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Elastic-Plastic Stress Distribution in A Plastically Anisotropic Rotating Disk

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Elastic-Plastic Stress Distribution in A Plastically Anisotropic Rotating Disk

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Elastic-Plastic Stress Distribution in a Plastically Anisotropic Rotating Disk Page 1 of 8

Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 427–429, May 2004
©2004 ASME. All rights reserved.

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Elastic-Plastic Stress Distribution in a Plastically

Anisotropic Rotating Disk
N. Alexandrova
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
e-mail: [email protected]

S. Alexandrov
Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 101-1 Prospect Vernadskogo,
119526 Moscow, Russia
e-mail: [email protected]

Received: January 3, 2003; revised: October 17, 2003

The plane state of stress in an elastic-plastic rotating anisotropic annular disk is studied. To incorporate
the effect of anisotropy on the plastic flow, Hill's quadratic orthotropic yield criterion and its associated
flow rule are adopted. A semi-analytical solution is obtained. The solution is illustrated by numerical
calculations showing various aspects of the influence of plastic anisotropy on the stress distribution in
the rotating disk. ©2004 ASME

Contributed by the Applied Mechanics Division of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS for
publication in the ASME JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Manuscript received by the ASME Applied Mechanics
Division, January 3, 2003, final revision, October 17, 2003. Associate Editor: M.-J. Pindera.

Contents

l 1 Introduction
l 2 Solution
l 3 Numerical Results and Discussion
l Acknowledgments
l Nomenclature
l REFERENCES
l FIGURES

http://scitation.aip.org.colelib-prxy.rh.edu/journals/doc/JAMCAV-ft/vol_71/iss_3/427_1.... 11/17/2008
Elastic-Plastic Stress Distribution in a Plastically Anisotropic Rotating Disk Page 2 of 8

1 Introduction

The dependence of stress distribution on the angular velocity in rotating disks is of significant
importance due to a large number of applications. The majority of the work in this area is based on the
assumption that the material is isotropic and obeys Tresca yield criterion with its associated flow rule
(see [1] and a review in this paper). A comparison of the solutions for elastic-plastic rotating solid and
annular disks based on Tresca and Mises yield criteria was given in [2]. In particular, the difference in
stress distribution calculated with those two criteria was discussed. The effect of yield criteria on the
stress distribution and limit angular velocity of a rotating disk with variable thickness was also
investigated in [3]. In [4][5], the influence of temperature fields on the development of plastic zones in
nonrotating thin disks was demonstrated. In particular, it appeared that the rise in temperature at which
the entire plate became plastic was very small for various plate geometries. Summarizing the results
obtained in [2][3][4][5] one may expect that deviations from isotropic material response can have a
significant effect on the development of plastic zones in thin rotating disks. Elastic solutions for solid
and annular rotating anisotropic disks were found in [6][7]. Plastic solutions for such disks are not
available, to the best of our knowledge. Among the various theories of anisotropic plasticity, the one
based on Hill's yield criterion and its associated flow rule, [8], is simplest and most popular. This yield
criterion is adopted in the present paper. An axisymmetric problem is formulated assuming that the
principal axes of anisotropy coincide with the radial and circumferential directions in plane of a thin disk
rotating about its axis. The edges of the disk are stress free, and stresses are continuous across the
elastic-plastic boundary. A semi-analytical solution is found under plane stress conditions.

2 Solution

Consider a circular disk of outer radius b and inner radius a rotating with an angular velocity about its
axis. The thickness of the disk is assumed to be small such that the plane state of stress can be adopted.
In a cylindrical coordinate system r z with its z-axis coinciding with the axis of rotation, there are only
two nonzero components of the stress tensor, r and . The elastic properties of the material are
assumed to be isotropic, and the elastic portion of the strain tensor obeys Hooke's law. In the cylindrical
coordinates chosen, Hill's yield criterion has the form

where G, H, F are constants which characterize the current state of material anisotropy. It is convenient
to rewrite (1) as

where

The only nontrivial equation of motion is

where the density of the material. The boundary conditions are

At small the entire disk is elastic. Since the elastic properties are assumed to be isotropic, the general
solution for stresses is well known (see, for example, [9]). Using (5) the distribution of stresses can be
found in the following form:

where is Poisson's ratio. Assume that yielding begins at the inner radius of the disk (it will be verified
a posteriori). Then, using (3) and taking into account that >0, the angular velocity at the initial
yielding, e, is obtained by substitution of (6) into (2)

If is higher than e, a plastic zone appears in the disk. The angular velocity at which the entire disk
becomes plastic will be denoted by p. In the range e<
< p the disk consists of an inner plastic zone
surrounded by an outer elastic zone. To find the distribution of stresses in the plastic zone, it is
convenient to introduce the following nondimensional quantities:

where c is the radius of the elastic-plastic boundary. Equation (2) is satisfied automatically by the
substitution

where is a function of . Substituting (9) into (4), with the use of (3), leads to the following ordinary
differential equation for :

The boundary condition to this equation follows from (5) at r = a and (9) in the form

at = q. The solution to (10) satisfying the boundary condition (11) can be obtained numerically and
gives as a function of . This function is not monotonic, attains its maximum at some value of
and, then, decreases. If the entire disk is plastic, then = /2 at =1, as follows from (5) at r = b and (9).
For a given value of q, it is clear from (10) that depends on and , = ( , ). Therefore, the
solution to the equation (1, p) = /2, if it exists, gives the value of p corresponding to p. The
variation of the nondimensional quantity ( p– e)/ e with q is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1.

Once the solution to (10) has been found, the distribution of stresses in the plastic zone q is
given by (9) with the use of (3). The general stress solution given in [9] is valid in the elastic region
1. Using the boundary condition (5) at r = b and notation (8) it may be rewritten as

where B is an arbitrary constant. For a given angular velocity in the range e<
< p the magnitudes of
and B can be determined from the condition of continuity of the stresses across the elastic-plastic

boundary. At = , it follows from (3), (9), and (12),

where is the value of at = and is a function of since the solution to (10) gives as a
function of . Equation (14) should be solved numerically to obtain as a function of . Then, B can
be found as a function of with the use of (13).

3 Numerical Results and Discussion

To illustrate the effect of plastic anisotropy on the development of the plastic zone some numerical
results are presented in this section. In all cases, =1/3. The solution for the isotropic material is
obtained as a particular case of the general solution found at F = G = H. In Figs. 1,2,3,4, the
corresponding calculations are illustrated by dashed lines. Four sets of anisotropic coefficients are
considered ([10][11]):

Note that the coefficients were measured for rolled sheets with straight principal axes of anisotropy. It is
clear that the disk under consideration cannot be made of such sheets. However, for illustrative purposes
it is possible to use the aforementioned coefficients for characterizing the level of anisotropy at each

point. Figure 2 shows the variation of the radius of elastic-plastic boundary, , with at q = 0.4.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate typical radial and circumferential stress distributions at =1.85 and q = 0.4,
respectively.

Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4.

There are two main conclusions to be made. First, the qualitative behavior of all curves is the same for
anisotropic and isotropic materials: the increase in the angular velocity from e to p is relatively small
(Fig. 1), and it tends to be smaller for the aluminum alloys of lower series. This is also illustrated in Fig.
2. Second, the anisotropic plastic properties have a significant effect on the size of the plastic zone and
the stress distributions (Figs. 3 and 4). It is expected that this effect may have an influence on residual
stress distributions, fatigue crack growth and other properties.

Acknowledgments

N.A. gratefully acknowledges support from the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal)
under grant SFRH/BPD/6549/2001.

Nomenclature

a, b = inner and outer radii of the disk, respectively

c = elastic-plastic boundary
p0 = modified tangential stress
q = ratio of the inner to outer radius of the disk
r z = cylindrical coordinate system
= nondimensional polar radius
= nondimensional radius of the elastic-plastic boundary
, 1 = plastic anisotropic parameters
= Poisson's ratio
= density of the material
r,
= components of the stress tensor in the cylindrical coordinate system
= function of r
= value of at =
= nondimensional parameter
= angular velocity
e = angular velocity at the initial yielding

p = angular velocity at which the entire disk becomes plastic

REFERENCES

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Reference Information) are available with your current login. Navigation of links may be more efficient
using a second browser window.

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