Simple Harmonic Motion 1.

Simple Harmonic Motion

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and (i) If n is an even interger (0, 2, 4......... etc)n force is
Acceleration is SHM, Energy of always along negative x-axis whether x is positive
SHM or negative Hence, the motion of the particle is not
1. PERIODIC MOTION : oscillatory. If the particle is released from any
When a body or a moving particle repeats its motion position on the x-axis (except x = 0) a force in – ve
along a definite path after regular intervals of time direction of x-axis acts on it and it moves
its motion is said to be Periodic Motion and interval rectilinearly along – ve x axis.
of time is called time period (T). The path of periodic (ii) If n is an odd integer (1, 3, 5 ........... etc), force is
motion may be linear, circular, elliptical or any other along – ve x-axis for x > 0 and along +ve x-axis for
curve. For example rotation of earth around the sun.
x < 0 and zero for x = 0. Thus the particle will
oscillate about stable equillibrium position x = 0. The
2. OSCILLATORY MOTION : force in this case is called the restoring force.
To and fro type of motion is called Oscillatory If n = 1 i.e., F = – kx the motion is said to be SHM
Motion. A particle has oscillatory motion when it (Simple Harmonic Motion)
moves about stable equilibrium position. It need not
If the restoring force / torque acting on the body in
be periodic and need not have fixed extreme
oscillatory motion is directly proportional to the
positions.
displacement of body / particle w.r.t. mean position
The oscillatory motions in which energy is conserved
and is always directed towards equillibrium position
are also periodic.For example motion of pendulum
then the motion is called Simple Harmonic motion.
of a wall clock.
It is the simplest form of oscillatory motion.
The force / torque (directed towards equillibrium
point) acting in oscillatory motion is called restoring
force/torque Damped Oscillations are those in 3. TYPES OF SHM :
which energy consumed due to some resistive forces (a) Linear SHM : When a particle moves to
and hence total mechanical energy decreases and
and fro about an equilibrium point, along a straight
after some time oscillation will stop.
line here A and B are extreme positions and M is
mean position so AM = MB = Amplitude.
Oscillatory Equation : Consider a particle
free to move on x-axis is being acted upon by a M
A B
force given by
F = – kxn (b) Angular SHM : When body/particle is
Above equation is called oscillatory equation. Here free to rotate about a given axis and executing
k is a positive constant and x is the displacement angular oscillations.
from mean position
Now following cases are possible depending on the
value of n.
4. ANALYSIS OF MOTION IN LINEAR SHM : towards A is decreasing in magnitude while its speed
When the particle is moved away from the mean increases and finally it comes to A with same speed
position or equillibrium position and released, a force v = v0.
(–kx) comes into play to pull it back towards mean
(3) Motion of a particle from A to C :
position. By the time it gets at mean position it has
picked up some kinetic energy and so it overshoots, The motion of a particle from A to C is qualitatively
stopping some where on the other side and it is again same as motion of a particle from A to B.
pulled back towards the mean position.
(4) Motion of a particle from C to A :
It is necessary to study the change in speed and
It is qualitatively same as motion of a particle from
acceleration of particle during SHM. Let us consider
B to A.
a particle whose position is x = 0 at t = 0 and v = v0.
Then we divide the motion of particle in one time Summary :
period in four parts.
Velocity Acceleration
Mean Motion
extreme Extreme (Direction/ (Direction/
position Position position from
Magnitude) Magnitude)
A  B V   a  
v=v0
A B  A V   a  
B
v=0 v=0 A  C V   a  
C C  A V   a  

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SHM :
Amplitude
x=0 t=0 (1) Mean Position : It is the position where net
x
force on the particle is zero.
(A) from A to B (B) from B to A
(2) Extreme Point : Point where speed of the
(C) from A to C (D) from C to A particle is zero.
(3) Displacement : It is defined as the distance
Note
of the particle from the mean position at that instant.
(4) Amplitude : It is the maximum value of
displacement of the particle from its mean position.
(1) Motion of a particle from A to B :
Extreme position – Mean position = Amplitude.
Initially the particle is at A (mean position) and is
moving towards +ve x direction with speed v0. As It depends upon the energy of the system.
the particle is moving towards B, force acting on it (5) Frequency : The frequency of SHM is equal
towards A is increasing. Consequently its to the number of complete oscillations per unit time.
acceleration towards A is increasing in magnitude
1 
while its speed decreases and finally it comes to f  sec –1 or Hz.
T 2
rest momentarily at B.
(6) Time Period : Smallest time interval after which
the oscillatory motion gets repeated is called time
(2) Motion of a particle from B to A :
period.
Now the particle starts moving towards A with initial
2
speed v = 0. As the particle is moving towards A, T=

force is acting on it towards A and decreasing as it
approaches A. Consequently its acceleration
 EXAMPLE 1 x=2 ;F=3 N

Describe the motion of a particle acted upon by a (away from M.P.)

force. Particle doesn't perform S.H.M.
(A) F = 3x + 3 (B) F = – 3x – 3
(C) F = – 3x + 3 (D) F = 3x – 3 6. EQUATION OF SIMPLE HARMONIC
Sol. (a) Given F = 3x + 3 ...(i) MOTION :
We find the mean position at which net force on The necessary and sufficient condition for SHM is
the particle is zero. F = – kx
 3x + 3 = 0 we can write above equation in the following way:
 x=–1 ma = – kx
If we put x = 0 in eq. (i) then
d 2x
m  –kx
dt 2
M.P.
d2 x k
x = –1  x  0 ...(1)
dt 2 m
Equation (1) is Double Differential Equation of
F = 3N (away from M.P.) ...(a) SHM.
Now put x = –2 in eq. (i)
d2x
F=– 3N (away from M.P.) ...(b) Now  2 x  0
dt 2
From (a) and (b) we conclude that particle doesn't
perform S.H.M. It's solution is x = A sin(t  )
(b) Given F = – 3x – 3 ...(i)
k
at M.P. F = 0 where  = angular frequency =
m
 x = –1
x = displacement from mean position
Now put x = 0 in eq. (i)
k = SHM constant.
 F = – 3N (towards M.P.)
The equality (t + ) is called the phase angle or
If x = – 2 ; F = 3N (towards M.P.)
simply the phase of the SHM and  is the initial
We conclude from the above calculation that in phase i.e., the phase at t = 0 and depends on initial
every case (whether the particle is left from M.P. position and direction of velocity at t = 0.
or right from M.P.) force acts towards M.P. so the
To understand the role of  in SHM, we take two
particle performs S.H.M.
particles performing SHM in the following condition:
(c) Given F = – 3x + 3
when F=0
v0 A
x = 1 (M.P.) x
–A M.P.
Now put x = 0
Then F = 3N (towards M.P.)
figure I
If x = 2 F = – 3 (towards M.P.)
i.e. particle performs S.H.M.
(D) Given F = 3x – 3
M.P. x
Mean position at x = 1. –A A

When x = 0 ; F = – 3N
(away from M.P.) figure II
 Suppose we choose t = 0 at an instant when the Sol. General equation of SHM can be written as
particle is passing through its mean position x = A sin (t + )
towards right (i.e.positive direction) as shown in At t = 0, x = A/2
figure Ist then
In figure I at t = 0 x=0 A
 = A sin 
i.e., x = A sin t 2
 The particle is at its mean position.   = 30° , 150°
In figure II at t=0 x = A and Also at t = 0, v = – ve
the particle is moving towards the mean position. A cos  = – ve   = 150°
i.e., x = A sin (t + /2)
Here /2 is the only phase possible.
7. VELOCITY :
It is the rate of change of particle displacement with
EXAMPLE 2 respect to time at that instant.
A particle starts from mean position and moves Let the displacement from mean position is given
towards positive extreme as shown below. Find the
by x = A sin (t + )
equation of the SHM. Amplitude of SHM is A.
t=0 dx
velocity v   A cos(t  )
–A O A dt
Sol. General equation of SHM can be written as x = A v = A cos (t + )
sin (t + )
v =  A2 – x2
At t = 0, x = 0
 0 = A sin  At mean position (x = 0), velocity is maximum.
  = 0,    [0, 2) Vmax =  A
Also; at t = 0, v = + ve At extreme position (x = A), velocity is minimum.
 A  cos  = + ve or, = 0 vmin = zero.
Hence, if the particle is at mean position at t = 0
and is moving towards +ve extreme, then the
7.1 Gra ph o f Ve locity (v) V /S
equation of SHM is given by x = A sin t.
Displacement (x) :
Similarly
for particle moving towards –ve extreme then v   A2 – x2 Velocity (v)
t=0
v 2  2 (A 2 – x 2 ) A
–A +A
= v 2  2 x 2  2 A 2
 equation of SHM is x = A sin (t + )
or, x = – A sin t v2 x2 –A A x
 1
2 A 2 A 2

EXAMPLE 3 Graph would be a half ellipse.

Write the equation of SHM for the situation shown
below : 8. ACCELERATION :
t=0 It is the rate of change of particle's velocity w.r.t.
–A O A/2 A time at that instant.
 dv d time, t 0 T/4 T/2 3T/4 T
Acceleration, a   [A cos( t  )]
dt dt
displacement, x 0 A 0 –A 0
a = – 2A sin (t + )
a = – 2 x Velocity, v A 0 A  0 A
acceleration, a 0 2 A 0 2A 0
Note

x T/4 T/2 3T/4 T 5T/4 3T/2

A
amin = zero
At extreme position (x = A), acceleration is maximum. t
|amax | = 2A –A
v
A
8.1 Gra ph o f Ac cele ration (A) v/s t
Displacement (x): –A
a
a 2 A
2 A t

A – 2 A
x
a = – 2x –A
1. All the three quantities displacement, velocity and
– 2 A
acceleration vary harmonically with time, having
same period.
2. The maximum velocity is  times the amplitude
(Vmax = A).
9. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
3. The acceleration is 2 times the displacement
OF DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY &
amplitude (amax = 2A).
ACCELERATION IN SHM:
4. In SHM, the velocity is ahead of displacement by
Displacement, x = A sin t

 a phase angle of .
Velocity, v = A  cos t = A  sin (t  ) 2
2
5. In SHM, the acceleration is ahead of velocity by
or v A –x 2 2

a phase angle of .
Acceleration, 2 2
a = –  A sin t =  A sin (t + ) 2
or a = – 2 x

EXAMPLE 4
Note The equation of particle executing simple harmonic
• v   A2  x2  
motion is x  (5m) sin ( s –1 )t  . Write down
 3 
the amplitude, time period and maximum speed. Also
These relations are true for any equation of x. find the velocity at t = 1 s.
Sol. Comparing with equation x = A sin (t + ), we see
that the amplitude = 5m,
Note
2 2
and time period =    s –1  2s

The maximum speed = A  = 5 m ×  s–1 = 5  m/s

dx
The veloity at time t  = A  cos (t + )
dt
At t = 1 s, EXAMPLE 6
A particle of mass 2 kg is moving on a straight line
  5 under the action force F = (8 – 2x) N. It is released
v = (5 m) ( s–1) cos      – m / s
 3 2
at rest from x = 6m.
EXAMPLE 5 (A) Is the particle moving simple harmonically?
A particle executing simple harmonic motion has (B) Find the equilibrium position of the particle.
angular frequency 6.28 s–1 and amplitude 10 cm.
(C) Write the equation of motion of the particle.
Find (a) the time period, (b) the maximum speed,
(c) the maximum acceleration, (d) the speed when (D) Find the time period of SHM.
the displacement is 6 cm from the mean position, Sol. F = 8 – 2x or F = –2(x – 4)
(e) the speed at t = 1/6 s assuming that the motion
for equilibrium position F = 0
starts from rest at t = 0.
 x = 4m is equilibrium position.
2 2
Sol. (a) Time period =  s = 1 s. Hence the motion of particle is SHM with force
 6.28
constant 2 and equilibrium position x =4.
(b) Maximum speed = A = (0.1m) (6.28 s–1)
(a) Yes, motion is SHM.
(c) Maximum acceleration = A2
= (0.1m) (6.28 s–1)2 = 4 m/s2 (b) Equilibrium position is x = 4m.

2 2
(c) At x = 6 m, particle at rest i.e. it is one of the
(d) v   A – x
extreme position. Hence amplitude is A = 2 m and
initially particle at the extreme position.
= (6.28 s–1) (10cm)2 – (6cm)2 = 50.2 cm/s.
 Equation of SHM can be written as
(e) At t = 0, the velocity is zero i.e., the particle is at
an extreme. The equation for displacement may be x – 4 = 2 cos t,
written as
k 2
x = A cos t. where     1 (sec)–1
m 2
The velocity is v = – A  sin t.
i.e. x = 4 + 2 cos t
1  6.28 
At t  s , v = – (0.1 m) (6.28 s ) sin 
–1

6  6  2
(d) Time period, T   2 sec.


= (–0.628 m/s) sin
3
= – 54.4 cm/s. (towards mean position)
10. S HM AS A P RO JECTIO N O F (4) Horizontal component of velocity of particle gives
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION. you the velocity of particle performing S.H.M. for
example
Consider a particle Q, moving on a circle of radius
A with constant angular velocity . The projection
of Q on a diameter BC is P. It is clear from the 0)
 t=
(a
t t)
figure that as Q moves around the circle the t t=
Q 0 Q t(a
projection P excecutes a simple harmonic motion
 v(t)
on the x-axis between B and C. The angle that the t (t  )
radius OQ makes with the +ve vertical in clockwise v  A
direction in at t = 0 is equal to phase constant ().
Let the radius OQ0 makes an angle t with the
OQt at time t. Then
–A A
x(t) = A sin (t + )

from figure
)
 t =0 v(t) = A  cos (t + )

0
(at t) (5) Component of acceleration of particle in horizontal
=
A Q at t direction is equal to the acceleration of particle
 (t
t Q performing S.H.M. The acceleration of a particle
B in uniform circular motion is only centripetal and
O P0 Pt C
x(t) has a magnitude a = 2 A.
From figure

Q0
t  
a(t) Qt  
  – (t  )
t 2 
–A (0,0) +A  A2

M.P.
x(t)

In the above discussion the foot of projection is

x-axis so it is called horizontal phasor. Similarly the a(t) = – 2A sin (t + )
foot of perpendicular on y axis will also executes
SHM of amplitude A and angular frequency  [y(t)
= Acos t]. This is called vertical phasor. The phaser EXAMPLE 7
of the two SHM differ by /2. A particle starts from A/2 and moves towards
Problem solving strategy in horizontal phasor: positive extreme as shown below. Find the equation
(1) First assume circle of radius equal to amplitude of of the SHM. Given amplitude of SHM is A.
S.H.M. O t=0
(2) Assume a particle rotating in a circular path moving –A A/2 +A
with constant  same as that of S.H.M in clockwise
Sol. We will solve the above problem with the help of
direction.
horizontal phasor.
(3) Angle made by the particle at t = 0 with the upper
vertical is equal to phase constant.
Step 1. Draw a perpendicular line in upward direction from (a) Find the equation of the SHM.
(b) Find the time taken by the particle to go directly
from its initial position to negative extreme.
T (c) Find the time taken by the particle to reach at
R
mean position.
A v(t)
Sol. Figure shows the solution of the problem with the
O' A/2 Q help of phasor
Horizontal component of velocity at Q gives the
S
v(t)
required direction of velocity at t = 0.
O P
–A (0,0) A/2 A
M.P.(at t=0) 3 / 2A 3 
In  OSQ cos     
A 2 6

point P on the circle which cuts it at point R & S

R

Step 2. Horizontal compoment of v(t) at R gives the direction 


P to A while at S gives P to O. So at t = 0 particle is S ( 3 / 2) A
O 
at R 

A
Step 3. In  O'RQ
Q
A/2
cos  =  60   = 30°
A
–A – 3 / 2 A (0,0) A

T R
3  8 4 
Now  –  
2 6 6 3
A
 So equation of SHM is

O'
Q  4 
A/2 x  A sin  t  
 3 

So equation of the SHM (b) Now to reach the particle at left extreme point
is x = A sin (t + 30°) it will travel angle  along the circle. So time taken.

  T
EXAMPLE 8 t   t sec
 6 12

– 3 (c) To reach the particle at mean position it will

A particle starts from point x  A and move
2   2
travel an angle  =  
towards negative extreme as shown 2 6 3

t=0  T
O  sec
So, time taken =
–A – 3 +A  3
A
2
 EXAMPLE 9 When they meet angular displacement of P is
Two particles undergoes SHM along parallel lines  = /2 + /4 = 3/4
with the same time period (T) and equal amplitudes. 3
At a particular instant, one particle is at its extreme So they will meet after time t 
4
position while the other is at its mean position. They
move in the same direction. They will cross each 3 3T
t T  sec
other after a further time. 4  2 8
B O A
EXAMPLE 10
B’ O’ A’
Two particles execute SHM of same amplitude of
(A) T/8 (B) 3T/8 20 cm with same period along the same line about
(C) T/6 (D) 4T/3 the same equilibrium position. If phase difference
Sol. This problem is easy to solve with the help of phasor is /3 then find out the maximum distance between
diagram. these two.
First we draw the initial position of both the particle Sol. Let us assume that one particle starts from mean
on the phasor as shown in figure. position and another starts at a distance x having 
= /3. This condition is shown in figure.

P

Q
P
/3


Q  A 3
2

B' II I A' at t = 0
–A A

From above figure phase difference between both –A x A

the particles is /2.
40cm
They will cross each other when their projection from
the circle on the horizontal diameter meet at one point. Fig(i)
Let after time t both will reach at P'Q' point having
phase difference /2 as shown in figure.
v(t)
Q'
A/2 A/2
A
A A
45º  /3
P /6
Q P
45º 

v(t) A
Q
P' A
B' IR A' after t = t A
–A II O +A Fig ii
–A / 2
Above figure shows the situation of maximum
Both will meet at –A / 2 distance between them.
So maximum distance = A = 10 cm. (as 2A = 20 cm)
EXAMPLE 11
1
  tan 1  
Two particles execute SHM of same time period 2
but different amplitudes along the same line. One
So time taken by the particle to cross each other
starts from mean position having amplitude A and
other starts from extreme position having amplitude angle travelled by A /2  
t  t
2A. Find out the time when they both will meet?  
Sol. We solve the above problem with the help of phasor
diagram.
EXAMPLE 12
First we draw the initial position of both the particle
Two particles have time periods T and 5T/4. They
on the phasor.
start SHM at the same time from the mean postion.
After how many oscillations of the particle having
(t=0)
smaller time period, they will be again in the same
A 
phase ?
A Sol. They will be again at m.p. and moving in same
B (t=0)
2A direction when the particle having smaller time

period makes n 1 oscillations and the other one
makes n2 oscillations.

5T
 n1T =  n2
4

–A O A n1 5

–2A O 2A n 2 4  n1 = 5, n2 = 4

From figure phase difference between both the

particle is /2. 11. ENERGY OF SHM :
They will meet each other when their projection 11.1 Kinetic Energy (KE):
from the circle on the horizontal diameter meet at
one point. 1 2 1
K.E. = mv = mA22 cos2(t + )
2 2

1 k
A'(t) = m 2 (A2 – x2)  2 =
 2 m

A E 90   F
1
 K.E = K(A 2 – x 2 )
2A 2
B'(t)
1
K.Emax = KA2 (at x = 0)
2
P Q
–A A
–2A 2A K.Emin = 0 (at x = A) ;
P' Q'

1 2
Now from figure: KE = kA ;
0–T 4
EF = A cos  = 2A sin 
1
1 KE  kA 2
tan  = 0–A
3
2
Frequency of KE = 2 × (frequency of SHM)
11.2 Potential Energy (PE): 1 1
m2 A 2  kA 2  E
Simple harmonic motion is defined by the equation 2 2
F = – kx

Energy
2
The work done by the force F during a displacement U = Umaxcos t
(i) 2
from x to x + dx is K = Kmaxsin t
dW = Fdx = – kx dx O t
The work done in a displacement from x = 0 to x is
Potential, Kinetic and total energy plotted as function
x
1 of time
W  ( kx)dx   kx 2
 Energy
0
2
2 2
E = 1/2m A = Constant
1
U( x)  m 2 x 2
kx K(x) 2
(ii) U(x)
1
M.P. x K( x )  m 2 ( A 2  x 2 )
dx 2
x= –A x=0 x=A x
Let U(x) be the potential energy of the system when Potential, Kinetic and total energy are plotted as a
the displacement is x. As the change in potential function of displacement from the mean position.
energy corresponding to a conservative force is the
negative of the work done by that force. EXAMPLE 13
1 2 A particle of mass 0.50 kg executes a simple
U(x) – UM.P. = – W = kx harmonic motion under a force F = – (50 N/m)x. If
2
it crosses the centre of oscillation with a speed of
Let us choose the potential energy to be zero when 10 m/s, find the amplitude of the motion.
the particle is at the mean position oscillation x = 0. Sol. The kinetic energy of the particle when it is at the
1 2 centre of oscillation is
Then UM.P. = 0 and U(x)  kx 1
2 E  mv 2 =
 k = m2 2
1
1 (0.50kg) (10 m / s) 2 = 2.5 J.
 U(x)  m2 x 2 2
2 The potential energy is zero here. At the maximum
1 displacement x = A, the speed is zero and hence
U= m2 A 2 sin 2 ( t  ) the kinetic energy is zero. The potential energy here
2
1 2
But x = A sin (t + ) is kA . As there is no loss of energy,,
2
Kinetic energy of the particle at any instant is
1 2
kA  2.5J
1 1 2
K mv 2  mA 22 cos 2 (t  )
2 2 The force on the particle is given by
1 F = – (50 N/m) x.
 m2 (A 2  x 2 )
2 Thus the spring constant is k = 50 N/m.
So the total mechanical energy at time ‘t’ is Equation (i) gives
1 1 1
E=U+K E m2 A 2 (50 N / m)A 2  2.5J or, A= m.
2 2 10

Note
Note
1.12 Theory and Exercise Book

Section B – Time period and Angular Step 4. Write down the net force on the particle in the
frequency in SHM displaced position.
From the above figure.
1. METHOD TO DETERMINE TIME
Fnet = mg – k (x + x0) ...(2)
P ERIO D AND ANGULAR
Step 5. Now try to reduce this net force equation in the
FR EQ UENCY IN S IMP LE
form of F = – kx (in linear S.H.M.) or  = – k (in
HARMONIC MOTION :
angular SHM) using mean position force relation in
To understand the steps which are usually followed step 2 or binomial theorem.
to find out the time period we will take one example.
from eq. (2) Fnet = mg – kx – kx0
Using eq (i) in above equation
EXAMPLE 14 Fnet = – kx ...(3)
A mass m is attached to the free Equation (3) shows that the net force acting towards
end of a massless spring of spring mean position and is proportional to x, but in this
constant k with its other end fixed S.H.M. constant KS.H.M. is replaced by spring
to a rigid support as shown in constant k. So
figure. Find out the time period of
the mass, if it is displaced slightly m m
T  2  2
by an amount x downward. m KS.H.M. k
Sol. The following steps are usually followed in this
method:
Step 1. Find the stable equillibrium position which is usually
known as the mean position. Net force or torque
on the particle at this position is zero. Potential
energy is minimum.
In our example initial position is the mean position.

n. k
m

m F0
x0

Natural Length M.P.
x0
kx0 x k(x+x0)  m
m m In above both cases T =  2 k 
Mean Position  
mg mg

Step 2. Write down the mean position force relation. In

above figure at mean position EXAMPLE 15

kx0 = mg ...(1) The string, the spring and

the pulley shown in figure
Step 3. Now displace the particle from its mean position by
are light.
a small displacement x (in linear SHM) or angle 
(in case of an angular SHM) as shown in figure. Find the time period of
k m
the mass m.
Sol. Let in equilibrium position of the block, extension in Case (a)
spring is x0.
 kx0 = mg ...(1)
n.

kx 0 x kx 0
x0  x0
2

x/2
Natural length T0
T0
x0 m
m T
k Equilibrium position x T
x mg m
m
mg

Now if we displace the block by x in the downward

When equillibrium When displaced block by 'x'
direction, net force on the block towards mean
position is In equilibrium T0 = mg and kx0 = 2T0
 kx0 = 2mg ...(1)
F = k (x + x0) – mg = kx using (1)
If the mass m moves down a distance x from its
Hence the net force is acting towards mean position equilibrium position then pulley will move down by
and is also proportional to x. So, the particle will
x kx
perform S.H.M. and its time period would be . So the extra force in spring will be . From
2 2
m figure
T  2
k k x
Fnet = mg – T = mg –  x0  
2 2
EXAMPLE 16
Figure shows a system consisting of a massless kx 0 kx
Fnet = mg – 
pulley, a spring of force constant k and ablock of 2 4
mass m. If the block is slightly displaced vertically from eq. (1)
down from its equillibrium position and then released,
–kx
find the period of its vertical oscillation in cases (a) Fnet = ...(3)
4
& (b).
Now compare eq. (3) with F = – KS.H.M x
K
then KS.H.M =
4
k
k
m 4m
 T  2  2
K S.H.M K

Case (b) :
m
m In this situation if the mass m moves down distance
(a) (b) x from its equilibrium position, then pulley will also
move by x and so the spring will stretch by 2x.
Sol. Let us assume that in equillibrium condition spring
is x0 elongate from its natural length
 EXAMPLE 18

The system is in equilibrium and at rest. Now mass

x0 x0+2x
m1 is removed from m2. Find the time period and
2x amplitude of resultant motion. (Given : spring
T0
m constant is K.)
x T
mg m Sol. Initial extension in the spring
mg

(m1  m 2 )g
T mg x
At equilibrium kx0 = 0  k
2 2
When block is displaced
Fnet = mg – T = mg – 2k (x0 + 2x) = – 4 kx
Now F = – KSHM x
N.L m 2g
then KSHM = 4 K (m1  m 2 )g K
K E.P
m1g
m m1 K
So time period T  2  m2 m2
4k

Now, if we remove m1. equillibrium position (E.P.)

EXAMPLE 17
m 2g
The left block in figure collides inelastically with of m2 will be below natural length of spring.
K
the right block and sticks to it. Find the amplitude of
the resulting simple harmonic motion. At the initial position, since velocity is zero i.e.

v it is the extreme position.

m m k
m1g
Hence Amplitude =
K
Sol. The collision is for a small interval only, we can
apply the principal of conservation of momentum. m2
Time period = 2
K
v
The common velocity after the collision is . The
2

1
2 EXAMPLE 19
v 1
kinetic energy  (2m)    mv2. This is also
2 2 4 Block of mass m2 is in equilibrium and at rest. The

the total energy of vibration as the spring is mass m 1 moving with velocity u vertically
unstretched at this moment. If the amplitude is A, downwards collides with m2 and sticks to it. Find
the energy of oscillation.
1 2
the total energy can also be written as kA . Sol. At equilibrium position m2g = kx0
2
m2 g
1 2 1 m  x0 =
Thus, kA  mv 2 , giving A  v K
2 4 2k
 EXAMPLE 20
A body of mass m falls from a height h on to the
pan of a spring balance. The masses of the pan and
N.L. spring are negligible. The spring constant of the
spring is k. Having stuck to the pan the body starts
x0 m1 u
performing harmonic oscillations in the vertical
v direction. Find the amplitude and energy of
m2 m1 +m2
oscillation.
After collision m2 sticks to m1. Sol. Suppose by falling down through a height h, the mass
 By momentum conservation. m compresses the spring balance by a length x.

m1u = (m1 + m2) v mg k

x= ,=
k m
m1u
v= m m
1 2
velocity at Q v= 2gh
Now both the blocks are executing S.H.M. which
can be interpreted as follows:  v =  A2  x 2

N.L. v
2
k  mg 
2gh  A2   
m.p. m  k 

m 2g m1g mg 2 kh
 A 1
K K k mg
Now, we know that v2 = 2(A2 – x2) ...(1)
Energy of oscillation
k
2
2 = m  m 1 2 1  mg   2kh  (mg) 2
1 2  kA  k    1  mg   mgh  2 k
2 2  k   
m1g
 x=
k
EXAMPLE 21
Put the values of v, 2 & x in eq. (1)
A body of mass 2m is
2 2 connected to another body
 m1u   k   2  m1g  
    A –    of mass m as shown in
 m1  m 2   m1  m 2    k  
figure. The mass 2m 2m
performs vertical S.H.M.
 m12 u 2   m1g 2  Then find out the
 kA =  m  m    k  
2
maximum amplitude of
 1 2    
2m such that mass m
1 2 doesn't
 Energy of oscillation = kA m
2 lift up from the ground.
Sol. In the given situation 2m mass is in equilibrium
1  m12 u 2   m12 g 2   condition.
= 2  m  m    k  
 1 2    Let assume spring is compressed x0 distance from
its natural length.
  kx0 = 2mg N.L. N.L of spring

2mg x0 2mg
 x0   x0
k 2m M.P. m k
kx0 m eq. position (M.P.)
The lower block will be lift Kx0
up, only in the case when
the spring force on it will
be greater than equal to
kx0
mg and in upward m
direction
2mg
 kx' = mg So maximum possible amplitude = x0 =
k
mg
 x'  A Note
k 2m
x'=mg/k
Above situation arises N.L.
kx'
2mg
when 2m block moves k
M.P.
upward mg/k from Section C – Two block system
natural kx'
1. Two Block Systems:
m
length as shown in figure
EXAMPLE 23
Block m doesn't lift up if the maximum amplitude Two blocks of mass m1 and m2 are connected with a
of the 2m block is spring of natural length l and spring constant k. The
system is lying on a smooth horizontal surface. Initially
2mg mg 3mg
   spring is compressed by x0 as shown in figure.
k k k
Show that the two blocks will perform SHM about
their equilibrium position. Also (a) find the time
EXAMPLE 22 period, (b) find amplitude of each block and (c)
length of spring as a function of time.
A block of mass m is at
  x0
rest on the another block
m k
of same mass as shown in m1 m2
m
figure. Lower block is
Sol. (a) Here both the blocks will be in equilibrium at
attached to the spring then
the same time when spring is in its natural length.
determine the maximum K
Let EP1 and EP2 be equilibrium positions of block
amplitude of motion so
A and B as shown in figure.
that both the block will
EP1 EP2
remain in contact. 

Sol. The blocks will remain in contact till the blocks do k

m1 m2
not go above the natural length of the spring, because
after this condition the deceleration of lower block Let at any time during oscillations, blocks are at a
becomes more then upper block due to spring force. distance of x1 and x2 from their equilibrium positions.
So they will get seprated.
EP1 EP2
x1 x2
k
m1 m2
 As no external force is acting on the spring block (c) Let equilibrium position of 1st particle be origin, i.e.,
system x = 0.
 (m1 + m2)xcm = m1x1 – m2x2 = 0 x co-ordinate of particles can be written as
or m1x1 = m2x2 x1 = A1 cost and x2 =  – A2cost
For 1st particle, force equation can be written as Hence, length of spring can be written as :

d 2 x1 EP1 EP2
k(x1 + x2) = –m1
dt 2 

 m  m1 m2
or, k  x1  1 x1   –m1a1
 m 2 
x=0

k(m1  m 2 )
or, a1  – x1 length = x2 – x1
m1m 2
=  – (A1 + A2)cost

k(m1  m 2 )
 2 
m1m 2
Note

m1m 2 
Hence, T = 2   2
k(m1  m 2 ) K

m1m 2 Section D – Combination of springs

where   (m  m ) which is known as reduced
1 2 COMBINATION OF SPRINGS :
mass 1. Series Combination :
(b) Let the amplitude of blocks be A1 and A2. Total displacement x = x1 + x2
m1A1 = m2A2 Tension in both springs = k1x1 = k2x2
By energy conservation ;

1 1
k(A1  A 2 ) 2  kx 02 k1 k2
2 2
m
or, A1 + A2 = x0
or, A1 + A2 = x0
 Equivalent constant in series combination
m Keq is given by :
or, A1  1 A1  x 0
m2 1/keq = 1/k1 + 1/k2

m2x 0 m
or, A1  Similarly,  T  2
m1  m 2 k eq

m1x 0 In series combination, tension is same in all the

A2 = m  m springs & extension will be different. (If k is same
1 2
then deformation is also same)
2. Parallel combination : Case (b)
Extension is same for both springs but force acting If the block is displaced slightly by an amount x
will be different. then both the spring are displaced by x from their
Force acting on the system = F natural length so it is parallel combination of springs.

 F = – (k1x + k2x)  F = – (k1 + k2) x which gives

 F = – keqx keq = k1 + k2

k1 m m
T  2  2
k eq k1  k 2
k2 m

Note
 keq = k1 + k2

m
 T  2
k eq

EXAMPLE 24
Find the time period of the oscilltion of mass m in EXAMPLE 25
figure a and b. What is the equivalent spring constant The friction coefficient between the two blocks
of the spring in each case. ? shown in figure is  and the horizontal plane is
smooth.
k1 k2 k1 k2 (a) If the system is slightly displaced and released,
k3 m m
m find the time period.
(b) Find the magnitude of the frictional force
(a) (b)
between the blocks when the displacement from
Sol. In figure (a) the mean position is x.

k1k 2 (c) What can be the maximum amplitude if the

k1 k2 k1  k 2 upper block does not slip relative to the lower

block?

Which gives
k 1k 2 m
k
k1  k 2 M
k1k 2
+ k3
 k1  k 2
Sol. (a) For small amplitude, the two blocks oscillate
k3 together.
The angular frequency is
k1k 2 k1k 2  k 2 k 3  k1k 3
keq = k  k  k 3 = k1  k 2 k
1 2  and so the time period
Mm

Now m m(k1  k 2 ) Mm

T  2  2 T  2
k eq k1k 2  k 2 k 3  k1k 3 k
 (b) The acceleration of the blocks at Step 1. Find the mean position. In following figure point A
displacement x from the mean position is shows mean position.
Step 2. Write down the mean position force relation from
 –kx 
a  – 2 x    figure.
Mm
mg = kx0
The resultant force on the upper block is,

 –mkx 
therefore, ma =   T=mg
Mm
T=kx0
This force is provided by the friction of the T
T
lower block. Hence, the magnitude of the x0 A
m M.P.
N.L.
 mk | x | 
frictional force is   mg
Mm

(c) Maximum force of friction required for

simple harmonic motion of the upper block Step 3. Assume that particle is performing SHM with
mkA amplitude A. Then displace the particle from its
is at the extreme positions. But the mean position.
Mm
maximum frictional force can only be  mg. Step 4. Find the total mechanical energy (E) in the displaced
Hence position since, mechanical energy in SHM remains
dE
mkA (M  m)g constant 0
 mg or, A dt
Mm k
1 1 1
* E= mv 2  I2  k(x  x 0 ) 2 – mgx
3. ENERGY METHOD : 2 2 2

Another method of finding time period of SHM is

1 1 v2 1
energy method. To understand this method we will E= mv 2  I 2  k(x  x 0 ) 2 – mgx
2 2 R 2
consider the following example.
dE 2mv dv 2Iv dv 2k(x  x 0 ) dx
  
EXAMPLE 26 dt 2 dt 2R 2 dt 2 dt

Figure shows a system consisting of pulley having

dx
radius R, a spring of force constant k and a block – mg ...(1)
dt
of mass m. Find the period of its vertical oscillation.
dx dv d 2 x
Put  v and 
dt dt dt 2
in eq. (1) put

K dE
m 0
dt

d 2 x Iv d 2x
Sol. The following steps are usually followed in this  mv   kxv  kx 0 v  mgv  0
dt 2 R 2 dt 2
method:
  I  d 2x d2 K
which gives  m  2  2  kx  0  2   0 Here 
 R  dt dt 2 I

Here I is moment of inertia of the body/particle about

d2 x k ...(2) a given axis.
 x0
dt 2  I 
 m  
 R2  Note

Section F – Simple Pendulum

v
 1. SIMPLE PENDULUM :
R
If a heavy point-mass is suspended by a weightless,
inextensible and perfectly flexible string from a rigid
support, then this arrangement is called a simple
x+x0 G.P.E=0 penduluml.
x
n.
m 
v Time period of a simple pendulum T  2  .
g

O
compare eq. (2) with S.H.M eq. the  

k m n   mgcos
2  (m  I / R 2 )
I  si mg
  T  2 mg
m  2  k
 R 
(some times we can take g =  2 for making
calculation simple)
Proof : Now taking moment of forces acting on the bob
Note
about point O.
 = T + mg
T = 0
  = –(mg sin )
Section E – Angular SHM
1. ANGULAR S.H.M. : if  is very small then sin  ~– 
If the restoring torque acting on the body in oscilla-   = – mg   ...(1)
tory motion is directly proportional to the angular Now compare eq. (1) with
displacement of body from its equillibrium position
net = – KS.H.M 
i.e.,
which gives KS.H.M = mg 
=–k
k = S.H.M. constant I m 2 
 T  2  2  2
 = angular displacement from M.P. KS.H.M mg g
S.H.M. equation is given by
 EXAMPLE 28
Note
A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of
• Time period of second pendulum is 2 seconds. a car which is accelerating uniformly on a horizontal
• Simple pendulum performs angular S.H.M. but due road. The acceleration of car is a0 and the length of
to small angular displacement, it is considered as the pendulum is 1. Then find the time period of small
linear S.H.M. oscillations of pendulum about the mean position.
• If time period of clock based upon simple pendulum Sol. We shall work in the car frame. As it is accelerated
increases then clock will become slow but if time with respect to the road, we shall have to apply a
period decreases then clock will become fast. psuedo force ma0 on the bob of mass m.
For mean position, the acceleration of the bob with
respect to the car should be zero. If 0 be the angle
made by the string with the vertical, the tension,
2. TIME PER IOD O F S IMP LE
weight and the peusdo force will add to zero in this
PENDULUM IN ACCELERATING
position.
REFERENCE FRAME : Hence, resultant of mg and ma 0 (say F =
 m g 2  a 02 ) has to be along the string.
T  2
g eff . where
ma 0 a 0
 tan 0  
geff = Effective acceleration due to gravity in mg g
  Now, suppose the string is further deflected by an
reference system = | g – a |
angle  as shown in figure.

a = acceleration of the point of suspension w.r.t. Now, restoring torque about point O can be given
ground. by   I
Condition for applying this formula : (F sin )  = – m 2 
  Substituting F and using sin  = , for small .
| g – a | = constant
O


If the acceleration a is upwards, then  
0
ma0
 
| g eff | g  a and T  2 
ga F mg

Time lost or gained in time t is given by

T
m g 2  a 20    = – m 2

T '  .t
T
g 2  a 02
or, – 
EXAMPLE 27 
If T = 2 sec Tnew = 3 sec.
g 2  a 20
then T = 1 sec. so ; 2 

Since time lost by clock in 3 sec is = 1 sec
This is an equation of simple harmonic motion with
1 time period.
then time lost by clock in 1 sec = sec
3 2 
T  2 2
 (g  a 02 )1/ 4
1
 Time lost by the clock in an hour =  3600
3
Note
= 1200 sec.
Section G – Compound pendulum / physical Sol. Time period of second pendulum T = 2 cm.
pendulum, Torsional pendulum
I
T  2
1. CO MP O UND P ENDULUM / Mgd
PHYSICAL PENDULUM :
Moment of inertia with respect to axis O
When a rigid body is suspended from an axis and
×
s s
× × R


 M
C.O.M
c
c
mg sin 

mg mg cos  I = MR2 + MR2 = 2MR2

made to oscillate about that then it is called the distance between centre of mass and the axis
compound pendulum. O
C = Position of centre of mass d=R
S = Point of suspension
 = Distance between point of suspension and centre 2MR 2
2  2  R = 0.5 m
of mass MgR
(it remains constant during motion for small angular
displacement "" from mean position
EXAMPLE 30
The restoring torque is given by
A circular disc has a tiny hole in it, at a distance z from
 = – mg  sin 
its center. Its mass is M and radius R(R > 2). Horizontal
 = – mg   shaft is passed through the hole and held fixed so that
 for small , sin  =  the disc can freely swing in the vertical plane. For
or, I = – mg   small distrubance, the disc performs SHM whose time
where, I = Moment of inertia about point of period is minimum for z . Find the value of z.
suspension.
I
Sol. The time period w.r.t the axis T  2 
mg Mgd
or, a= – 
I
where I = moment of inertia w.r.t the axis O
mg d = distance between C.O.M and O
or, 2 
I

×O
I z
Time period, T  2 
mg M
R C.O.M

EXAMPLE 29
A ring is suspended at a point on its rim and it
MR 2
behaves as a second's pendulum when it oscillates  I=  Mz 2
such that its centre move in its own plane. The radius 2
of the ring would be (g = 2) d=z
 l
MR 2 = – (2kl ) l – mg sin  = net
 Mz 2 R2 z 2
 T  2 2  2 
Mgz 2gz g  is small  sin  

the time period will be minimum when l

net = – I 2 = – (2kl ) l – mg sin  = net
2
R2
 z = minimum
2z ml 2 3 (4kl  mg)
I=  =
3 2 ml
R2
Let say f  z
2z
2. TORSIONAL PENDULUM :
df In torsional pendulum, an extended object is
f will be minimum when 0
dz suspended at the centre by a light torsion wire. A
torsion wire is essentially inextensible, but is free to
R2 z
R twist about its axis. When the lower end of the wire
 – 1  0 
2z 2 2 is rotated by a slight amount, the wire applies a
restoring torque causing the body to oscillate
rotationally when released.
EXAMPLE 31
The restoring torque produced is given by
Find out the angular frequency of small oscillation
about axis O

A

m C A C
l X X

 = – C
k k where, C = Torsional constant
or, I = – C
where, I = Moment of inertia about the vertical
axis.

C
m l
or, = – 
 I
(1) l
(2)
Sol. mg I
k
 Time Period, T  2 
k C
(k l ) (k l )
l : The above concept of torsional pendulum is used in
inertia table to calculate the moment of inertia of
The compression in spring (1) = l  unknown body.
and the extension in spring (2) = l 
Net torque opposite to the mean position
EXAMPLE 32 Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
A uniform disc of radius 5.0 cm and mass 200 g is 1. VECTOR METHOD OF COMBINING
fixed at its centre to a metal wire, the other end of TW O OR MO R E S IMP LE
which is fixed to a ceiling. The hanging disc is rotated HARMONIC MOTIONS:
about the wire through an angle and is released. If
A simple harmonic motion is produced when a force
the disc makes torsional oscillations with time period
(called restoring force) proportional to the
0.20 s, find the torsional constant of the wire.
displacement acts on a particle. If a particle is acted
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. The moment of upon by two such forces the resultant motion of the
inertia of the disc about the wire is particle is a combination of two simple harmonic
motions.
mr 2 (0.200kg)(5.0  10 –2 m)2
I 
2 2 (i) In Same direction :

= 2.5 × 10–4 kg-m2. (a) Having same Frequencies:

The time period is given by Suppose the two individual motions are represented
by,
x1 = A1 sin t and x2 = A2 sin (t + )
Both the simple harmonic motions have same
angular frequency .
x = x1 + x2 = A1 sin t + A2 sin (t + )
= A sin (t + )
I
T  2 Here, A  A12  A22  2A1A 2 cos 
C


4 2 I A2 
or, C A
T2
A 2 sin 
4 2 (2.5  10 –4 kg  m 2 )
= 
(0.20s)2 
 A 2 cos 
A1
2
kg  m
= 0.25
s2 A2 sin 
and tan  = A  A cos 
1 2

Note
Thus, we can see that this is similar to the vector
addition. The same method of vector addition can
be applied to the combination of more than two
simple harmonic motions.
 Import ant poin ts t o re member
before solving the questions:
1. Convert all the trignometric ratios into sine form 10
and ensure that t term is with +ve sign.
2. Make the sign between two term +ve. 60°
5
3. A1 is the amplitude of that S.H.M whose phase is
Phasor Diagram
small.
4. Then resultant x = Anet sin (phase of A1 + ) A  52  102  2  5  10cos60
Where Anet is the vector sum of A1 & A2 with angle
= 25  100  50  175 = 5 7
between them is the phase difference between two
S.H.M.
EXAMPLE 35
EXAMPLE 33 A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic
x1 = 3 sin t ; x2 = 4 cos t Find motions
(i) amplitude of resultant SHM. x1 = A1 sin t
(ii) equation of the resultant SHM. and x2 = A2 sin (t + /3). Find
Sol. First right all SHM's in terms of sine functions with (a) the displacment at t = 0,
positive amplitude. Keep "t" with positive sign. (b) the maximum speed of the particle and
 x1 = 3 sin t (c) the maximum acceleration of the particle.
x2 = 4 sin (t + /2) Sol. (a) At t = 0, x1 = A1 sin t = 0
and x2 = A2 sin (t + /3)
2 2 
A  3  4  2  3  4cos
2 A2 3
= A2 sin (/3) =
2
= 9  16 = 25 = 5
Thus, the resultant displacement at t = 0 is

4sin 3
2 4 x = x1 + x2 = A2
tan    2
 3  = 53°
3  4cos
2 (b) The resultant of the two motion is a simple
harmonic motion of the same angular frequency .
equation x = 5 sin (t + 53°)
The amplitude of the resultant motion is

A  A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos(  / 3)

EXAMPLE 34

x1 = 5 sin (t + 30°) ; x2 = 10 cos (t) = A12  A 22  A1A2

Find amplitude of resultant SHM.
The maximum speed is
Sol. x1 = 5 sin (t + 30°)
umax = A  =  A12  A 22  A1A 2

x2 = 10 sin (t + )
2 (c) The maximum acceleration is

amax = A 2 = 2 A12  A 22  A1A 2

 (b) Having different frequencies
x1 = A1 sin t
x2 = A2 sin 2t
then resultant displacement x = x1 + x2 = A1 sin 1t
+ A2 sin 2t This resultant motion is not SHM.

(ii) In two perpendicular directions

x = A1 sin t ...(1)
y = A2 sin (t + ) ...(2)
A2
The Amplitudes A1 and A2 may be different and  y = A .x (eq. of straight line)
1
Phase difference  and  is same.
So equation of the path may be obtained by (2) If  = 90°
eliminating t from (1) & (2)
x2 y2
  1 (Eq. of ellipse)
x A12 A22
sin t = A ...(3)
1

x2 A2
cos t = 1– ...(4)
A12
A1

(3) If  = 90° & A1 = A2 = A

then x2 + y2 = A2 (Eq. of circle.)

A
On rearranging we get

x2 y 2 2xycos 
2
 2  sin 2  ...(5)
A1 A 2 A1A 2
The above figures are called Lissajous figures.
(general eq. of ellipse)
special case :
Note
(1) If  = 0

x2 y2 2xy
 2
 2 0
A1 A 2 A1A 2
 MIND MAP

1. Equation of S.H.M
(i) Linear : a = –2x
(ii) Angular :  = – 2

2. Linear SHM 3. Angular S.H.M

(i) Displacement of particle :
x = A sin (t + ) (i) Displacement :
(ii) Velocity  = 0 sin(t + )
dx
= A cos(t + ) (ii) Angular velocity
dt
d
=  A 2 – x2 = 0 cos(t + )
dt
(iii) Acceleration :
(iii) Acceleration
2
d x d2 
2 = – A2 sin( t + )    0  2 sin(t  )   2 
dt dt 2
= –  2x (iv) Phase : t + 
(iv) Phase : t + 
(v) Phase constant :  (v) Phase constant : 

5. Time Period :
4. Energy in S.H.M Pendulums :
1 (a) Simple pendulum :
(i) K = m  2 ( A 2 – x2 )
2 l
T  2
SHM g
1 (b) Physical pendulum :
(ii) U = m2x2
2
I
T  2
1 mg l
(iii) E = K + U = m2 A2 (c) Torsional pendulum :
2
= constant I
T  2
C

6. Mass-spring system Combination of springs : 7. Composition of 2 SHMs :

x1 = A1 sin t
(a) T  2 m 1 1 1
k (a) series :   x2 = A2 sin (t + )
K eff K 1 K 2
(b) Two bodies system : x = x1 + x2
(b) parallel : Keff = K1 + K2 x = A sin ( t + )

T  2 ; (c) Spring cut into two
k where, A  A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos 
parts m : n
m1 m 2 (m  n)K (m  n)K A 2 sin 
where   m  m K1  ,K 2  and tan  
1 2 m n A 1  A 2 cos 
Exercise - 1 Objective Problems | JEE Main

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and 7. A particle of mass 1 kg is undergoing S.H.M., for
Acceleration in SHM, Energy of which graph between force and displacement (from
SHM mean position) as shown. Its time period, in
1. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion, seconds, is. F(N)
the acceleration is proportional to. (A) /3 13.5
(A) displacement from the mean position (B) 2/3 1.5
–1.5 xm
(B) distance from the mean position –13.5
(C) /6
(C) distance travelled since t = 0
(D) 3/
(D) speed

2. The distance moved by a particle in simple harmonic 8. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic
motion in one time period is motion is equal to the time between consecutive
(A) A (B) 2A appearance of the particle at a particular point in its
(C) 4A (D) zero motion. This point is
(A) the mean position
2
3. Equations y = 2 A cos t and y = A(sin t + 3 (B) an extreme position
cost) represent the motion of two particles. (C) between the mean position and the positive
(A) Only one of these is S.H.M extreme.
(B) Ratio of maximum speeds is 2 : 1 (D) between the mean position and the negative
(C) Ratio of maximum speeds is 1 : 1 extreme.
(D) Ratio of maximum accelerations is 1:4

4. A particle executes S.H.M. given by the equation y

= 0.45 sin 2t where y is in meter and t is in second. Section B – Time period and angular
What is the speed of the particle when its frequency in SHM
displacement is 7.5 cm? 9. A simple harmonic motion having an amplitude A
(A) 0.075 3 ms–1 (B) 7.5 3 ms–1 and time period T is represented by the equation :

(C) 0.15 3 ms–1 (D) 15 3 ms–1 y = 5 sin(t + 4) m

Then the values of A (in m) and T (in sec) are :
5. The maximum displacement of a particle executing (A) A = 5; T = 2 (B) A = 10 ; T = 1
S.H.M. is 1 cm and the maximum acceleration is (C) A = 5 ; T = 1 (D) A = 10 ; T = 2
(1.57)2cm per sec2. Then the time period is
(A) 0.25 sec (B) 4.00 sec
10. A simple pendulum performs S.H.M. about x = 0
(C) 1.57 sec (D) (1.57)2 sec
with an amplitude a and time period T. The speed
of the pendulum at x = a/2 will be–
6. The angular frequency of motion whose equation

d2 y a 3 a 3
is 4 + 9y = 0 is (y = displacement and t = time) (A) (B)
dt 2 T 2T

9 4 3 2 a 32a
(A) (B) (C) (D) (C) (D)
4 9 2 3 T T
11. A particle performing SHM is found at its equilibrium Section C – Two block system
at t = 1 sec. and it is found to have a speed of 0.25
m/s at t = 2 sec. If the period of oscillation is 6 sec. 17. Two masses m1 and m2 are suspended together by
Calculate amplitude of oscillation a massless spring of constant K. When the masses
3 3 are in equilibrium, m1 is removed without disturbing
(A) m (B) m
2 4 the system. Then the angular frequency of
6 3
(C) m (D) oscillation of m2 is -
 8
k
12. A particle performs SHM with a period T and (A) m1
amplitude a. The mean velocity of the particle over
the time interval during which it travels a distance
k m1
a/2 from the extreme position is (B) m2 m2
(A) a/T (B) 2a/T
(C) 3a/T (D) a/2T
k k
(C) m1  m 2 (D) m1  m 2
13. The time taken by a particle performing SHM to
pass from point A to B where its velocities are same
is 2 seconds. After another 2 seconds it returns to 18. A block of mass m =1 kg placed on top of another
B. The time period of oscillation is (in seconds) block of mass M = 5 kg is attached to a horizontal
(A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4 spring of force constant K = 20 N/m as shown in
figure. The coefficient of friction between the blocks
14. Two particles are in SHM on same straight line with
is µ where as the lower block slides on a friction-
amplitude A and 2A and with same angular
less surface. The amplitude of oscillation is 0.4 m.
frequency . It is observed that when first particle
What is the minimum value of µ such that the upper
is at a distance A / 2 from origin and going toward
block does not slip over the lower block ?
mean position, other particle is at extreme position
K m
on other side of mean position. Find phase difference
M
between the two particles.
(A) 45° (B) 90° (C) 135° (D) 180° (A) 0.133 (B) 0.5
(C) 0.362 (D) 0.21
15. Two particles are in SHM in a straight line about
same equilibrium position. Amplitude A and time
19. A block of mass m moves with a speed v towards
period T of both the particles are equal. At time t = the right block in equilibrium with a spring. If the
0, one particle is at displacement y1 = +A and the surface is frictionless and collisions are elastic, the
other at y2 = – A/2, and they are approaching frequency of collisions between the masses will be–
towards each other. After what time they cross
each other ? v K
(A) T/3 (B) T/4 (C) 5T/6 (D) T/6 m m
L
16. Two particles execute SHM of same amplitude of
20 cm with same period along the same line about v 1 K  v 1 K
(A)  (B) 2 2L   m 
the same equilibrium position. The maximum 2L  m  
distance between the two is 20 cm. Their phase
difference in radians is 1 2
 2L   2L 
2    (C)  + π m  (D)    m 
(A) (B) (C) (D) V K
3 2 3 4    v K 
20. Two blocks each of mass m are connected with Section D – Combination of springs
springs each of force constant K as shown in fig.
23. A body of mass 'm' hangs from three springs, each
The mass A is displaced to the left & B to the right
of spring constant 'k' as shown in the figure. If the
by the same amount and released then the time
mass is slightly displaced and let go, the system will
period of oscillation is -
oscillate with time period–

K
m m
K
K
A B m
(A) 2
3k
K K
M M
(A) 2 (B) 2 3m
K 2K (B) 2
2k m
M M
(C)  (D) 
K 2K 2m 3k
(C) 2 (D) 2
3k m
21. A block P of mass m is placed on a frictionless
surface. Another block Q of same mass is kept on
24. A block of mass m is connected between two
P, and is connected to a wall by a massless horizontal
springs (constants K1 and K2) as shown in the figure
spring of spring constant k, as shown. The
and is made to oscillate, the frequency of oscillation
coefficient of static friction between the two blocks
of the system shall be-
is s. Blocks P and Q are moved together to stretch
the spring by a distance A. When released, the
blocks oscillate without slipping. The maximum
frictional force between P and Q is
(A) 0
1/ 2 1/ 2
(B) Ka 1  m  1  K1K 2 
k (A)   (B)  
2   K1  K 2  2   (K1  K 2 )m 
kA Q s
(C)
2
P 1/ 2
SMOOTH 1/ 2
(D) s mg 1  K1  K 2  1  (K1  K 2 )m 
(C)   (D)  
2  m  2   K1K 2 
22. Four springs of constant as shown are attached to
a pair of masses m each as shown. The time period
25. Two springs of the same material but of length L
will be 2 times-
and 2L are suspended with masses M and 2M
k attached at their lower ends. Their time periods when
2k 2k they are allowed to oscillate
m m
k will be in the ratio
(A) 1 : 2
m 2m
(B) 2 : 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 : 4
k k
(D) 4 : 1
4m 3m
(C) (D)
k 4k
Section E,F – Angular shm & simple 31. A simple pendulum with length  and bob of mass
pendulum m executes SHM of small amplitude A. The
26. Two identical simple pendulums A and B are fixed maximum tension in the string will be
at same point. They are displaced by very small (A) mg (1 + A/) (B) mg (1 + A/)2
angles  and  (  > ) and released from rest. (C) mg [1 + (A/) ] 2
(D) 2 mg
Find the time after which B reaches its initial position
for the first time. Collisions are elastic and length 32. Two pendulums have time periods T and 5T/4. They
of strings is . start SHM at the same time from the mean position.
 After how many oscillations of the smaller
 
(A)  g pendulum they will be again in the same phase
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 11 (D) 9
 B
(B) 2 g A
33. A hollow metal sphere is filled with water and hung
by a long thread. A small hole is drilled at the bottom
  2  through which water slowly flows out. Now the
(C)  g (D)  g sphere is made to oscillate, the period of oscillation
of the pendulum -
27. A pendulum of length 10 cm is hanged by wall making (A) remains constant
an angle 3° with vertical. It is swinged to position (B) continuously decreases
B. Time period of pendulum will be (C) continuously increases
(A) /5 sec (D) first increases and then decreases
2 3° 6°
(B) sec 34. The angular velocity and the amplitude of a simple
15
B
pendulum is  and a respectively. At a displacement
(C) /6 sec
x from the mean position if its kinetic energy is T
(D) Subsequent A
and potential energy is V, then the ratio of T to V is
motion will not be periodic
(A) x22/(a2–x22) (B) x2/(a2 – x2)
2 2 2 2 2
28. The pendulum of the grandfather’s clock takes 1 (C) (a –x  ) / x  (D) (a2–x 2)/ x 2
sec to oscillate from one end to another a distance
of 10 cms. Considering it a simple pendulum, find 35. Find the velocity when KE = PE of the body
its maximum velocity- undergoing SHM. Amplitude = x0 and angular
(A) 4 cms/sec (B) 8 cms/sec frequency is . How many times in a cycle
(C) 12 cms/sec (D) 16 cms/sec KE = PE ?
29. In an elevator, a spring clock of time period TS (mass x 0
(A) ,2 (B) x0, 2
attached to a spring) and a pendulum clock of time 2
period TP are kept. If the elevator accelerates upwards
(A) TS well as TP increases x 0
(C) ,4 (D) x , 4
(B) TS remain same, TP increases 2 0

(C) TS remains same, TP decreases

(D) TS as well as TP decreases Section G – Compound pendulum / physical
pendulum, torsional pendulum
30. A simple pendulum is oscillating in a lift. If the lift is
36. A ring is suspended at a point on its rim and it
going down with constant velocity, the time period of
behaves as a second’s pendulum when it oscillates
the simple pendulum is T1. If the lift is going down
such that its centre move in its own plane. The radius
with some retardation its time period is T2, then
of the ring would be (g = 2)
(A) T1 > T2 (B) T1 < T2
(C) T1 = T2 (A) 0.5 m (B) 1.0 m
(D) depends upon the mass of the pendulum bob (C) 0.67 m (D) 1.5 m
37. A rod of mass m, length  is held horizontal, using a Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
vertical string through its centre. If it is turned a 41. A particle is subjected to two mutually perpendicular
little, the frequency of oscillation will be proportional simple harmonic motions such that its x and y
to- [C-torsional constant of the string] coordinates are given by x = 2 sin t ; y = 2
3C
(A)  
m 2 sin  t  
(m, )  4
12C
(B) The path of the particle will be :
m
12C m (A) an ellipse (B) a straight line
(C) (D) (C) a parabola (D) a circle
m 2 12C

38. A long uniform rod of length L, mass M is free to 42. The amplitude of the vibrating particle due to
rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis
through its end. Two springs of constant K each  
superposition of two SHMs, y1 = sin  t   and
are connected as shown. On equilibrium, the rod  3
was horizontal. The frequency will be – y2 = sin t is :
1 15 K (A) 1 (B)
(A) y 2
2 M 
L L (C) (D) 2
1 15 2 2
3
(B) K
K
2 4M
1 3K 1 15 K 43. Two simple harmonic motions y1 = A sin t and y2
(C) (D)
2 4 M 2 4M = A cos t are superimposed on a particle of mass
m. The total mechanical energy of the particle is :
39. A solid ball of mass m is allowed to fall from a
height h to a pan suspended with a spring of spring 1
(A) m2A2 (B) m2A2
constant k. Assume the ball does not rebound and 2
pan is massless, then amplitude of the oscillation is -
1
mg (C) m2A2 (D) zero
(A) 4
k
k
1/ 2
mg  2hk  44. The displacement of two identical particles executing
(B) +  mg 
k   SHM are represented by equations

 
1  2hk mg 2hk x1 = 4 sin 10 t  6  and x2 = 5 cos t
(C) mg 1  mg (D) 1
mg
 
k
For what value of  energy of both the
40. A uniform thin rod has a mass 1 kg and carries a particles is same ?
mass 2.5 kg at B. The rod is hinged at A and is
(A) 16 unit (B) 6 unit
maintained in the horizontal position by a spring
having a spring constant 18 kNm–1 at C as shown (C) 4 unit (D) 8 unit
in figure. The angular frequency
of oscillation is nearly-
(A) 10 rad/s
(B) 20 rad/s
(C) 40 rad/s A
C B
2.5 kg
(D) 80 rad/s 0.3 m 0.3 m
Exercise - 2 (Leve-I) Objective Problems | JEE Main

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and 5. The average acceleration in one time period in a
Acceleration in SHM, Energy of simple harmonic motion is
SHM (A) A 2 (B) A 2/2
1. The maximum acceleration of a particle in SHM is
(C) A 2/ 2 (D) zero
made two times keeping the maximum speed to be
constant. It is possible when 6. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic
motion is equal to the smallest time between the
(A) amplitude of oscillation is doubled while 
frequency remains constant particle acquiring a particular velocity v . The value
of v is
(B) amplitude is doubled while frequency is halved
(A) vmax (B) 0
(C) frequency is doubled while amplitude is halved
(C) between 0 and vmax (D) between 0 and –vmax
(D) frequency is doubled while amplitude remains
constant.
7. A particle executing a simple harmonic motion of
period 2s. When it is at its extreme displacement
2. A body performs simple harmonic oscillations along
from its mean position, it receives an additional
the straight line ABCDE with C as the midpoint of
energy equal to what it had in its mean position.
AE. Its kinetic energies at B and D are each one
Due to this, in its subsequent motion,
fourth of its maximum value. If AE = 2R, the
distance between B and D is (A) its amplitude will change and become equal
to 2 times its previous amplitude
A B C D E
(B) its periodic time will become doubled i.e. 4s

R (C) its potential energy will be decreased

3R
(A) (B) (D) it will continue to execute simple harmonic
2 2
motion of the same amplitude and period as before
(C) 3R (D) 2R receiving the additional energy.

3. A particle moves along the x-axis according to x = 8. Part of a simple harmonic motion is graphed in the figure,
A. [1 + sin t]. What distance does it travel where y is the displacement from the mean position.
between t=0 and t=2.5/? The correct equation describing this S.H.M is

(A) 4A (B) 6A (A) y = 4 cos (0.6t)

(C) 5A (D) None 2

 10 
(B) y = 2 sin  t – 
 3 2
(0.6) t(s)
4. The displacement of a body executing SHM is given O (0.3)
by x = A sin(2t + /3). The first time from t = 0  10 
when the velocity is maximum is (C) y = 4 sin  t   –2
 3 2
(A) 0.33 sec (B) 0.16 sec
(C) 0.25 sec (D) 0.5 sec  10 
(D) y = 2 cos  t  
 3 2
9. Speed v of a particle moving along a straight line, 13. Two particles P and Q describe simple harmonic
when it is at a distance x from a fixed point on the motions of same period, same amplitude, along the
line is given by v2 = 108 – 9x2 (all quantities in S.I. same line about the same equilibrium position O.
unit). Then When P and Q are on opposite sides of O at the
same distance from O they have the same speed
(A) The motion is uniformly accelerated along the of 1.2 m/s in the same direction, when their
straight line displacements are the same they have the same
(B) The magnitude of the acceleration at a distance speed of 1.6 m/s in opposite directions. The
3 cm from the fixed point is 0.27 m/s2. maximum velocity in m/s of either particle is
(C) The motion is simple harmonic about (A) 2.8 (B) 2.5
x = 12 m. (C) 2.4 (D) 2

(D) The maximum displacement from the fixed point 14. A particle executes SHM on a straight line path.
is 4 cm. The amplitude of oscillation is 2 cm. When the
displacement of the particle from the mean position
is 1 cm, the numerical value of magnitude of
acceleration is equal to the numerical value of
Section B – Time period and angular magnitude of velocity. The frequency of SHM (in
frequency in SHM second–1) is
10. A small mass executes linear SHM about O with
amplitude a and period T. Its displacement from O 2
(A) 2  3 (B)
at time T/8 after passing through O is : 3

(A) a/8 (B) a/2 2

3 1
(C) (D)
(C) a/2 (D) a / 2 2 2 3

11. A particle executes SHM with time period T and 15. Two particles undergo SHM along parallel lines with
amplitude A. The maximum possible average the same time period (T) and equal amplitudes. At
T a particular instant, one particle is at its extreme
velocity in time is : position while the other is at its mean position. They
4
move in the same direction. They will cross each
2A 4A other after a further time
(A) (B)
T T
B O A
8A 4 2A O’
(C) (D) B’ A’
T T
(A) T/8 (B) 3T/8
12. Time period of a particle executing SHM is 8 sec. (C) T/6 (D) 4T/3
At t = 0 it is at the mean position. The ratio of the
distance covered by the particle in the 1 st second 16. A particle is executing SHM of amplitude A, about
to the 2nd second is the mean position X = 0. Which of the following
cannot be a possible phase difference between
1
(A) (B) the positions of the particle at x = + A/2 and
2 1 2
x = – A/ 2 .
1 (A) 75° (B) 165°
(C) (D) 2 +1
2 (C) 135° (D) 195°
Section C – Two block system 21. Two blocks of mass 10 kg and 2 kg are connected
17. Vertical displacement of a plank with a body of by an ideal spring of spring constant 1000 N/m and
mass ‘m’ on it is varying according to law y = sin the system is placed on a horizontal surface as
shown.
t + 3 cos t. The minimum value of  for
which the mass just breaks off the plank and the 10kg 2kg
moment it occurs first after t = 0 are given by (y  
is positive vertically upwards)
The coefficient of friction between 10 kg block and
g 2  g 2  surface is 0.5 but friction is assumed to be absent
(A) , (B) ,
2 6 g 2 3 g between 2 kg and surface. Initially blocks are at
rest and spring is unstretched then 2 kg block is
g  2 2
(C) , (D) 2g, displaced by 1 cm to elongate the spring then
2 3 g 3g
released. Then the graph representing magnitude
of frictional force on 10 kg block and time t is :
18. A 2 Kg block moving with 10 m/s strikes a spring
of constant 2 N/m attached to 2 Kg block at rest (Time t is measured from that instant when 2 kg
kept on a smooth floor. The time for which rear block is released to move)
moving block remain in contact with spring will be f f
(A) 2 sec (A) (B)
10m/s
t t
1 2kg 2kg
(B) sec
2 f

1 (C) (D) None of these

(C) 1 sec (D) sec t
2

19. In the above question, the velocity of the rear 2

kg block after it separates from the spring will be :
Section D – Combination of springs
(A) 0 m/s (B) 5 m/s
(C) 10 m/s (D) 7.5 m/s 22. A body at the end of a spring executes S.H.M. with
a period t 1, while the corresponding period for
20. In the figure, the block of mass m, attached to the another spring is t2. If the period of oscillation with
spring of stiffness k is in contact with the completely the two spring in series is T, then
elastic wall, and the compression in the spring is (A) T = t1 + t2 (B) T2 = t12 + t22
‘e’. The spring is compressed further by ‘e’ by
displacing the blocktowards left and is then released. 1 1 1 1 1 1
(C) T  t  t (D) T 2  t 2  t 2
If the collision between the block and the wall is 1 2 1 2
completely elastic then the time period of oscillations
of the block will be :
23. The springs in fig. A and B are identical but length
2 m Wall
(A) in A is three times each of that in B. The ratio of
3 k period TA/TB is
A B
m (A) 3
(B) 2
k m (B) 1/3
(C) 3
 m  m m m
(C) (D) (D) 1/3
3 k 6 k
24. A particle of mass m moves in the potential energy 27. What is the spring constant for the combination of
U shown above. The period of the motion when spring shown in fig. ?
the particle has total energy E is (A) k 2k
(B) 2k
U(x) m
(C) 4k
5k k k
(D)
1
U = 2 kx2, x < 0 U = mgx, x > 0 2

x
Section E,F – Angular shm & simple
pendulum
28. The free end of a simple pendulum is attached to
(A) 2 m / k + 4 2E / mg 2 the ceiling of a box. The box is taken to a height
and the pendulum and box are released to fall freely.
(B) 2 m / k As seen from the box during this period, the bob
will
(C)  m / k + 2 2E / mg 2 (A) continue its oscillation as before
(B) stop
(D) 2 2E / mg 2 (C) will go in a circular path
(D) move on a straight line.

25. Four springs are attached to a mass m as shown. 29. A simple pendulum has some time period T. What
The time period will be 2 times of– will be the percentage change in its time period if
its amplitudes is decreased by 5 % ?
K
2K 2K (A) 6 % (B) 3 %
m (C) 1.5 % (D) 0 %
2K
30. A simple pendulum has time period T1. When the
m 2m point of suspension moves vertically up according
(A) (B) to the equation y = kt2 where k = 1 m/s2 and 't' is
K K
time then the time period of the pendulum is T2 then
4m m 2
(C) (D)  T1 
K 4K   is
 T2 

26. A block of mass m is suspended by different springs 5 11

(A) (B)
of force constant shown in figure. 6 10
6 5
2k
(C) (D)
k 5 4
2k 2k m
2k 31. A bob B of mass 1 kg is suspended form the ceiling
k
m of a toy train as shown in the figure. The train
m
m oscillates simple harmonically in horizontal direction
with angular frequency  = 5 rad/s and amplitude a
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) = 0.1m. What is the ratio of maximum and minimum
tensions in the string AB during the motion (g = 10
Let time period of oscillation in these four positions
ms–2 & tan 37° = 3/4)
be T1, T2, T3 and T4 Then -
(A) 2 37°
(A) T1 = T2 = T4 (B) T1 = T2 and T3 = T4 A
(B) 3 B
(C) T1 = T2 = T3 (D) T1 = T3 and T2 = T4 (C) 4
(D) 1
32. A small bob attached to a light inextensible thread 35. A simple pendulum fixed in a car has a time period
of length l has a periodic time T when allowed to of 4 seconds when the car is moving uniformly on a
vibrate as a simple pendulum. The thread is now horizontal road. When the accelerator is pressed, the
suspended from a fixed end O of a vertical rigid time period changes to 3.99 seconds. Making an
approximate analysis, find the acceleration of the car.
3
rod of length (as in figure). If now the pendulum
4 g g
(A) (B)
performs periodic oscillations in this arrangement, 2 6
the
g g
periodic time will be (C) (D)
10 23
O
3T
(A)
4 Section G – Compound pendulum / physical
3l
4 l pendulum, torsional pendulum
T
(B) 36. A man is swinging on a swing made of 2 ropes of
2
equal length L and in direction perpendicular to the
(C) T A plane of paper. The time period of the small
(D) 2T oscillations about the mean position is

L
33. A simple pendulum has time period T. A uniform (A) 2
2g
rod, whose length is the same as that of the
pendulum, undergoes small oscillations about its
upper end. Its time period of oscillation will be - 3L
(B) 2
2g L
(A) < T (B) T
(C) > T L L
L
(D) may be (A), (B) or (C) depending on whether (C) 2
2 3g
T is <, equal to or > 2 seconds M

L
34. The angular frequency of a spring block system is (D) 
g
0. This system is suspended from the ceiling of an
elevator moving downwards with a constant speed
v0. The block is at rest relative to the elevator. Lift 37. A system of two identical rods (L-shaped) of mass
is suddenly stopped. Assuming the downwards as m and length l are resting on a peg P as shown in
a positive direction, choose the wrong statement. the figure. If the system is displaced in its plane by
a small angle , find the period of oscillations.
v0
(A) The amplitude of the block is 
0 2l P
(A) 2 l l
(B) The initial phase of the block is . 3g

v0
(C) The equation of motion for the block is  sin 0t. 2 2l
0 (B) 2
3g

(D) The maximum speed of the block is v0. 2l l

(C) 2 (D) 3
3g 3g
38. A ring of diameter 2m oscillates as a compound Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
pendulum about a horizontal axis passing through a 41. The graph plotted between phase angle () and
point at its rim. It oscillates such that its centre move displacement of a particle from equilibrium position
in a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the (y) is a sinusoidal curve as shown below. Then the
ring. The equivalent length of the simple pendulum best matching is
is
(A) 2m (B) 4m y
(C) 1.5 m (D) 3m

3 /2 2
39. A uniform hoop of mass M and radius R hangs in a O /2 P t
vertical plane supported by a knife edge at one point
on the inside circumference. Calculate the natural
frequency of small oscillation. Column A Column B

1 g 1 3g
(A) (B) (A) K. E. versus phase (P)
2 R 2  2R
angle curve
1 g 1 g
(C) (D)
2  2R 2  3R (B) P.E. versus phase (Q)
angle curve
40. Find the ratio of the periods of the two torsion
pendula shown in figure. The two differ only by the (C) T.e. versus phase (R)
addition of cylindrical masses as shown in the figure.
angle curve
The radius of each additional mass is 1/4 the radius
of the disc. Each cylinder and disc have equal mass.
(D) Velocity versus phase (S)
angle curve

3
R
4 R (A) A  P ; B  Q ; C  R ; D  S
4 (B) A  Q ; B  P ; C  R ; D  S
M M M M (C) A  Q ; B  P ; C  S ; D  R
R R (D) A  Q ; B  R ; C  S ; D  P

3/ 2 3/ 2
2 3
(A)   (B)  
3 2

1/ 2 1/ 2
2 3
(C)   (D)  
3 2
Exercise - 2 (Level-II) Multiple Correct | JEE Advanced

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and 5. A particle is executing SHM with amplitude A, time
Acceleration in SHM, Energy of period T, maximum acceleration a0 and maximum
SHM
velocity v0. Its starts from mean position at t = 0
1. A spring has natural length 40 cm and spring and at time t, it has the displacement A/2, accelera-
constant 500 N/m. A block of mass 1 kg is attached
tion a and velocity v then
at one end of the spring and other end of the spring
is attached to ceiling. The block released from the (A) t = T/12 (B) a = a0/2
position, where the spring has length 45 cm. (C) v = v0/2 (D) t = T/8
(A) the block will perform SHM of amplitude 5 cm.
(B) the block will have maximum velocity 30 5 6. The displacement of a particle varies according to
cm/sec. the relation x = 3 sin 100t + 8 cos2 50t. Which of
(C) the block will have maximum acceleration the following is/are correct about this motion.
15 m/s2. (A) the motion of the particle is not S.H.M.
(D) the minimum potential energy of the spring will (B) the amplitude of the S.H.M. of the particle is 5
be zero. units
(C) the amplitude of the resultant S.H.M. is 73
2. The potential energy of a particle of mass 0.1 kg,
moving along x-axis, is given by U = 5x (x – 4) J units
where x is in metres. It can be concluded that (D) the maximum displacement of the particle from
(A) the particle is acted upon by a constant force the origin is 9 units.
(B) the speed of the particle is maximum at x = 2 m
(C) the particle executes simple harmonic motion 7. For a particle executing S.H.M., x = displacement
(D) the period of oscillation of the particle is /5 s from equilibrium position, v = velocity at any instant
and a = acceleration at any instant, then
3. The amplitude of a particle executing SHM about (A) v-x graph is a circle
O is 10 cm. Then
(B) v-x graph is an ellipse
(A) When the K.E. is 0.64 of its max. K.E. its
displacement is 6cm from O. (C) a-x graph is a straight line
(B) When the displacement is 5 cm from O its K.E. (D) a-v graph is an ellipse
is 0.75 of its max. P.E.
(C) Its total energy at any point is equal to its 8. The figure shows a graph between velocity and
maximum K.E. displacement (from mean position) of a particle
(D) Its velocity is half the maximum velocity when performing SHM
its displacement is half the maximum displacement.
v(in cm/s)
10
Section B – Time period and angular 2.5
frequency in SHM x
(in cm)
4. The equation of motion for an oscillating particle is
given by x = 3sin (4t) + 4 cos(4t), where x is in
mm and t is in second (A) the time period of the particle is 1.57 s
(A) The motion is simple harmonic (B) the maximum acceleration will be 40cm/s2
(B) The period of oscillation is 0.5 s
(C) The amplitude of oscillation is 5 mm (C) the velocity of particle is 2 21 cm/s when it is
(D) The particle starts its motion from the equilibrium at a distance 1 cm from the mean position.
(D) none of these
Section C – Two block system Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
9. Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 6 kg rest on a 12. A particle moves in xy plane according to the law
horizontal smooth surface. The 3 kg block is x = a sin t and y = a(1 – cos t) where a and 
attached to a spring with a force constant k = 900 are constants. The particle traces
Nm–1 which is compressed 2 m from beyond the (A) a parabola
equilibrium position. The 6 kg mass is at rest at 1m (B) a straight line equallyinclined to x and y axes
from mean position. 3kg mass strikes the 6 kg mass (C) a circle
and the two stick together. (D) a distance proportional to time

1m
13. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic
motion along x and y-directions according to
2m equations
3kg 6kg
x = 4sin100t and y = 3sin100t
equilibrium Choose the correct statement –
position (A) Motion of particle will be on an ellipse
(B) Motion of the particle will be on a straight line
(A) velocity of the combined masses immediately (C) Particle will execute SHM of amplitude 5
after the collision is 10 ms–1 (D) Particle will not execute SHM
(B) velocity of the combined masses immediately
after thecollision is 5 ms–1 14. A system is oscillating with undamped simple
(C) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 2 m harmonic motion. Then the
(D) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 5/2 m (A) average total energy per cycle of the motion is
its maximum kinetic energy.
(B) average total energy per cycle of the motion is
Section E,F – Angular shm & simple 1
pendulum times its maximum kinetic energy..
2
10. A simple pendulum of Length  and mass (M) is
oscillating in a plane about a vertical line between 1
(C) root mean square velocity is times its
the angular limits – to +. For an angular 2
displacement (<||), the tension in the string T and maximum velocity
velocity of the bob V are related as- (D) mean velocity is 1/2 of maximum velocity.
(A) Tcos = Mg
(B) T = Mgcos + MV2/R 15. A 20 gm particle is subjected to two simple harmonic
(C) Tangential acceleration is g sin motions
(D) T = Mgcos x1 = 2 sin 10 t,

11. A pendulum suspended from the roof of an elevator x2 = 4 sin(10 t + ). Where x1 & x2 are in metre &
3
at rest has a time period T1; when the elevator
t is in sec.
moves up with an acceleration a its time period
(A) The displacement of the particle at t = 0 will be
becomes T2; when the elevator moves down with
an acceleration a; its time period becomes T3 2 3 m.
then – (B) Maximum speed of the particle will be 20 7 m/s.
(A) T3 > T2 and T1 (B) T2 > T3 > T1 (C) Magnitude of maximum acceleration of the
T2 T3 2 particle will be 200 7 m/s2.
(C) T1 = (D) T1 = T22  T32 (D) Energy of the resultant motion will be 28 J.
T22  T32
Exercise - 3 | Level-I Subjective | JEE Advanced

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and 7. A body is executing SHM under the action of force
Acceleration in SHM, Energy of whose maximum magnitude is 50N. Find the
SHM magnitude of force acting on the particle at the time
1. The equation of a particle executing SHM is when its energy is half kinetic and half potential.
 
x  (5m)sin ( s –1 )t   .Write down the amplitude,
 6 8. The figure shows the displacement - time graph of
phase constant, time period and maximum speed.
a particle executing SHM. If the time period of
oscillation is 2s, then the equation of motion is given
2. A particle having mass 10 g oscillates according to
by x = ................. .

the equation x = (2.0 cm) sin [100 s–1] t + ]. Find
6 x
(a) the amplitude, the time period and the force
constant (b) the position, the velocity and the
acceleration at t = 0. 10
mm
5
3. The equation of motion of a particle started at t = 0
0
is given by x = 5 sin (20 t + /3) where x is in t(s)
centimetre and t in second. When does the particle.
(a) first come to rest ?
(b) first have zero acceleration ?
Section C – Two block system
(c) first have maximum speed ?
9. A 1kg block is executing simple harmonic motion
4. A body undergoing SHM about the origin has its of amplitude 0.1 m on a smooth horizontal surface
equation is given by x = 0.2 cos 5t. Find its aver- under the restoring force of a spring of spring
age speed from t = 0 to t = 0.7 sec. constant 100 N/m. A block of mass 3 kg is gently
placed on it at the instant it passes through the mean
position. Assuming that the two blocks move
Section B – Time period and angular together, find the frequency and the amplitude of
frequency in SHM the motion.
5. A force f = –10x + 2 acts on a particle of mass 0.1
kg, where ‘k’ is in m and F in newton. If it is re-
leased from rest at x = –2 m, find : 3kg

(A) Amplitude (b) Time period

1kg
(c) Equation of motion

6. Potential energy (U) of a body of unit mass moving

in a one-dimension conservative force fileld is given 10. The system shown in the figure can move on a
by, U = (x2 – 4x + 3). All units are in S.I. smooth surface. The spring is initially compressed
by 6 cm and then released. Find
(i) Find the equilibrium position of the body.
(ii) Show that oscillations of the body about this k = 800 N/m 6 kg
3 kg
equilibrium position is simple harmonic motion &
find its timeperiod.
(a) Time period
(iii) Find the amplitude of oscillations if speed of the
(b) Amplitude of 3 kg block
body at equilibrium position is 2 6 m/s.
(c) Maximum momentum of 6 kg block
Section D – Combination of springs Section G – Compound pendulum / physical
11. Two identical springs are attached pendulum, torsional pendulum

to a small block P. The other 15. A simple pendulum of length  is suspended through
ends of the springs are A the ceiling of an elevator. Find the time period of
small oscillations if the elevator (a) is going up with
fixed at A and B. When P is in
an acceleration a0 (b) is going down with an
equilibrium the extension of top P acceleration a0 and (c) is moving with a uniform
spring is 20 cm and extension of velocity.
bottom spring is 10 cm. Find the
period of small vertical
B
oscillations of P about its Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
equilibrium position. (use g=9.8
m/s2) 16. Two identical rods each of mass m and
length L, are rigidly joined
and then S
12. The springs shown in the figure are all unstretched
in the beginning when a man starts pulling the block. suspended in a
The man exerts a constant force F on the block. vertical plane so as to
Find the amplitude and the frequency of the motion oscillate freely about an
of the block. axis normal to the plane
of paper passing through ‘S’ (point of supension).
k1 M
Find the time period of such small oscillations.
k2 k3 F

17. A simple pendulum has a time period

T = 2 sec when it swings freely. The
pendulum is hung as
Section E,F – Angular shm & simple shown in figure. so
sta
cle
pendulum
that only one-fourth of its
ob

13. A pendulum having time period equal to two seconds total length is free to swing
is called a seconds pendulum. Those used in to the left of obstacle. It is
pendulum clocks are of this type. Find the length of B A
displaced to position A and released. How long does
a seconds pendulum at a place where g = 2 m/s2
it take to swing to extreme displacement B and
return to A? Assume that displacement angle is
always small.
14. A pendulum is suspended in a lift and its period of
oscillation is T0 when the lift is stationary.
18. The resulting amplitude A and the phase of the
(i) What will the period T of oscillation of pendulum
be, if the lift begins to accelerate downwards with A
vibrations  S = A cos (t) + cos
2
3g
an acceleration equal to ?
4   A A  3 
 t   + cos (t+ ) + cos  t   =
(ii) What must be the acceleration of the lift for the  2  4 8  2 

T0 A cos (t + ) are ....... and ......... respectively.

period of oscillation of the pendulum to be ?
2
Exercise - 3 | Level-II Subjective | JEE Advanced

Section A – Equation of SHM, Velocity and 6. The motion of a particle is described by x = 30 sin
Acceleration in SHM, Energy of (t + /6), where x is in cm and t in sec. Potential
SHM energy of the particle is twice of kinetic energy for
the first time after t = 0 when the particle is at
1. A point particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing SHM position ............. after .......... time.
with amplitude of 0.1 m. When the particle passes
through the mean position, its K.E. is 8 × 10–3J.
Obtain the equation of motion of this particle if the Section C – Two block system
initial phase of oscillation is 45°.
7. One end of an ideal spring is fixed to a wall at origin
O and the axis of spring is parallel to a x-axis. A
2. The particle executing SHM in a straight line has block of mass m = 1 kg is attached to free end of the
velocities 8 m/s, 7 m/s, 4 m/s at three points distant spring and it is performing SHM. Equation of position
one metre from each other. What will be the of block in coordinate system shown is x = 10 + 3
maximum velocity of the particle? sin10t, t is in second and x in cm. Another block of
mass M = 3kg, moving towards the origin with velocity
3. The acceleration-displacement (a – x) graph of a 30 cm/s collides with the block performing SHM at
particle executing simple harmonic motion is shown t = 0 and gets struck to it, calculate :
in the figure. Find the frequency of oscillation. (i) new amplitude of oscillations.
(ii) new equation for position of the combined body.
a
(iii) loss of energy during collision. Neglect friction.

1kg 3kg

– O x

–
8. Two blocks A (2kg) and B(3kg) rest up on a smooth
horizontal surface are connected by a spring of
stiffness 120 N/m. Initially the spring is underformed.
A is imparted a velocity of 2m/s along the line of
Section B – Time period and angular the spring away from B. Find the displacement of
frequency in SHM A t second later.
3kg 2kg 2m/s
4. Two particles A and B execute SHM along the same
B A
line with the same amplitude a, same frequency and
same equilibrium position O. If the phase difference
between them is  = 2 sin–1 (0.9), then find the Section D – Combination of springs
maximum distance between the two.
9. A mass M is in static equilibrium on a massless
vertical spring as shown in the figure. A ball of mass
5. A body is in SHM with period T when oscillated
m dropped from certain height sticks to the mass
from a freely suspended spring. If this spring is cut
M after colliding with it. The oscillations they
in two parts of length ratio 1 : 3 & again oscillated
perform reach to height ‘a’ above the original level
from the two parts separately, then the periods are
of scales & depth ‘b’ below it.
T1 & T2 then find T1/T2.
(a) Find the force constant of the spring.;
 12. The angle made by the string of a simple pendulum with
M a

b the vertical depends on time as  = sin[s–1)t].
90
Find the length of the pendulum if g = 2 m/s2.

(b) Find the oscillation frequency. 13. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes SHM along the
x-axis with frequency of (25/) Hz. At the point x
(c) What is the height above the initial level from
= 0.04m the object has KE 0.5 J and PE 0.4 J. The
which the mass m was droped ?
amplitude of oscillation is _____________.

10. Two identical balls A and B each of mass 0.1 kg

are attached to two identical massless springs. The
spring mass system is constrained to move inside a Section G – Compound pendulum / physical
rigid smooth pipe in the form of a circle as in fig. pendulum, torsional pendulum
The pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane. The centres
14. An ideal gas is enclosed in a vertical cylinderical
of the ball can move in a circle of radius 0.06 m.
container and supports a freely moving piston of
Each spring has a natural length 0.06 m and force
mass m. The piston and the cylinder have equal
constant 0.1 N/m. Initially both the balls are
cross-sectional area A, atmospheric pressure is P0
displaced by an angle of  =/6 radian with respect
and when the piston is in equilibrium position. Show
to diameter PQ of the circle and released from rest
that the piston executes SHM and find the frequency
of oscillation (system is completely isolated from
the surrounding).  = Cp/Cv. Height of the gas in
equilibrium position is h.

(a) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the ball B. Section H – Combination of two or more SHM
(b) What is the total energy of the system.
15. Two particles A and B perform SHM along the same
(c) Find the speed of the ball A when A and B are
straight line with the same amplitude ‘a’, same
at the two ends of the diameter PQ.
frequency ‘f’ and same equilibrium position ‘O’.
The greatest distance between them is found to be
Section E,F – Angular shm & simple 3a/2. At some instant of time they have the same
pendulum displacement from mean position. What is the
displacement?
11. (a) Find the time period of oscillations of a torsional
pendulum, if the torsional constant of the wire is
K = 102J/rad. The moment of inertia of rigid body
is 10 kg m2 about the axis of rotation.
(b) A simple pendulum of length l = 0.5 m is hanging
from ceiling of a car. The car is kept on a horizontal
plane. The car starts accelerating on the horizontal
road with acceleration of 5 m/s2. Find the time
period of oscillations of the pendulum for small
amplitudes about the mean position.
Exercise - 4 | Level-I Previous Year | JEE Main

1. If a simple harmonic motion is represented by 5. Starting from the origin a body oxcillates simple
harmonically with a period of 2 s. After what time
d2x will its kinetic energy be 75% of the total energy ?
 αx  0 , its time period is [AIEEE 2005]
dt 2
1 1
(A) s (B) s [AIEEE 2006]
2π 2π 6 4
(A) (B)
α α
1 1
(C) s (D) s
(C) 2 πα (D) 2 π α 3 12

2. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by 6. The maximum velocity of a particle, executing simple
harmonic motion with an amplitude 7 mm, is
 π
the equations y1 = 0.1 sin 100 πt   and y2 = 0.1 4.4 ms–1. The period of oscillation is
 3
[AIEEE 2006]
cos t. The phase difference of the velocity of (A) 0.01 s (B) 10 s
particle1, with respect to the velocity of particle 2 is (C) 0.1 s (D) 100 s
[AIEEE 2005]
π π 7. The displacement of an object attached to a spring
(A) (B) and executing simple harmonic motion is given by
6 3
π π x  2  102 cos πt metre. The time at which the
(C) (D)
3 3 maximum speed first occurs is [AIEEE 2007]
(A) 0.5 s (B) 0.75 s
3. The function sin 2  ωt  represents [AIEEE 2005] (C) 0.125 s (D) 0.25 s

(A) a periodic, but not simple harmonic, motion with

8. A particle of mass m executes simple harmonic
a period 2/ motion with amplitude a and frequency v. The
(B) a periodic, but not simple harmonic with a period / average kinetic energy during its motion from the
(C) a simple harmonic motion with a period 2/ position of equilibrium to the end is [AIEEE 2007]
(D) a simple harmonic motion with a period / 1 2 2
(A) 2 ma 2 v 2 (B) ma v
4
4. The bob of a simple pendulum is a spherical hollow (C) 4 2 ma 2 v 2 (D) 2 2 ma 2 v 2
ball filled with water. A plugged hole near the bottom
of the oscillating bob gets suddenly unplugged.
9. Two springs, of force constants k1 and k2, are
During observation, till water is coming out, the time connected to a mass m as shown. The frequency
period of oscillation would [AIEEE 2005] of oscillation of the mass is f. If both k1 and k2 are
(A) First increase and then decrease to the original made four times their original values, the frequency
value of oscillation becomes [AIEEE 2007]

(B) first decrease and then increase to the original K1 K2

value m
(C) remain unchanged
(A) f/2 (B) f/4
(D) increase towards a saturation value
(C) 4f (D) 2f
10. A point masss oscillates along the x-axis according 14. If a spring of stiffness k is cut into two parts A and
to the law x  x 0 cos  ωt   / 4  . If the acceleration B of length lA : lB = 2 : 3, then the stiffness of spring
A is given by [AIEEE 2011]
of the particle is written as a  Acos  ωt  δ  , then
[AIEEE 2007] 5 3k
(A) k (B)
π π 2 5
2
(A) A  x 0 ,δ   (B) A  x 0ω ,δ 
4 4
2k
π 3π (C) (D) k
2
(C) A  x 0ω ,δ  
2
(D) A  x 0ω ,δ  5
4 4

11. If x, v and a denote the displacement, the velocity 15. A wooden cube (density of wood d) of side l floats
and the acceleration of a particle executing, simple in a liquid of density  with its upper and lower
harmonic motion of time period of T, then, which of surfaces horizontal. If the cube is pushed slightly
the following does not change with time?
down and released, it performs simple harmonic
[AIEEE 2009]
motion of period, T. Then T is equal to
aT
(A) a 2T 2  4 π 2 v 2 (B) [AIEEE 2011]
x
aT l ld
(C) aT  2 πv (D) (A) 2  (B) 2 
v   d  g g

12. A mass , attached to a horizontal spring, executes SHM

with amplitude A1. When the mass M passes through l ld
(C) 2  (D) 2    d  g
its mean position then a smaller mass m is placed over dg
it and both of them move together with amplitude A2.
 A1 
The ratio of  A  is– [AIEEE 2011] 16. This question has statement 1 and statement 2 Of
 2
the four choices given after the statement, choose
1/ 2
M m  M  the one that best describes the two statements.
(A) (B)  
M  M m  If two springs S1 and S2 of force contants K1 and
1/ 2
K2, respectively are stretched by the same force, it
 M m  M
is found that more work is done on spring S1 than
(C)   (D)
 M  M m
on spring S2. [AIEEE 2012]
Statement 1 If stretched by the same amount, work
13. Two particles are executing simple harmonic motion done on S1, will be more than that on S2.
of the same amplitude A and frequency  along the
x-axis. Their mean position is separated by distance Statement 2 k1 < k2
X0 (X0 > A). If the maximum separation between (A) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
them is (X0+A), the phase difference between their (B) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
motion is [AIEEE 2011]
(C) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true Statement
π π 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
(A) (B)
3 4 (D) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true,
π π Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of
(C) (D) Statement 1
6 2
17. If a simple pendulum has significant amplitude (up 21. For a simple pendulum, a graph is plotted between
to a factor of 1/e of original) only in the period its kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE)
between t = 0 s to t = s, then  may be called the against its displacement d. Which one of the
average life of the pendulum. When the spherical following represents these correctly ? (graphs are
bob of the pendulum suffers a retardation (due to schematic and not drawn to scale)
viscous drag) proportional to its velocity, with ‘b’ as [JEE Main 2015]
the constant of proportionality, the average life time
E KE E
of the pendulum is (assuming damping is small) in
seconds- [AIEEE-2012] PE

(A) d (B)
1 KE
(A) b (B)
b
PE
2 0.693
(C) (D)
b b E KE E PE

(C) (D)
PE KE
18. The amplitude of damped oscillator decreases to d d
0.9 times its original magnitude in 5s. In another
10s, it will decrease to  times its original magnitude, 22. A particle performs simple harmonic motion with
where  equals [JEE Main 2013] amplitude A. Its speed is troubled at the instant that
(A) 0.7 (B) 0.81 2A
it is at a distance from equilibrium position.
(C) 0.729 (D) 0.6 3
The new amplitude of the motion is :
[AIEEE-2016]
19. A particle moves with simple harmonic
(A) 3A (B) A 3
motion in a straight line. In first  s, after starting
from rest it travels a distance a, and in nest  s it 7A A
(C) (D) 41
travels 2a, in same direction, then : 3 3
(A) Amplitude of motion is 4a
23. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion
(B) Time period of oscillations is 6 with a time period T. At time t=0, it is at its
(C) Amplitude of motion is 3a position of equilibrium. The kinetic energy -
(D) Time period of oscillations is 8 time graph of the particle will look like :
[AIEEE-2017]
[JEE Main 2014]
KE

20. A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross- (A) O T T T t

sectional area A has time period T. When an 4 2
additional mass M is added to its bob, the time period KE
changes to TM. If the Young's modulus of the
material of the wire is Y then 1/Y is euqal to : (g = (B) O T T T t
gravitational acceleration) [JEE Main 2015] 2
KE
  TM 2  A   T 2  A
(A) 1   T   Mg (B) 1   T   Mg (C) O
T t
      M  

KE
 TM  2  A  TM  2  Mg
(C)  T   1 Mg (D)  T   1 A (D) O t
      T T
2
Exercise - 4 | Level-II Previous Year | JEE Advanced

1. A simple pendulum has time period T1. When the Displacement x and y are measured with respect
point of suspension moves vertically up according to the equilibrium position of the block B. The
to the equation y = kt2 where k = 1 m/s2 and ‘t’ is
y
time then the time period of the pendulum is T2 ratio in Figure [JEE’2008]
x
2
 T1 
then   is [JEE’ 2005(Scr)]
 T2 

5 11
(A) (B)
6 10

6 5
(C) (D)
5 4 (A) 4 (B) 2
1 1
(C) (D)
2. A small body attached to one end of a vertically hanging 2 4
spring is performing SHM about it’s mean position
with angular frequency  and amplitude a. If at a height 5. The x–t graph of particle undergoing simple
y* from the mean position the body gets harmonic motion is shown below. The acceleration
detached from the spring, calculate of the particle at t = 4 / 3 s is [JEE’ 2009]
the value of y* so that the height
H attained by the mass is
maximum. The body does not
interact with the spring during it’s
y0
subsequent motion
m
after detachment. (aw2>g).
3 2 – 2
[JEE’ 2005] (A)  cm / s 2 (B) cm / s2
32 32

3. Function x = A sin2 t + B cos2 t + C sin t cos t 2 3 2

(C) cm / s2 (D) –  cm / s2
represents SHM [JEE’ 2006] 32 32
(A) for any value of A, B and C (except C = 0)
(B) if A = – B ; C = 2B, amplitude = |B 2 | 6. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in simple
(C) if A = B; C = 0 harmonic motion with amplitude A. The amplitude
of the point P is [JEE’ 2009]
(D) if A = B; C = 2B, amplitude = |B|

K1 K2
4. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs
P M
S1 and S2 with spring constants k and 4k,
respectively (see figure I). The other ends are
attached to identical supports M1 and M2 not k2 A k2 A
attached to the walls. The springs and supports have (A) k (B) k
2 2
negligible mass. There is no friction anywhere. The
block B is displaced towards wall 1 by a small k1A k 2A
distance x (figure II) and released. The block returns (C) k  k (D) k  k
1 2 1 2
and moves a maximum distance y towards wall 2.
7. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a particle
centre. Its two ends are attached to two springs of can be periodic even when its potential energy
equal spring constants k. The springs are fixed to rigid increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way different
supports as shown in the figure, and the rod is free to from kx2 and its total energy is such that the particle
oscillate in the horizontal plane. The rod is gently does not escape to infinity. Consider a particle of mass
pushed through a small angle  in one direction and m moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is V(x) =
released. The frequency of oscillation is x4 ( > 0) for |x| near the origin and becomes a
[JEE’ 2009] constant equal to V0 for |x|  X0 (see figure).
[JEE 2010]
1 2k
(A) V(x)
2 M
V0
1 k x
(B) X0
2 M
9. If the total energy of the particle is E, it will perform
1 6k 1 24k periodic motion only if :
(C) (D)
2 M 2 M (A) E < 0 (B) E > 0
(C) V0 > E > 0 (D) E > V0
8. A metal rod of length 'L' and mass 'm' is pivoted at
one end. A thin disk of mass 'M' and radius 'R' (<L) 10. For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the time
is attached at its center to the free end of the rod. period T of this particle is proportional to :
Consider two ways the disc is attached : (case A)
The disc is not free to rotate about its center and m 1 m
(A) A (B)
(case B) the disc is free to rotate about its center.  A 
The rod-disc system performs SHM in vertical plane
after being released from the same displaced  1 
position. which of the following statement(s) is (are) (C) A (D)
m A m
true?
(A) Restoring torque in case A = Restoring torque
11. The acceleration of this particle for |x| > X0 is :
in case B
(A) proportional to V0
(B) Restoring torque in case A < Restoring torque
in case B V0
(C) Angular frequency for case (B) proportional to mX
0
A > Angular frequency for case
B V0
(D) Angular frequency for case (C) proportional to mX 0
A < Angular frequency for case
B (D) Zero
[JEE’ 2011]
12. A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous
sinusoidal displacements in x-direction, x1(t) = A
Paragraph for Question Nos. 9 to 11
When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a  2 
sin t and x2(t) = A sin  t   . Adding a third
potential of the from V(x) = kx2, it performs simple  3 
harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is sinusoidal displacement x3(t) = B sin (t + ) brings
m the mass to a complete rest. The values of B and 
proportional to , as can be seen easily using are : [JEE 2011]
k
 3 4 figure. We use the
(A) 2A, (B) A, sign convention in
4 3
which position of

Momentum
5  momentum upwards
(C) 3A, (D) A,
6 3 (or to right) is positive
and downwards (or to
left) is negative.
13. A small block is connected to one end of a massless
spring of un-stretched length 4.9 m. The other end [JEE’ 2012] Position

of the spring (see the figure) is fixed. The system 14. The phase space diagram for a ball thrown vertically
lies on a horizontal frictionless surface. The block up from ground is
is stretched by 0.2 m and released from rest at t =
0. It then executes simple harmonic motion with Momentum Momentum


angular frequency  = rad/s . Simultaneously at
3
(A) (B)
t = 0, a small pebble is projected with speed  from Position Position

point P at an angle of 45° as shown in the figure.

Point P is at a horizontal distance of 10 m from O.
If the pebble hits the block at t = 1s, the value of 
is (take g = 10 m/s2) [JEE-2012]
Z Momentum Momentum
(A) 50 m/s

(B) 51 m/s
(C) (D)
Position Position
(C) 52 m/s 45°
O x
10m P
(D) 53 m/s

Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16

Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analyzing 15. The phase space diagram for simple harmonic
all kinds of dynamical problems. They are especially motion is a circle centered at the origin. In the figure,
useful in studying the changes in motion as initial the two circles represent the same oscillator but
position and momentum are changed. Here we for different initial conditions,
consider some simple dynamical systems in one- and E1 and E2 are the total
dimension. For such systems, phase space is a plane mechanical energies Momentum
in which position is plotted along horizontal axis and
respectively. Then
momentum is plotted along vertical axis. The phase E1
E2
space diagram is x(t) vs. p(t) curve in this plane. (A) E1 = 2 E2
2a
The arrow on the curve idicates the time flow. For (B) E1 =2E2 a position
example, the phase space diagram for a particle
(C) E1 = 4E2
moving with constant velocity is a straight
(D) E1 = 15E2
line as shown in the
16. Consider the spring-mass system, with the mass 18. Two independent harmonic oscillators of equal mass
submerged in water, as shown in the figure. The are oscillating about the origin with angular
phase space diagram for one cycle of this system is frequencies 1 and 2 and have total energies E1
and E2, respectively. The variations of their moments
p with positions x are shown in the figures. If a/b =
n2 and a/R = n, then the correct equation(s) is (are)
[JEE Advance 2015]
p
Energy=E1
Momentum

Momentum b
x
a

(A) Position
(B) Position

2 2
(A) E12 = E22 (B)   n
Momentum 1

E1 E 2
(C) 12 = n2 (D)   
(C) (D) Position 1 2

19. A block with mass M is connected by a massless

spring with stiffness constant k to a rigid wall and
17. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a moves without friction on a horizontal surface. The
mass-less spring of force constant k, lying on a block oscillates with small amplitude A about an
frictionless horizontal plane. The other end of the equilibrium position x0 . Consider two cases: (i)
spring is fixed. The particle starts moving horizontally when the block is at x0; and (ii) when the block is at
from its equilibrium position at time t= 0 with an x = x0 + A. In both the cases, a particle with mass
initial velocity u0. When the speed of the particle of m(<M) is softly placed on the block after which
0.5 u0, it collides elastically with a rigid wall. After they stick to each other. Which of the following
this collision. [JEE Advance-2013] statements (s) is (are) true about the motion after
the mass m is placed on the Mass M ?
(A) the speed of the particle when it returns to its
equilibrium position is u0. (A) The amplitude of oscillation in the first case
(B) the time at which the particle passes through M
changes by a factor of , whereas in the
m+M
m
the equilibrium position for the first time is t = 
k second case it remains unchanged [JEE-2016]
(C) the time at which the maximum compression (B) The final time period of oscillation in both the
case is same
4 m
of the spring occurs is t  (C) The total energy decreases in both the cases
3 k
(D) The instantaneous speed at x0 of the combined
(D) the time at which the particle passes through masses decreases in both the cases
the equilibrium position for the second time is

5 m
t .
3 k
Exercise - 1 Objective Problems | JEE Main
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D
16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A
26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C
36. A 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. C
41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D

Exercise - 2 (Leve-I) Objective Problems | JEE Main

1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D
6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D
11. D 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D
26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. C
31. A 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C
36. B 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A
41. B

Exercise - 2 (Level-II) Multiple Correct | JEE Advanced

1. B,C,D 2. B,C,D 3. A,B,C 4. A,B,C 5. A,B
6. B,D 7. B,C,D 8. A,B,C 9. A,C 10. B,C
11. A,C 12. C,D 13. B,C 14. A,C
15. A,B,C,D

Exercise - 3 | Level-I Subjective | JEE Advanced

1. Amplitude = 5 m ; Initial Phase = /6; Maximum speed = 5m/sec

2. (a) 2.0 cm, /50 sec, 100 N/m ; (b) 1 cm, 3 m / sec , 100 m/sec–1

  
3. (a) sec. , (b) sec. (c) sec. 4. 2m/sec
120 30 30

11  11
5. (a) m (b) sec (c) x = 0.2 – cos t 6. (i) x0 = 2m (ii) T = 2 sec (iii) 2 3
5 5 5
5
7. 25 2 N 8. X = 10 sin (t + /6) 9. Hz , 5 cm
2
 
10. (a) sec , (b) 4 cm, (c) 2.40 kg m/sec 11.
10 7
 F(K 2  K 3 ) 1 K 1K 2  K 2K 3  K 3K 1
12. K 1K 2  K 2K 3  K 3K 1 , 2 M (K 2  K 3 ) 13. 1m 14. (i) 2T0, (ii) 3 g upwards

   17L 3
15. (a) 2 a  g , (b) 2 g – a , (c) 2 16. 2
18 g 17. sec
0 0 g 2

3 5 –1  1 
18. A , tan  
8 2

Exercise - 3 | Level-II Subjective | JEE Advanced

1 
1. y = 0.1 sin (4t +/4) 2. 65 m / s 3.
2 
1 1 2 1
4. 1.8 a 5. 6. 10 6 cm , sin –1 – sec
3  3 6
7. 3cm, x = 10 – 3 sin 5t; E = 0.135 J 8. 0.8t + 0.12 sin 10t

2mg  M  m  ab 1 2mg
9. (a) K= ; (c)   ,
b–a m  b – a 2 (b – a)(M  m)

1 2
10. f= ; E = 42 × 10–5 J; v =2 × 10–2 m/s 11. (a) 2 sec. (b) T = sec.
 51/ 4

1  (P0  mg / A ) A
12. 1m 13. 0.06 m 14. f 
2 mh

15. a 7/4

Exercise - 4 | Level-I Previous Year | JEE Main

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A
6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B
16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. C 23. A

Exercise - 4 | Level-II Previous Year | JEE Advanced

mg g
1. C 2. y* =  2 <a 3. A,B,D 4. C
k 
5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A,D 9. C
10. B 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D
15. C 16. B 17. A,D 18. B,D 19. A,B,D