P\,,,t e Gi( delr a Bv; ltrP I - )'ecfi'',i,^

( Ptsc 76o- 16)

4 1\eJe-r wcb llt p\e-oc,rv,\ vrorlb.f J\ )4 ,;{ -

s^'ilb crr [",.tb \1 ry,nnAri( J CU+ ,r \{ '1 trf J\

Gor7,ul u{ G*Prnh d& )\ )"E );\ dV } n

rr,tn
- + dq
Yt*' f
q^l/4-,fq an^'a) , F'I d "S'Ur{>
fr, y?t F{ f-fr
t

)ti+ ( C,^y*vv-hr'r- ) ->tt

W\,)\atv ' Ftt * o-"f\ vtoln^tl-'-
^ oA.J&p

,-.-:d*l ,'*rwc,b J\Q:.,f> t *

( fuAL 94.\ b)
t'?6 W * &*{,,d1' -t"t'
1\,f+,(
A".bU 3) nmol
(rc
\ r.*, W<u,l
{, ( c'+Stb =P*n Gn%nt

7- - 3-n*ion
(uJr" Tnlw
4 s\eA{""'eb

\\*ltr< $ **','1)
w ..+ c*l2"af "vth'
k-tq
5il)\3 1y r*nciti
c I
1- .- 5 .-sA\ '^
lW<E4r+@,*"rP*Pr
I t.l* 7r'4 W -+ s\''d'f "/'?b'

Slrfl: ol C{&tti,,vLl' k :\ <i A+, <e--L^s 4</;t-

16.1-18 MEMBER PROPERTIES [Sect. B4.

TABLE B4.1b
Width-to-Thickness Ratios: Compression Elements
Members Subject to Flexure
Limiting
Width-to-Thickness Ratio
Case

Width-to- ␭p ␭r
Description of Thickness (compact/ (noncompact/
Element Ratio noncompact) slender) Examples

10 Flanges of rolled
I-shaped sections,
b/t E E
channels, and 0.38 1.0
tees Fy Fy

11 Flanges of [a] [b]

doubly and
singly symmetric b/t E k cE
Unstiffened Elements

0.38 0.95
I-shaped built-up Fy FL
sections

12 Legs of single
E E
angles b/t 0.54 0.91
Fy Fy

13 Flanges of all
b/t E E
I-shaped sections 0.38 1.0
and channels in Fy Fy
flexure about the
minor axis

14 Stems of tees d/t E E

0.84 1.52
Fy Fy

(c) For flange or diaphragm plates in built-up sections, the width, b, is the distance
between adjacent lines of fasteners or lines of welds.
(d) For flanges of rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS), the width, b, is the
clear distance between webs less the inside corner radius on each side. For webs
of rectangular HSS, h is the clear distance between the flanges less the inside cor-
ner radius on each side. If the corner radius is not known, b and h shall be taken
as the corresponding outside dimension minus three times the thickness. The
thickness, t, shall be taken as the design wall thickness, per Section B4.2.
(e) For flanges or webs of box sections and other stiffened elements, the width, b, is
the clear distance between the elements providing stiffening.
(f) For perforated cover plates, b is the transverse distance between the nearest line
of fasteners, and the net area of the plate is taken at the widest hole.

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Sect. B4.] MEMBER PROPERTIES 16.1-19

TABLE B4.1b (continued)

Width-to-Thickness Ratios: Compression Elements
Members Subject to Flexure
Limiting
Width-to- Width-to-Thickness Ratio
Case

Thick- ␭p ␭r
Description of ness (compact/ (noncompact/
Element Ratio noncompact) slender) Examples

15 Webs of doubly
symmetric I- h/tw E E
3.76 5.70
shaped sections Fy Fy
and channels
hc [c]
16 Webs of singly E
symmetric hp Fy
I-shaped hc /tw 2 E
⎛ Mp ⎞ 5.70
sections ⎜0.54 M − 0.09⎟ Fy
⎝ y ⎠
≤ λr

17 Flanges of
rectangular HSS b/t E E
1.12 1.40
Fy Fy
Stiffened Elements

18 Flange cover
plates and b/t E E
diaphragm plates 1.12 1.40
Fy Fy
between lines of
fasteners or
welds

19 Webs of
h/t E E
rectangular 2.42 5.70
HSS and box Fy Fy
sections

D/t
20 Round HSS
E E
0.07 0.31
Fy Fy

21 Flanges of box b/t

sections E E
1.12 1.49
Fy Fy

[a] kc = 4兾 h / t w , shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calculation purposes.
[b] F
L = 0.7Fy for slender web I-shaped members and major-axis bending of compact and noncompact web built-
up I-shaped members with Sxt /Sxc ≥ 0.7; FL = Fy Sxt /Sxc ≥ 0.5Fy for major-axis bending of compact and
noncompact web built-up I-shaped members with Sxt /Sxc < 0.7, where Sxc, Sxt = elastic section modulus
referred to compression and tension flanges, respectively, in.3 (mm3).
[c] M is the moment at yielding of the extreme fiber. M = F Z , plastic bending moment, kip-in. (N-mm), where
y p y x
Zx = plastic section modulus taken about x-axis, in.3 (mm3).
E = modulus of elasticity of steel = 29,000 ksi (200 000 MPa) ENA = elastic neutral axis
Fy = specified minimum yield stress, ksi (MPa) PNA = plastic neutral axis

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Chap. F] DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE 16.1-45

TABLE USER NOTE F1.1

Selection Table for the Application
of Chapter F Sections

Section in Cross Flange Web Limit

Chapter F Section Slenderness Slenderness States

F2 C C Y, LTB

F3 NC, S C LTB, FLB

CFY, LTB,
F4 C, NC, S C, NC
FLB, TFY

CFY, LTB,
F5 C, NC, S S
FLB, TFY

F6 C, NC, S N/A Y, FLB

Y, FLB,
F7 C, NC, S C, NC, S
WLB, LTB

F8 N/A N/A Y, LB

Y, LTB,
F9 C, NC, S N/A
FLB, WLB

F10 N/A N/A Y, LTB, LLB

F11 N/A N/A Y, LTB

Unsymmetrical shapes, All limit

F12
other than single angles N/A N/A states

Y = yielding, CFY = compression flange yielding, LTB = lateral-torsional buckling, FLB = flange local buck-
ling, WLB = web local buckling, TFY = tension flange yielding, LLB = leg local buckling, LB = local buckling,
C = compact, NC = noncompact, S = slender, N/A = not applicable

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, July 7, 2016

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
 y'^dr;< T - S"'lv^
t\<?s ,r[ c,,hOJ'At'- f''{
to"tb9
^,.-, Fl*1<
"X"tn^l
liVe^
7-bl,
7nr t/, : t'/ ra rrt
bf, rt/
I p. , /' 'tt CnPr<$;,n
bi, =/ vr^ ''r F l.g<
tu'- u/ nl
\u ' t/ nrn
(o
' / 7/lr"ma ltr-
f ; t/ //n*
v -yja5iu{-
ht.-

F^/ Ftryc |/t*

Yn'/ wkrn"l
A.-- r/ F/-F^
f l",n2a
Le
L, --t/ v,n

Ro\^
---,-1'

tsd.H
-trlr Lrr/q Lb/q Lult
1*"-.tl
A Y*"y' \<az

S.r\*t iu*
-r-#-

(.\ geawdr) Pr'Q"Att '^

rr L
e$.rPl'fW' fit = Ll r4

,t*atftA Fl*g" Az=

/ h rYl
-z_

.?2

w"Jb fi'(u Az, / 7tm

+
L/ f4 7r
-t "4^L At'zet =
 r[as-\ ic /"4f4 *N' ( c",Arr"[)

Ak" ( n) r""' y (r"n) A / (nn?)

6[r,n"r\ \
Nu*r YtA1 bfr xl1,= t/ lI'/, = t/

ffi
utub
bl,
^t1.,rr
h.t ^ \t'y'
t/,* h* - tlr/---4
t4, *L"lf' =t/
1r|.1

y= 2A' ,t/ Pfr

ZA

;;;t'rYi2^^^"' {Pr Ttrv <: +?t)t'

Jt Nthllv "aA'rs
cr,n\ri,A 2",;,-r *.2E+^/\r(
, o2 # t->P J\" '{)At
LV,
0/' * (\.,t -3)t^
fil, * 9In =
rre,Il:,,*:
Al,^5t' .-hf.u\^1'-Yt^
fih* zit. a A'-*'o^ !",
Jtt.
--t
--bla
t cT'- sa4{tur^
-+ fi/, = /)/.,-
*"ifi
1\r^ J, h^
z t'/ ft1rn
,{'A fo( q Xts = 5* t Ft =
firnn QL*i'h.
 Y, Venl o/ ,n"/t f a
Jx-x .t/ mn|

of ( go)
e[qs]ic \^oA'*{ur Su.di'^''

.)
)x= Ix T e-lotti<
q/-\{
/'*:t
- n

flul ttc lao\,rtq,

olsry' (Z)
wrlqr ol t"afr^ )t r'ril
A4;/ J\dQ €ef,o)tic
f
/,4/\2" c 1/e'^hr'lt qxlt \l ,")F
\\ o,\-? Y'
( Ptasll
C^\(\ ol
'*k- '2 F
u'r
$\a42q

f,
t$1'a'rv{
6')''O'
1'1
)r-

{ar ir* Flo*Je

@ot@n)
'*lF bC<.
bl,t +1,' '/ Ut'=L
2t

i
2A I , i,= /
?trrt
), LA
9"
1F-

ffi\ fir^(r",*
(p^\
Y
ry?'
AYI q,^ir.rut!!l
aX\5- - X
Aern,l Ylw|c
t/

; - t/ 7n4t
)", ry =
u/ rrtrr /./L-
LA

a4,, \)n;
9

t= t'/ rnfl
*^^=
( /YrJ)
t
f.ta^1
()iulrtL t<'n,-.t)
c6 6\astic
11, a-
9sx =/ ^/'(-(*

c)P
,{'/nn
MP =r; Z 't'/
(Ai" r,/ ff" *:eL
f\s rna*'wv^ drrJ,{rt*ss
0) C\e*Y

(h^lt^)*^ 1-l o

L6o ( f t?'?)
=

t'^ i I 5^*u F*t'O

-Yf"..z-"^*-D Sec-if
lf l*l 1n.( tlu ---n
3nnh
iu^ \ s vn S olit ficlw1

1 2-6u th.r-.^Jtb
lF X^l la -+
R \1e(;nc ,/ fh. dub C\" 5s if,rcebt'u^ ( A is< 76"' \6 )
( )*bl< Bt+-l b )
l^
lr",,^ I s boy<[ o,
Cqn!< $.. Qa\U)t"
{^il chcc? \s n'} i r-P'4-*''tt
Yr C\t*S e-
1,r-, /+, = /
v-11 w -u/
e-?6.u/
t-rft 7^'.ly
Vrl|-r(. i'16 W s.?( S<u*in, <r*@ 4l.,l,u.b fs

w.rb i S Arn /"Af

.!^vrr"rl"l iI r1,0^ b"/t'f s\'e^tu'<
t\z-
i'''^ F |ry. frtt^'
g c\'etK +Y** fiY.a lo +1^. Q''"Pfu5s
6A?r.ts 1,r Plortlc '

\"0't* (\, W.
b1.. .Ll. h*
(f l) z\

G) G.llul.#- +h'
.I"/\Sf,,^ Fl,**1. YictA (YJ
3r+ * FL^slr< 5'ol* n^'M *s Y"le/r'l
Corpf<Sr,r1^ F lru.r) e

4nn= + t 5x+ , ]to'1

( P4-1"\
aau;"a f lo*1 c.
G)
MA s\ft,^. tu ( cFy
frc"l'A fvu^ tI. gL"lf r r,/<-Ar4 ot Xt s
\.. = Jr'.1 ice \\4-
\A

n flt*_
tu +hz- Intilc F4U log'
t
G nt2/<55 r ot.- f: '

br*pGe5itn fL^Yre'
h.lz
o/ t"g,YPmclri<
yrcntc --^
-ry L- Snd I 4 -4\gt \t"s stuly.;,/1-!

V. , t/ /rt rY-t

6i," Fl^y"
ft*, a
v" \^ $rf I l.t^D,(frz)
bl. tt,
it oE'
ttMlr {\t 5tc*io^s\f<-
lf a^ (\u -D n'l
r, 'tL- Ieofi'n ge< ls
aL'

71" 4 t ry
lL o^
I5" r;L fo b' o'Jv"w'''-(i D),'
:,*st\' I
Afp-et ttY
l..cl<-o's t

+h. f Lrr*1 "

*tcb rte*'

RY . b.nLY *feyt^ f"["o\'tu^ F^cl{'

W=l- \l-ao
G.*t

+ joo 4.d
(*-'+W)<'o ( rr-/)
Sru c $<ciiu^ Nl-I*(^l (<f"rf"L )" {'"-
= AaSlr
r" [[rYc
C/r,,P(<5,f t, Flryo

91.= Ii --u- n,n7 v

)
€loitc /v"N"l _-f
q/,,\t-----X

forrston FlfrJ.
4:
Sx.
t/
r;4
lt O*/*'/
{V'wb (""'f*c {
'oT )"r^
t\. uJa r sbilr 4

fr. r?t ilw" ->:x+ < o'4

>f Vo-7 5/t c
t;"i,i;!- fi", *zr'b

[tr/ ,rlrt
b)
kc= >=t/
Lr
a o-?r< K. ( o'1( (+"bk r)4"(

'l\"/*"
r4a1io =
l. *riH\ f' \'tchv'q55 h=/
;*' 1"-{4'} GV'2
\f , vv?e([ir"r'f (Pbl.-
.\
r74'ib)
\? , o'jl FtO 1'l/
A'V)'9
k, l;t,il F'f n'nCzr"Pn"4
'?('/
(l^bl< 9lt'\b)
\rro-15-W

\<{p 1p(t(1 . n t
\t\"lru"Jc il
+i'-ri,),v. r1 b-rJ t\* Fl.ylc ^l
r no^U'#&r +r^{- F
sVl"r'
mtlrrlic- f t,y. ldJ f'''W
+vl;r*i/ sTfuwirl
rar\tt y$vuL
i,i,' ft*e'V"t'
-ft*ckt;g
Qnlt 'l .
^trtt &^lftt'

Ftr'0 Frrrfi'orD(Wrl
( Fr-s)
 ( F r-a")
lY" = 4 &Pl F'r ;xc

q\ \.^1.r"A \'[si"'*4 bnek \ t^3 '

l*l'/'l ft9 ran
ol 2Y^At'^ F'+r
n ,4k' t{[d(Y'( fr,!t.u
?nctq\ r"a'
b/. -- ,-/ rn n4 ( [4 ''t )
Y\,
tz(t+\16a"t

v"!'L \.,^7+h
l,v, $io*LW*'ILe^ N' v'^'b
5+"f'_'
l',1t1' f,,r twlmil
L?i t\. \ini\tgl \^\"raY 'nbd"&l
\'l fi ,/,vt, ( [tt-+)
L(, W =
\e*/]v f"r lt'' I i'''i rt*f'
LY 2 4^"
Lr, \ i rtit y \'fror^tl1 ^"!'^l '
tn"lot+, l*le^l 7'rr i'v'o( B^"K,vd
'[
-\r=rr nt
F ,.79 ( f r',.-)
l:) 4 ' t; /' i 1r,,fi;u^ F-ct'f
Cu i \i*(al f,{ti**l Pnc(.l

\z"tr Sr.+X ( [t't)

Cu
0--t fnpox *3Fan+ $ ttg< 3 (\lc
w\\o{<-:
-' Cl Wr^eJ trt (La)
t^n z( ,. tr.VSu(*Ao Yr.\t rytXi wYt^
ul r,-{,^.^h J \*-(V flott:t u[' (Lu)
Y\n : S\aJ"\"A'- voLu*-
/ '/ i
MB:) /,
/a
t 'ot Ct''dt'rliw<
t flrr..l"urf4 / ' "
$ct , ",rf
 ,V\(1 J\, ( l-u ) PAd'Pt --;7 cv il ztJ*
,bttl trb),s ul-r? u' et\>
fD\ A +Lz)'+-
(La) ,lFr l"htl:'60% uov
o"&l;rd;4k> a-r B 42' '-
Lu) $.;a*;"
q
fu21 *
(LD ,flr iL)//\P&144?+a-'(
c4\ ?r*xr
f LD )rDtE6')47lW 'o
)/' -) q 'M5''\*A' 2 ";'u/ e )+
dur\'l'Y f4/e * ?
,q4.r o7\LY fDtC
,t)sC
e/W L*
)"s!dV u /-
C\r:r'' ^l?C^'il\\'vef ^s
'1

( ft.c.)

L9 < Lu< Lr-

LatL,
Lr<Lp <
i\\ \a e +n F^ile ''s;\t b
rt,lot)urn\ \ or ilal."1 1,w- f ^ilvrz *r il{t. \o\qJ' futst^-\
0',c!\p ,nir+" \^t*r'l t'vlnn'( B--ck\,va-
B,^c/ctg €' Crltt E
bur= 12

F",rrCr,
D -".rr(ffi)<l) -- ,?'*
( f f-g) (Fr-ql
4*"=4 Rrt Fcr 5xc,/ /v-/w^ ( fr-r)
 tnPn^nltak sLr{t',rer;)
u f\2,.r5){en)l|, (
wil+,,,,t

actf r"^
*qs tun f i.H-
sli$<"-(l '-o )'lv-
a A*.1' tvo lntvfrv'<-U'4t t t onillel'
ttl b-<
--v flq SIVuJtl^ *r
b qkl crt t\\<*{ rl"c'kli*d '

ly _+ 61rtb 0l&l- 5\t*,r t)*okt% t"r.l{ ICr'":t'

l/"'*'o )'
\t''*tw'{s' s}
( {'r wsb 6 ifl"4
s

Kv = fiq

Cu, , *-b *\e!^^( b eflicie'"t'

rnr/ t" { \.\ Ir* *

Cv, 1-'
"r
(G
T
z-t)
Cr.7 ''..l\
r.r tsv- E
€
=
(G z-u)
&
rnru
xtw 't'/
Ar=
nl cul <\Ne'/'(- : \f'9tw'
Vnz nutn / cl'' =0"1
n 0^ *(vrtt'/
no-['( 9
4u" ,4 ( Gz'\)
A
 6$eryt
ft4
Give,."
b+r'= /cto Yau tg,, A'o rcn^ 1*
6oo-----*
blr"qba r/t
m/n
t-l,.'L'o M-
t,s = [-"
(\^ M Lq Qoo r
\,. i AL t'^/
\^'A\ 1"1*rn"l
FloUz
6{ tsd'^
Y/\\^ =

Lu ,foto $s
It' ^\.,L{$*l
S1" 4P$n:'?o'
\,c{
a!> vvu
l'1 \'?.{ \'zf
$o
v..
<.a\
,J
o-lr\"

A\ Guruelrb PtuQ"Ar"t

Aka>
L

Ex)elwal Flry"
frt i Lou xA-- 6uct fhrtl
bou l4
?-
8o" /h/47
ml*tn'tr FLA'A'
--

Az'- ;qz xh : b48 rnm,

*e) fi{u /4m7
Trtot A{e" t =
711B

etX-1j
il,, .{ir' t/<*\al
LrtulIa
Y (Pn)

$att
t4lt= Z ?Noo= ld"'
Q.u/r\=
Z*le( ndl F'l'*/ "
ffi ffi
1-au /\= $oo
t) +
\* )lzlz: joo
51,u4912 =fr8 fi|X$oo=Wgqc
y,xzllS:7!lothc
UJw-rl 1---
\ zt 4?,
t
t'. \\1o Qaa
1ot",L \
i- €A'Y a \\.ro 4rr,,
70o 17, rA
€A 71 L8

s
p"",*ft'latX\ ''

?\a s\rc

th, S-drron lt
l"r"U //mme-lr;c f - 5ec'Jioa tp,

1q A/, , 0/,. , g, bg v
aNl = (fr'^t/ t'?oo
r'nH
?Lilt,c,{u4to[

{"m"'}'/ 'n'U
T-/-j, , *(toox\x118') <
4
Dx-x = Lrrz\tlUt-(4 **A
sl*t i w,4.4
\2.
= fz\ /4ou'66 *^4

Olarltc r, &l"tz 1 7o qt fq'g 4

q*z 9 (4k'd
-,
a
Lx ' -G =
fi/n'
),t = -"-
)

vr4*l tl f*A,""tO
P\"sry

L
[i"lQ'-8o,
\+ttilzrli' \+q\t t
Vrf68
ntt

2r -# I Btfi 6 rt\.s16 mr^

\\8 q
, f,=Too' 1t-5\( ;La8'qga
 t)
/2
L- A- a t'nil
),.lr
i
pf-2"( PaL)
alL'etl I
z*8,o= \6 o.,
41"z
-
o
'/ rtc, 14" %oX\ =$t
trB \ x \l'z-=
[: \\B q q+ z1(lz;\S z \a rt< 5'
0
"o,tX
\8\ t/8
c\\'5 \ b =a-a8'\8A
r)"'?ao' lY'ru nlYt
2A.f
-zT -)Btlfs
' \n8u =n\.t\6
).= t.,/ mq'69
lQ /'*ru
*Ltu
q(6'
?
r'?*g'9 s4 =
Q--), ;*n 'Lo6q84
3, $*a,=ryxQ\6-\(8;BzX?iq'evrw'n3

c)

ills+\c vto nzA I ( r'a P) N' l^tq

Cs
ffi"
MP= L) xL ;;' B
( Q'5 tz "=ff^Y
24,, rf T;1j
sl"a'r*t: r::, f
A: cnaf <w "-"* ""^ ^
\qB <L('"
:Yf (f, B'z)
,lhe-,^ rk'
\r*/ t'o a rrcl1'z
(l*bi$['\D)
1-^(r-\('
(il0
\*ll.o--ry=tq6
,;e ftg*,u-lt @ =8{z$
17w: ,T7 ?-ot,

ITT
otrts tZ5

Ir"/+^
= tQ I Z v,4W =Df-+t1^{n +\a*^"b t, 3\"","[e.f
 61zc F t1.t
*/.,t firzu to lh,_ C*.pfkf/io,tf'\ry..
G)
+l^er,. ok (f la'z)
b oo
b /r' lf, (1 f Y)
[t'Y e / rcil fircUlL
fr) C*\calol" \\z
)ett r )un

)= tt*l?''* ll, ' 3oo r"'r*

3
fx
o ,
)t\=2\\2 I ry;''4x =?oUlff,gI
? = 3oo
fn Vl

1*^;4 D Sxt ( 55-r')

/ n
-

Glaftic
&rt
lo ltfE'?{
4 r"* = o''l r'l6fx n/'n^ y'larfe.
) ta^ = ?-?'4 14( Boo'\6f 6i,n
?N'm
1 $an = zc4-14

6J &*Nr'tri* Fl*Y Yd sJQalv' (ctv) An\taJren [b"1".

h|r, ry='?'1,(@ h"l-u

h. = 6.l"z
h"
arA 1 ----
t" - trzA(l ?._11( t "
= t It
Qtot\ ( fa-t) -ftnt ian /l*!/ c'
vk rf.
lF a.z)
?r,1 z t- -e'4 ) (\., ( Fr't)
\Q,t,o .+ 3oo
o* ffi
fly --r
t g"(,
\?.oo * 3oo fl4*

A.= Ir 2\\2111762.61
= Totll€f.b4 nne
v-lotl 360
lff.8X - 1"0
>x+ 'lo 4l6f-87
 Co*t- iU **tb Ig Sl*lr.f + |'['v^ F*'4
l;'- o'1Ktff' zgbf /
lh'--
Ll A
= o-3L(g .'1f(K.( -7{
o

\c"--ffi =:
Jrnl,,
-
{"n^ Y--r,.3i
( ,.. b[- tf
/\ '
ffi ' 1g
,a -zlg =

\r, W o-es =I'o1tf

\i(q
\r=,[email protected]@ =
["' " ( rm)
t" Le -7 (tr=\rr4 -*+t\n'n
n'fr
ffi
(-..- o.q^w:t*^t*r ; lor>- I ,u I
rvr-' r&*
lzxq t
funRA ^ f;' t Sx' ( Ft-+)
1v^, N'nrn
/r^ loo -B x4o\trr'81''r*Z"r'rq:3
= 0.1 \t.1,g\qsx

$ \eleftA l''ft)'n'/ Twkl'Y

o r't1'{'^
,r.>
Lo = fo
t''

( [ u-tt)
Ji, f t *V6o*)

Yl 2
2oa a \4-z l'l nnrs^

\L(tr % xe46)
rnrn
Lpr l-[ fr
Wrt.! xttt-?rW a\Qee'fu
 = u'?-o6 ?'/?t
l,v'. n {+ =-Tf
x t)?-r-| x
Wr
La = fooo 7 Lr= \to(
/"a$ th._^ [u,*<,
ql (fry-u)
Y\" 4ur F/'^
YA;
lnB.=YprI'= {c PN'b
\L-{ flr* ----- ( Ft't)
Cb i eaT{nc
\t'f;' {U = \'14
Cn a -q-6xcf+a1t\w5 + t
'lt|l-u{

/(, /nf ^
lor= t$xat'W ,').oo -

tw,l
)rc
1{rz + f"n ^KPg ^
f^" =ff::
6no lz-+t
{.?r^ frc Lri4ib'{

tr) s/hrnlc f{thfrtr,ff^

K, , q'vA
t[1u
\"rli*r, ry '

t/
6,f{,,'lNs7\r$#,lo.gs t\o^ &r= \H
(Gz-\)
Cur 2 eo'9o4
1\6 2,
m-
frn 2 6t'o l\' z\oo 7a

,1 xo-(,, D x0a x cv \ ab.'txo-dxzf{t'duroaxo'4o:1

1vn + , \{t+ PJ 7v*= (( P^r (ak)
 Y rt'*'4r;c
I

5\oPs ul CAb\"ti'^ F'f sr

'29 L - 5 zc\'i'rt^-
?i)arn4 l*g e

G\rb ,jrrn?

bl, "u/ re \ P, =
tr /?'1/vl

mr --- x
bl,'; IP-,- 'z tr^t
*'n'-/ 7un
llr. ''r P/^
,,2 y'l'^n"
fr .
. ',' /l "'* !/ ,#r*l P-l.o'71c'
E -fcrrt irn k ld*Jc
Y/{
\J
^, /
l\n. v'z' Fr''/t^

\;V./ nfl
b'n
R+. 4 Y"' ''1' yl-,1./o /L'/'/Y
4, V r'"' 11'
Sr\".[ \ t*

CU Ge-fidrq P{'PAtLr'

e At' t'/ /'+/u7

Ytlcr*ol f La'!

' L'
vt' nrL
T, f.{ Atr^t

a (*^) A - 7 (l'^^3)

bhlz z tl
b l,*1 l' "t' blt *h^'^ bl.lz' uz
bA ,.h.r{'?- =
t/
7, /p'Y
LA
--t/ lnb

9= =t/,./n
Lt- x-4tl' --tx

rc 1r{"*+ ro( o(.t s = i * tl' =t/ P Troifrtaltt

Pldtl

yArr^.rrt ,l[ vtc (I iq''

1lx-x '- L'/ fn n4
ll
ay-y 2 t/ /rart"'

el."r\ r c *, [at*l ,/-t'd^ ( s.)

Ax
1x= T t:!':
gla fit<
ot{V x
)

c w\^lnt of' sdr'^ ( V\

Wtli
[:*
\
T,
frra(Po?) 7@) A-l 0,,f )
CrrrQoo''h
ftlefiA r s t/ L
l-,-'

1,t 0o[ f
', L/'
/ ,ob
1ol al
-ty' n / f, , t'/
/4/?t
LA'/
?F'l -ur'fr -
v
),,
L/
-----
rl
+ a fur) / (m^')
ffiA A f^ ( n-") A-

L/
m e F\'YT'"
WPA al*"b
T"f "/L

q -t/ ru4
q 2 LA-7* =,,- pfr t ,/'
)z =
LY
'-t'/ Pr
a, jr *i,
a t/ PP'
Z= + 1'at'

GJ
/-
W' , )^'u/ /'t
+ ( \^p)
lto51t< rt nent
G) P

f,P= D'Z- ''/ r-r*

rq\\ "
'"y'1v4
GJ ch@k \u@A*
5\en[e,mv-ry

\1Jt ^ o/ r(z/' ( F'lT-t-)

<lo'l l''t y"$r"'\ af i s

$ 1\c".nz< f ror*il"q
B \- z Tt ic"-$t- a*frttlF)c^ fbye
-

\o t\'- t*tit^ F^g ll'i_

"/
tvt..
GrnPrtsJ
FwY'' \n./.
'-.-x

1a.7"; for' [:W,

 i c-e- +\< M s\r^,.-r- )z.J|.rt-t^
)rP 'T\d
+1^- ploll ic /&+ftA a.A1 f o

)'ut^'
Flo"$t L c: / )l-T€,tt
th" rrnl ) J< Pl^ry':-qXtl
-
futr"tr
Ft y"
\<-'15"n
/tg*-

ti) Defr^u1h.uab@
\t/l ,'t,/l l/*Uf*nl
u)f ff
;I'P
n4t''-
Qa,e
bJle"ltfu*'
W
\).,L y{o- L
tr
I"f t^ =t/

*{-.-<y+^sr-" Fg
\.4" 7v'* W
\ ry
6'sq fr:"i', +\r.*'lb it
iJ n**F"a ,rrvrh iS ,,,n cn^P*d[
+. -t'Jb +1r..{- sloruLnr

+"+V Cilf*Y'^ f'

3)cwM f^

o-\*}i(u'( ( l; \7-z\
 5<cftitr^ s-r' \*\'tl YtQ(kl 1rt +.. \.^llazx Sid€"
Slr 2 Ftt }ltc Gafl..!)t,^ f lrry2e
t*"n7
3xt= ++u/

1!+n 4, ry 5$ ./ ,r^w: -(
/v'^"r^
=
( Fr-t")
a.i,n ll*;,
Flry')r'tt ( (f Y)
t\O cnvtcettu*
\r= t/ mA
v." \j- ..-a \ c>
(f e-\z), ( fr'zt
a,wi
frU ( F6-6)
a,^J / b -e'1 FU).tlo
Ru c l- {*r
t '
?n^tt-
\rl,ou+noo4vrl C!,rft$tt'n/Y"'
k'ne
)x< -b?'/
, f,\arli. /4\x
qFir
3r'" .t/
5J-c
6r,"fb47c
Ft=

-lU-- fs^hY?'*tf or
-{\^- "r'/b il s\u,lur n'n G'*?J'
ft."'7 I llPt*-
5&7/o-7 )lt (u.7
\
51c '
X.
fi,r'7 0 ilb"taw
[t= 0 ,#r,.'rI
 A
2L/ V*t o -16-.( k. S *a (
\.. .

J'6 t" \\rurt kr^<l,r [e,4 to ) '

bl, =t/ ( *, t I'-lV'

L*lo
^. fif Cunf*4 6l.1arJ
\(, '(WtiPit u)
( l*bV $4't
fe, osbW A"'{)"A CA9"P"
\o u806 Iin^ frr 11 flo n

Bu lD)
\,r = ,-1CI@
,TL 11 ^*rln

Sp<t(Xn \tt"
+^" rLry''i-1
*4*!
+J i,Y< t) ,17*tty ,. +h{- i'}"l}&-'/4
rr* [ rnrl rt.tn '
1nuks.+"'itb'l"u/
'\";i;"J-ill g"dtr', ' ]r::'f**
'^/it I b,tYoL' \'(A PY!.,:Y
fir.F k"r-utr(#",
r'r ot j'rz
( f'f-a)
,.1 "",ff?'
T
%I
4 \1n7 4 +) R91 F", fa( ,4='1 ( fr-q)
( fr'
cu \adA t"r s t"^
ro[ [uy-' F"t la*"r lc"rr rs'\
T t'i,-ry
Y+- fv*- e #"rtt*. I '/ V
8.,'. Ch\
$-b '

tl.. ( fl-n)
n=
{,.Ir+tlsout)
-
 'Jee^
rLo-
'*'b{c"Gl \*9 tt '
lv" ln 5+ o,^9<-yl
s ).r1.-
ItN
= t\*-\Mf,iu"}\^M^l^)UnJbt^Q)\.^71|^firFr".\m^.l
fi( ,,Lt'i\?.- tV4-.
f,/ +i *-tp'J
Lrz \ *att unb{^6) \cfi+
TW. lrnni\r'p"
b^e k{'u} '
lu{s 1"n"1
o[ n& firt L^Fral
t

( F (i-+t
L(, \.\ 'ft W ,,./ /&\

6 ( [r- r)
L".T Ya

w
L?AL
Lp-, ,T^
Lu6 Lr l,f < L'( L' - (\\\ u<
U' r^ fl.,rv
,.rfrg "S

lt a t,.*rra\ lof
s'v^4 +- [^11'rw.^'\ y,) oVt\r<
ovt)
)c e/\
a<J.sli ( \te(J
(J \o nr
*/\
r V' d"A
44
\r{4
r*\-( \o(
F"/A\s, +;ron,,\ t*-o[\'t^3' b*s\'
\o, s\.
"s6
iq '
\ ir2
7\.r\if

ffil
I

f"rre'D '"''9 st
I \
\
)
)2
( (r's> vd
fu" ,L
^
cr,
_b
Cr Ttz 6
( b
(b
tk^ .Yb-'

Frf Sxt' "/ f - n 'T- qrl

1
((, l-fr-
Q*"= 4Re ))

( r^'vz)
 ( ,r iV"-t aldr+zl;afu- s ]t{e'*r )
@ s\e*f
1
AkyT+t^
o,z rlt"l )
(a*,ns fon f A odio^ i5

(tr". :Tt*/+l *\l\b< ba/"L'^)

5\nz*( f)"a/Fll$'

1., = ',wb
(\S. S\'e^( O'44klv2'
n;1t*"i Ifuq vu/t< 5)i/{"ru'r'
kr. Tsq fi/*'u
Q,. z a"lb fiier,r A e*icv'J'

Iil
\\t'(\\ 17; Q,r\.r $ap
6"=\.o (Cz_z) \,f+*
,1)
G Z-

,1 ^o-( ^, ^ A* ^trrct/
4,\,
+ vr't' / 4"''l
4^t
fr ^= J'

/.;
!
 €l-a GpPn$is: ooo#
G---
flaotc*
b1,'2" ml =4
11, />1/A

tlr= ( rnrh
b/r. loo w
fctz lryn
t, ' A's rrun
Anp,
h^t'
,
L , zffil'*""
6 *1lo outt^l^
-q
Vq= vf Ytv lott

z \g'?f /l^r'
F\q \+rasYn
nm fla{c
\o " fooo

j4- 1w^ =2.0. W'sts

4 Vnu ?q.
sa\*l\ sn I
2- '

hfut
t oo 14 11 -
Fl$u 0 t'1 ?oo ^9:
e

: ;;;
we,b
;OCa
"l-,ra i,A;
I Ut :; S;,
"

'?f6s
:;=
":'
.ni;,ff":
t
*,t
-

ful Afeo() i
6las)ic f*AA "x'r
O{e4(il@*) Yfu^) A , c^^')
G*'frn"'is
(Mern* eool\ = N oa \la= z ffi,\60,
S\8-23\t-oc,
laaXg:Aoc' 4+f1z+ u17=
lrtleu a" '10
U+$42 =)aa s6{ xyo ='Vlt,Uoa
51?x\ z'?'718
zflS I t/
 q{\L:o vv'
Il'6= U =ffi-'1 =?t;-s1
M/t^
=*-1',
d"n':Y{1
qruil x
-x,
?lq slt c lt'u*lf,'l
qxr s
" rI
\tz- + h;{ '^'

:) , Qlo 2ro
e t^

ia W=])|ii,*,r'ar
a'('\s :
?les)i' /{4d
7-loo*+
r
*'
(+rrtrx rt)() 964-5q
* (t:rqr r\g-qf)r ry+
z lTlVttzZ?l n*4 pt.qt
qxtrr' gx (o o' . Erux f
JY-Y = T' -E' f
Ayrtf r',*4
=Vo,Z\f4.33
"u":fi^1
2!,,*,!r'
>/,2
7
' o16"51
* er,n,, fiic /e*f:

/tbg"
Crn?f<stio*
Ll
_Jl A-/@tt
\6 ""
Uofi'8:
Mg'-\ojL T*rW
\ ?4\\
z-
h
-1"t*L tgse I ,/ \75112

\?t7t? #lz t -/'

4, ttn"/lAe.
i,=$= \€s( = =Lfo'77'lz
llL g<=
 /1 " y (rum7)
fur*'.+ frru(iltun)
:4ro
lt*):
1r'tfurna'l
lo,afQ

\?BQ A+ o$/lt;lX4 L|LJ ol I €

lqlrUt
ffio-r, IXBLI
z\{168

-t

mn
6q4l4z'zv
A ; 1*o, -'Tu- xz1l'l\ = ( n'
( Wwert)
q Olallic 6''t'n"'nA /ietJ
y\) = D rx r 3€r^ lqq A4'1t'"=':iX:l:'ff ['^^

$ c\"c C f'r W *^\*Y fr,"Ltl

g,ezr c\< ( [n-\z)
In'l l,, T,\{B 1't-Gu
Or*Pkrtiu" /'lauYc
'

tr) \../e a 2 6z' 9q bb zlz'5 ,]'rc

'^
trtaJli 1 lWa ,x
hu , 6.tf\B fif U'
o$\I - 'x

Tat ia"
/t"n1.-
 Qnltul;bA4o
rhn^
Wta;3)6
z5o
\x z 6\? Tnru
Plartl''44'
q Xir
Th's uta clostif;Uht'"s lf"
Or i'^^
6 f
9('t b
fiis(s6a-l( t""bV 6,rry/lou"
\*\\* i ?=\\6
\" f t', = *'Otu ' tgt' zq'5-

-^w ffi
xe 1" | '' ,.-.-
= 7qt m'w -
r? =
o-o^)
fl'\'

f,+ W,rx^W=Y*1A
< \ff, L\^r* {Q
< L".ft'rr = \31'z4r

\ry &
r?-
l*s* -o.o 1)
\l 0n Q"'l!'
$^.4 vd'
YYo^
+-"
to t'[r Qp'6tf'<111t'tr- [tq- fr{za"
t\-^. *te'b A{q
F) o\<'l flten o F-'
\,r-q ='---- ? Tqu/'.l
i
,e'16 (\s -+
iL.tp. t.'t'ox 4

/'*"*'h o/ t'vol lr" (J9<1

@J c\<rk tv*
cr"ffciltrx /lfry'
n-^z,& ol rna{liq (tl I
), tk e \Y'
'.diun
Ay, = W =
2666(, 66- /4 rnnT
Lr-Y a l oo g\T 4.- y
W = ?'66i,6 lt'n =o$6 ,.t (H.(o.r (Ftz^z\
i'Yl ffil
\-^"-,..'6rL
 axr ==q \W=5\[\c'8
= 'n33- q\
n'e
ar t'K =ttrfff::'P#
)
grrt ai 'O'fifr7
gtAn, Dlrr = 73,91
, \82'0 6 ['n'xA
(J \v"c^] th ( ( Ft )
(} c,/, I
fesf [t*J' r'\ t
'x
5

51 nl^ g:lulrc /.n

) = 266-
\r\?\*84 V'
z l9|{'z\'\-
3x.= T zLL.sq, In4Yl "
t
'ctJl'on a,
kfu'J r,
9x.t
r-F 7 Otf\o6 =o.1*1,4
j r. /qqz\1.16
'

wotc \r rw"G"{)"-/+
U,'qL\ I
a,^L ,r.\/ ,X. Y o'1, t*^ F'= '4

\|ff= o9 8'f N I {vl/vt-

Fr=o''?
L\ 4-L=o.bf
B.= ffir- Jq
\'Wzk =L{

r* 7
\e=t,-ir W to'e| 'll'tar 1. o\lf
iff
\ru"# o-TfX?ao ouo
a \n(g
=o't, e9U,5-
 /),, -zLf_ z'?-r I'!t \",
"{t- W ' o'7T 1l, Ef = \r'q'q
g
\\rr.cn {", -. o.l E k< ( F r-q,)
,\tbl rZ

-\ ttprl .
(ffi)" t/ fs-t)
t

4$,,= 4KuY'( '*c|qqotf -\6

o'c(x\ [
\tro 'B x
4}z\n =
6z-\q' N' t^M
&p^n = 56qtl1,e tfN'An
flf'An= 58'qt{
irruJ h*ai<\.v'a ( La B)
tw-s
6$ \'Jt"+'A Lt:u [B-ab/*A
=

( fu-tt)
(\.= iL-Blt Fv'ln
l'\AA =
t- Aln+I = \glff F't/-An
l^B \2- t *t1S -15
\z-C P rrvct'x' ffi-a3<qx\rqt
Cb= 4<qk\$+50^c .r 3X3z-&13
+-f Yme$' *
Cv r\- (q
Lo , foru ft"tv\

t.{ x 116-o6x W*- \zt {-ss rh rv\

Lprt'rf+W
Lrr rt f+ = T xq6'o I ry^ \zgz'c(4 t^/u1
"W or.4X91 I =
 /'^r''\
Lu= fcsot L,=.,q283 'q"a'
a (fT-a)
*\,^ /orz lfrt <t
o

h'"^5x' (Fs'") N'bA

C{n=4RYx ''A t/ n\tzodq(Bq\'5q

cf il t c o't
1r^zn t1..

G Chcc
g fr s)rzarr'

Kurf"gq
, *-= \qg
hrl td, A
\.\dG, \\ x Es\gtoo
1ee
"* = $o-73

( Gz-t)
rr/+,
o lo'rt
'
-V-r a
tq6 =
o'\o7

()ru= lou /\ z L\ ou /^m'-

*o-b iffl' o8o ul, o'9 oT *'- 6

o'1 X
Qv^ i 4: f) D,r,
C,rt
=
a \R4?fz N

+"^ f[- 5zu\lun iJ .\c