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Mis 3

Information systems planning is a critical process for developing strategic plans and gaining a competitive advantage, as it involves aligning organizational objectives with those of the MIS and taking a strategic approach. The typical development process includes planning, analysis, design, coding, testing, and implementation stages. Principles for effective IS planning include supporting business strategy, evaluating technology costs over the long term, maintaining systems, considering human factors, and using a four-stage model of strategic planning, information requirements analysis, resource allocation, and project planning.

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80 views

Mis 3

Information systems planning is a critical process for developing strategic plans and gaining a competitive advantage, as it involves aligning organizational objectives with those of the MIS and taking a strategic approach. The typical development process includes planning, analysis, design, coding, testing, and implementation stages. Principles for effective IS planning include supporting business strategy, evaluating technology costs over the long term, maintaining systems, considering human factors, and using a four-stage model of strategic planning, information requirements analysis, resource allocation, and project planning.

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peter
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IS Planning Process:

Information Systems Planning is critical in developing and executing successful strategic plans in huge
firms at global level. It is observed in current business situation that the markets are very uncertain
which pushes companies to adopt effective, pro-active strategies in order to gain competitive advantage.
The strategy formula is oriented through company's operation and objectives based on a cautious
analysis of the involving company. Objectives of information system planning are desired future
positions and destinations the organizations intend to reach in order to fulfil its mission. Its policies are
a general guideline that directs and constraints decision making within an organization.
Planning for MIS is probably the most important task in the entire development process. It is the activity
which if done wrongly may lead to huge cost and time overruns in the development process. The
planning process involves amongst other things the aligning of objectives of an organization with the
objectives of the MIS. This activity requires strategic management orientation and a macro view of the
needs and growth aspirations of the organization among other skills as the system will have to be
relevant to the organization in the near future. If the organization outgrows the MIS, then the MIS will
have to be redeveloped. This being costly, in both time and financial dimensions is to be avoided.

Information systems development becomes easy if there is:


1. A supportive management with a positive attitude
2. The existing IS is adequate
3. The objectives for the new IS is good and clear
In such a scenario, the IS development becomes easy and the IS that is developed delivers value and
becomes acceptable to employees easily. However, if any or all of the above factors are not in favor,
i.e., management is not supportive or has a negative attitude towards IS or if the objectives of the new
IS are bad or if the existing IS is inadequate or all of the factors are together not in favor, then the IS
development becomes very difficult. One must factor in these issues before commencing with the
information systems planning process.

The Process of Development of Information System: A Typical Software Development Life Cycle
The process of development of information systems in an organization may vary from case to case but
ideally the stages of development can be clearly demarcated. The process of development of information
system involves the following stages:
1. Planning-planning is required as without planning the outcome will be below expectations. Planning
sets the objectives of the system in clear and unambiguous terms so that the developer may conform to
a well laid set of deliverables rather than a high-sounding statement that may mean little to him.
Planning also enables the development process to be structured so that logical methodology is used
rather than working in fits and starts. It ensures user participation and helps in greater acceptability and
a better outcome from the development process. It leads to a system that is well balanced in both the
managerial and technical aspects.
2. Analysis-is an activity of technical representation of a system. Over the years many methods have been
developed of which the structured analysis and object oriented analysis are most widely used. This step
or activity is the first technical representation in abstract terms of the system.
3. Design-is the stage where the model or representation of an entity or a system is done (in detail). It is
based on the idea that the developer will be able to develop a working system conforming to all the
specifications of the design document which would satisfy the user. ·It is a concept which has been
borrowed from other branches in engineering where the blueprint of a system or entity to be built later
is first created on a piece of paper or digitally to help developers in conceptualization of the system and
to understand the specifications of the system.
4. Coding-is the actual stage of writing codes to develop the application software according to the
specifications as set by the design document. The programming done at this stage to build the system
is dictated by the needs of the design specifications. The programmer cannot go beyond the design
document.
5. Testing-is the testing of the system to check if the application is as per the set specification and to check
whether the system will be able to function under actual load of data. The testing is also done to remove
any bugs or errors in the code.
6. Implementation-is the stage when the system is deployed in the organization. This is a process which
often is a difficult one as it involves some customization of the code to fit context specific information
in the system.

Principles for IS Planning:


• Support the firm’s business strategy with appropriate technical architecture
• Evaluate technology as a component of a larger system
• Recognize life cycle costs, not just acquisition costs
• Design information systems to be maintainable
• Recognize the human side of technology use
• Support and control the technical system

Four Stage Model:


The four stage IS planning model, besides providing insight into the planning process, reduces
confusion about the selection of competing planning methodologies.
Four stages of IS planning model

Strategic Planning:

In this planning stage, objectives, goals and strategies are compared with the objectives, goals and
strategies of the organisation. The following techniques are used:

i) Derivation from the organisational plan

ii) The strategic information system grid


iii) Strategic fit with organisational culture
iv) Strategy set transformation

Information Requirements Analysis:

This stage deals with the current and future needs for IS to support decision-making and operations of
the organisation. To undertake information requirement analysis, the following steps are followed

i) Define underlying organisational requirements


ii) Develop sub-system matrix
iii) Define and evaluate information requirements for organisational sub-systems

Resource Allocation:

After identification of the need for information system applications for entire organisation, the next
phase is allocation of resources.

a. Return on investment
b. Charge out
c. Portfolio approach
d. Steering committees.

Project Planning:

The last stage of four-stage model of MIS planning is project planning which provides an overall
framework for system development planning, scheduling and controlling. A wide variety of tools of
project management are available, which include milestones, critical path method (CPM) and Gantt
Charts.

4 Steps to implement a plan


1. Identify 2. Organize 3. Communicate 4. Evaluate
SALT 7.6: A successful ERP implementation process should prepare people for change; it should be a
mix of approach best suited for the firm; and that package should be selected which has both present
and future needs. These three tips make a successful ERP. In the present case, Vice Chairman agreed
to go for the second best ERP as he applied all three tips before selection of the system. People in the
firm can manage with the second best ERP as of now and future needs are not defined. Moreover,
people will be prepared in time to come for the best (sophisticated) ERP system.

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