FLUID MECHANICS

FREE ONLINE REVIEW

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Problem Set:

1. What will be absolute pressure of water at a depth of 9 m from the free surface?
A. 88.131 kN/m2
B. 101.213 kN/m2
C. 189.344 kN/m2
D. Zero
2. Given a pressure head of 10 m of water column, what is the equivalent height of kerosene (specific
gravity = 0.8) column will be?
A. 12.5 m
B. 6.17 m
C. 10 m
D. 1.25 m

3. The pressure intensity at a point in a fluid is given 3.895 N/cm2. Find the corresponding height of fluid
when the fluid is (i) water (ii) oil of sp. Gravity of 0.8.
A. (i) 4 m; (ii) 8.25 m
B. (i) 3.5 m ; (ii) 5.62 m
C. (i) 4 m; (ii) 4.96 m
D. (i) 4 m; (ii) 8.11 m

4. Determine the specific gravity of a liquid having viscosity 0.06 poise and kinematic viscosity 0.025
stokes.
A. 2.4
B. 5.2
C. 3.2
D. 4.2
5. Find the kinematic viscosity of an oil having density 981 kg/m3. The shear stress at a point in oil is 0.245
N/m2 and velocity gradient at that point is 0.3 per second.
A. 7.25 stokes
B. 10.25 stokes
C. 8.32 stokes
D. 11.25 stokes

6. Oil (𝜇 = 0.44 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠) and (𝜌 = 888 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ) is filled in space between two parallel plates which are
18 mm apart. The upper plate is moving at a velocity of 4 m/s. What is the shear stress on the plate?
A. 97.8 Pa
B. 48.9 Pa
C. 79.8 Pa
D. 87.9 Pa
7. A piston of weight 21 lb slides downward in a lubricated pipe as shown in figure. The clearance between
piston and pipe is 0.001 in. If the piston decelerates at 2.1 ft/s 2 when the speed is 21 ft/s. What is the
viscosity of the oil?

6 in

5 in
A. 3.2 x 10-4 lb-s/ft2
B. 4.3 x 10-4 lb-s/ft2
C. 8.2 x 10-4 lb-s/ft2
D. 1.36 x 10-4 lb-s/ft2

8. A shaft 70.0 mm in diamter is being pushed at a speed of 400 mm/s through a bearing sleeve 70.2 mm
in diamter and 250 mm long. The clearance, assumed uniform is filled with oit at 20oC with 𝜇𝑘 = 0.005
m2/s and SG = 0.9. Find the force exerted by the oil on the shaft.
A. 987 N
B. 1025 N
C. 852 N
D. 625 N
9. A small drop of water at 80oF is in contact with the air and surface has a diameter of 0.0200 in. If the
pressure within the droplet is 0.082 psi greater than the atmosphere. What is the value of the surface
tension?
A. 0.00984 lb/ft
B. 0.00325 lb/ft
C. 0.00125 lb/ft
D. 0.00492 lb/ft

10. The surface tensions of mercury and water at 60oC are 0.47 N/m and 0.0662 N/m, respectively. What
capillary -height changes will occur in these two liquids when they are in contact with air in a glass tube of
radius 0.30 mm? Use in contact with air in a glass tube of radius 0.30 mm? Use 𝜃 = 130o for mercury, and
0o fro water; 𝛾𝐻𝑔 =132.3 kN/m3 for mercury, and 9.65 kN/m3 for water.
A. hHg = -15.2 mm and hH2O = 45.7 mm
B. hHg = -17.1 mm and hH2O = 41.4 mm
C. hHg = -12.2 mm and hH2O = 67.7 mm
D. hHg = -15.2 mm and hH2O = 38.7 mm
11. Mercury has an angle of contact equal to 140° with lime soda glass. A narrow tube of radius 1 mm,
made of this glass is dipped in a trough containing mercury. By what amount does the mercury dip down
in the tube relative to the liquid surface outside? Surface tension of mercury T=0.456 N/m; Density of
mercury ρ = 13.6 × 103 kg/m3.
A. -2.31 x 10-3 m
B. -5.34 x 10-3 m
C. -7.25 x 10-4 m
D. -6.89 x 10-4 m

12. At a depth of 7 km in the ocean, the pressure is 71.6 MPa. Assume a specific weight at the surface of
10.05 kN/m3 and an average bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.34 GPa for that pressure range. Find the
change in specific volume between the surface and 7 km.
A. -0.0000299 m3/kg
B. -0.0025212 m3/kg
C. -0.0032541 m3/kg
D. -0.0124121 m3/kg
13. A cylinder contains 12.5 ft3 of air at 120oF and 40 psia. The air is then compressed to 2.5 ft3. Assuming
isothermal conditions, what is the bulk modulus of elasticity?
A. 200 psi
B. 325 psi
C. 251 psi
D. 352 psi

14. A pressure gauge reads 57.4 kPa and 80 kPa respectively at heights of 8 m and 5 m on the side of a tank
filled with liquid. What is the approximate density of the liquid?
A. 401 kg/m3
B. 768 kg/m3
C. 325 kg/m3
D. 5252 kg/m3
15. The tank in the figure is at 20oC. If the atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa and the absolute pressure at
the bottom of tank is 231.3 kPa, what is the specific gravity of oil oil. Use g = 9.79 m/s2.
A. 1.39
B. 2.32 SAE 30
(SG = 0.89) 1.5 m
C. 4.25
D. 2.21 Water 2.5 m

Olive Oil 2.9 m

Mercury 0.4 m

16.A U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure in an oil pipe A as shown in the figure. The
specific gravity of oil of 0.8 and that of mercury is 13.6. The equivalent gage pressure is equal to
_________.
17.The left leg of a U-tube mercury manometer is connected to a pipeline conveying water, the level of
mercury in the leg being 0.6m below the center of pipeline, and the right leg is open to atmosphere. The
level of mercury in the right leg is 0.45 m above that in the left leg and the space above mercury in the
right leg contains Benzene (specific gravity 0.88) to a height of 0.3 m. Find the pressure in the pipe in
meters of water.

A. 5.784 m
B. 6.384 m
C. 4.476 m
D. 3.876 m

18.Two pipelines, one carrying oil (mass density = 900 kg/m3) and the other water, are connected to a
manometer as shown in the figure, By what amount the pressure in the water pipe should be increased so
that the mercury levels in both the limbs of the manometer become equal? (Mass density of mercury =
13,550 kg/m3 and g = 9.81 m/s2).
19. A block of wood with the dimensions 0.12 by 0.34 by 0.43 cubic meters floats along a river with the
broadest face facing down. The wood is submerged to a height of 0.053 meters. What is the mass of the
piece of wood?
A. 8.25 kg
B. 11.25 kg
C. 7.75 kg
D. 10.25 kg

20. A metallic body floats at the interface of mercury (specific gravity 13.6) and water such that 40% of
its volume is submerged in mercury and 60% in water. The density of the metal will be _________.
A. 4780 kg/m3
B. 6040 kg/m3
C. 3020 kg/m3
D. 8560 kg/m3
21. A circular area of a diameter 𝑑 is vertical and submerged in a liquid. Its upper edge is coincedent with
the liquid surface. What is the expression for the depth of its center of pressure?
A. 5𝑑/8
B. 3𝑑/8
C. 7𝑑/5
D 5𝑑/9

22. A fishpond gate of 6 ft wide and 9 ft high is hinged at the top and held closed by water pressure as
shown. What horizontal applied force 𝑃 at the bottom of the gate is required to open it?
 A. 30 252 lb
B. 24 605 lb
C. 36 523 lb
D. 23 587 lb

23. A 25 cm diameter pipe carries oil of specific gravity 0.9 at a velocity of 3 m/sec. At another section the
diameter is 20 cm. Determine the velocity and mass flow rate at this section.
A. 4.68 m/s ; 132.7 kg/s
B 5.25 m/s ; 145.1 kg/s
C. 6.28 m/s ; 132.3 kg/s
D. 4.68 m/s ; 125.2 kg/s
24. The minimum value of friction factor 𝑓 that can occur in laminar flow through a circular pipe is
___________.
A. 0.025
B. zero
C. 0.064
D. 0.032

24. Water flows through a 100 mm diameter pipe with a velocity of 0.015 m/s. If the kinematic viscosity
of water is 1.13 × 10-6 m2/s. The friction factor of the pipe material is _________.
A. 0.0015
B. 0.032
C. 0.037
D. 0.048

25.Two tanks containing an oil of 𝜌 = 950 kg/m3 and 𝜇 = 8 × 10-2 Pa-s are connected by a 15 cm diameter
pipeline of length 200 m. What will be the maximum difference in the elevation in the oil surfaces that
can exist while maintaining laminar flow in the pipe?
A. 27.42 m
B. 2.742 m
C. 4.113 m
D. 41.14 m
26. At two points 1 and 2 in a pipeline, the velocities are 𝑣 and 2 𝑣 respectively. Both the points are at
same elevation. The fluid density is 𝜌. The difference between pressure 1 and 2 is __________.
1
A. 𝜌𝑣 2
2
B. 2𝜌𝑣 2
3
C. 2 𝜌𝑣 2
D. 3𝜌𝑣 2

27. A Fire protection system is supplied from a water tower with a bent pipe as shown in figure. The pipe
friction 𝑓 is 0.03 and head loss of 25 m. Ignoring all minor losses, the maximum discharge 𝑄 in the pipe is
_________.

L=25 m
D = 100 mm

L=150 m
 A. 31.7 L/s
B. 24.0 L/s
C. 15.9 L/s
D. 12.0 L/s

28. An upward flow of oil (mass density 800 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity (0.8 kg/m – s) takes place under
laminar conditions in an inclined pipe of 0.1 m diameter as shown in the figure. The pressures at sections
1 and 2 are measured as P1 = 435 kN/m2 and P2 = 200 kN/m2. The volume flowrate at the pipe is equal to
________.

A. 0.100 m3/s
B. 0.127 m3/s
C. 0.144 m3/s
D. 0.161 m3/s
29. Water (𝛾𝑤 = 9.879 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) flows at a rate 0.3𝑚3 /𝑠 through a pipe 𝐴𝐵 of 10 m length and of
uniform cross-section. The end 𝐵 is above end 𝐴 and the pipe makes an angle of 30° to the horizontal. For
a pressure of 12 kN/m2 at the end 𝐵, the corresponding pressure at 𝐴 is _________.
A. 12.0 kN/m2
B. 17.0 kN/m2
C. 56.4 kN/m2
D. 61.4 kN/m2
30. A pitot static tube has coefficient of velocity 0.98, measures velocity of water in a pipe. The stagnation
pressure recorded is 3 m and static pressure 2 m. What is the actual velocity in pipe?
A. 4.429 m/s
B. 4.341 m/s
C. 4.431 m/s
D. Zero

31. A single pipe of length of 1500m and diameter of 60 cm connects to reservoirs having difference of 20
m in their water levels. The pipe is to be replaced by two pipes of the same length and equal diameter 𝑑
to convey 25% more discharge under the same head loss. If the friction factor is assumed to be the same
for all the pipes, the value of 𝑑 is approximately equal to which of the following options? Consider
turbulent flow.
A. 37.5 cm
B. 40.0 cm
C. 45.0 cm
D. 50.0 cm
32. A tank 1.5 m high stands on a trolley and is full of water. It has an orifice of diameter 0.1m at 0.3 m
from the bottom of the tank. If the orifice is suddenly opened with coefficient of discharge of the orifice
of 0.6. Determine the volume flow rate.
A. 0.152 m3/s and 69.25 N
B. 0.023 m3/s and 67.39 N
C. 0.252 m3/s and 75.23 N
D. 0.523 m3/s and 82.25 N

33. An aircraft is flying in level flight at a speed of 200 km/h through air (density, 𝜌 = 1.2 kg/m3, and
viscosity 𝜇 = 1.6 × 10-5 N-s/m2). The lift coefficient at this speed is 0.4 and the drag coefficient is 0.0065.
The mass of the aircraft is 800 kg. The effective lift area of the aircraft is ________.
A. 21.2m2
B. 10.6 m2
C. 2.2 m2
D. 1.1 m2