Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Key Points
An equation of the form ax  by  c  0 , where a, b, c are real nos ( a  0,b  0) is called a linear
equation in two variables x and y.
3
Ex : (i) x  5 y  2  0 (ii)x  y 1
2
 The general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y is
a1 x  b1 y  c1  0
a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
where a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,a2 ,b2 ,c2 are all real nos and a1  b1  0,a2  0,b2  0 .
Examples : x  3 y  6  0
2 x  3 y  12  0
 Graphical representation of a pair of linear equations in two variables:
a1 x  b1 y  c1  0
a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
a1 b1
(i) will represent intersecting lines if a  b
2 2

i.e. unique solution. And this type of equations are called consistent pair of linear equations.
Ex: x  2 y  0
3 x  4 y  20  0
Co-ordinates of the point of intersection gives the solution of the equations.
 a1 b1 c1
(ii) will represent overlapping or coincident lines if a  b  c
2 2 2

i.e. Infinitely many solutions, consistent or dependent pair of linear equations

Ex: 2 x  3 y  9  0
4 x  6 y  18  0
The graph is Coincident lines,

a1 b1 c1
(iii) will represent parallel lines if a  b  c
2 2 2

i.e. no solution and called inconsistent pair of linear equations

Ex: x  2 y  4  0
2 x  4 y  12  0
Parallel lines, no solution.

(iv) Algebraic methods of solving a pair of linear equations:

(i) Substitution method
(ii) Elimination Method
(iii) Cross multiplication method
 Problems for BOARD (CBSE)
Level - 1
1. Find the value of ‘a’ so that the point (2, 9) lies on the line represented by ax  3 y  5
2. Find the value of k so that the lines 2 x  3 y  9 and kx  9 y  18 will be parallel.
3. Find the value of k for which x  2 y  5,3 x  ky  15  0 is inconsistent
1 5
4. Check whether given pair of lines is consistent or not 5 x  1  2 y , y   x
2 2
5. Write any one equation of the line which is parallel to  2 x   3 y  5
6. Determine the value of ‘a’ if the system of linear equations 3 x  2 y  4  0 and ax  y  3  0 will
represent intersecting lines.
7. Find the point of intersection of line 3 x  7 y  3 with x-axis
8. For what value of k the following pair has infinite number of solutions:
(k  3) x  3 y  k k ( x  y )  12
Level - 2

1. 5 pencils and 7pens together cost Rs. 50 whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46. Find the cost
of one pencil and that of one pen.
2. Solve the equations:
3x  y  3
7 x  2 y  20
3. Find the fraction which becomes to 2/3 when the numerator is increased by 2 and equal to4/7 when
the denominator is increased by 4
4. Solve the equation:
px  qy  p  q
qx  py  p  q
Level - 3

1. Solve the equation using the method of substitution:

3 x  5 y  1 x  y  1
2. Solve the equations:
1 1 1 1
  1   8 Where, x  0, y  0
2x y x 2y
3. Solve the equations by using the method of cross multiplication:
x y 7 5 x  12 y  7
4. A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 paisa coins in his purse, If he has 50 coins in all totaling Rs. 11.25,
how many coins of each kind does he have.
5. For what value of k, will the system of equations
x  2y  5 3 x  ky  15  0 has a unique solution.
 Level - 4
1. Draw the graphs of the equations
4x  y  4
4 x  y  12
Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines representing these equations and the x-axis.
Shade the triangular region so formed
2. Solve Graphically
x  y  1 and 3 x  2 y  12
Calculate the area bounded by these lines and the x- axis
3. Solve :- for u & v
4u  v  14uv 3u  2v  16uv where u  0,v  0
4. Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hr , and upstream 4 km in 2 hr . Find her speed of rowing in still
water and the speed of the current.
5. In a ABC ,C  3,B  2(A  B ) find the these angle.
6. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 14 days.
Find the time taken by 1 man alone and that by one boy alone to finish the work .
7. Find the value of K for which the system of linear equations 2 x  5 y  3,( k  1) x  2( k  2) y  2k will
have infinite number of solutions.
Additional Problems:

1. Solve for x and y:

x y  ab ax  by  a 2  b 2
2. For what value of k will the equation x  5 y  7  0 and 4 x  20 y  k  0 represent coincident lines?
3. Solve graphically: 3 x  y  1  0 2x  3y  8  0
4. The sum of digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed.
Find the number.
5. Draw the graph of x  2 y  7  0 and 2 x  y  4  0 . Shade the area bounded by these lines and Y-axis.
6. Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row, there would be 2 rows less.
If one student is less in a row there would be 3 rows more. Find the number of the students in the class.
7. A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by car. If he covers 250 km by train and the rest by the
car it takes him 4 hours, but if he travels 130 km by train and the rest by car, he takes 18 minutes longer.
Find the speed of the train and that of the car
8. Given linear equation 2 x  3 y  8  0 , write another linear equation such that the geometrical
representation of the pair so formed is (i) intersecting lines, (ii) Parallel Lines.

Value Based Questions :-

Q1. The owner of a taxi cab company decides to run all the cars he has on CNG fuel instead of petrol/diesel.
The car hire charges in city comprises of fixed charges together with the charge for the distance covered.
For a journey of 12km, the charge paid Rs.89 and for a journey of 20 km, the charge paid is Rs. 145.
i. What will a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km?
ii. Which concept has been used to find it?
iii. Which values of the owner have been depicted here?
Q2. Riya decides to use public transport to cover a distance of 300 km. She travels this distance partly by
train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60km by train and the remaining by bus. If she
travels 100 km. by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes more.
i. Find speed of train and bus separately.
ii. Which concept has been used to solve the above problem?
iii. Which values of Riya have been depicted here?
 Problems for ZIELS
2
1. The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to the second term is and the ratio of the second
3
5
to the third is , then the second number is
8
(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 32
2. Suppose you walk from home to the bus stand at 4 km/h and immediately return at x km/h. If the average
speed is 6 km/h. then x is
(A) 8 km/h (B) 10 km/h (C) 12 km/h
(D) Cannot be determind unless the distance from home to bus stand is known

1 1
3. A man can row three quarters of a km against the stream in 11 minutes and return in 7 minutes. The
4 2
speed of the man in still water is
(A) 2 km/h (B) 3km/h (C) 4km/h (D) 5 km/h
4. A tank cab be filled by one tap in 20 minutes and by another in 25 minutes. Both the taps are kept open for
5 minutes and then the second is turned off. In how many minutes more is the tank completely filled ?
1
(A) 6 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 17
2
5. A boat whose speed is 18 km/hr in still water takes 1 hr more to go 24 km upstream then to return
downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
(A) 8 km/hr (B) 6 km/hr (C) 10 km/hr (D) 5.5 km/hr
6. If x  9ab where a is an integer consists of a sequence of 2014 eights and the integer b consists of a
sequence of 2014 fives. what is the sum digits of x ?
(A) 9000 (B) 26191 (C) 18000 (D) 8585
7. The product two numbers is 110 and the sum of their squares is 264, then the sum of these numbers can be
(A) 22 (B) 24 (C) 20 (D) 28
8. Five years ago, the sum of ages of the father and the son was 40 years. In present. if the ratio of their ages
is 4 : 1, then the present age of father is
(A) 30 yrs (B) 40 yrs (C) 45 yrs (D) 42 yrs
9. The sum of two numbers is 100 and one number is two less than twice the other number. Then the num-
bers are
(A) 34, 66 (B) 24, 76 (C) 44, 56 (D) 46, 54
10. The difference between a two digit given number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is
27. The sum of the two digits is
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) Cannot be found
11. In a given fraction if the number is multiplied by 3 and the denominator is subtracted by 3, the fraction
18 2
becomes and if the numerator is increased by 8 and the denominator doubled the fraction becomes .
11 5
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of the given fraction is
(A) 27 (B) 33 (C) 37 (D) 42
12. a and b are both 4 digit numbers a > b and one is obtained from the other by reversing the digits. The the
a  b b 1
value of b if 
5 2
(A) 2003 (B) 1002 (C) 2005 (D) 2015
13. If the system of equations kx  3 y  ( k  3) 0,12
 x  ky  k  0 has infinitely many solutions, then k =
(A) 6 (B) -6 (C) 0 (D) None of these
14. In a hostel, there was sufficient food for zoo students for 31 days . After 27 days 120 students left the
hostel. For how many extra days will the rest of food last for remaining students ?
(A) 8 days (B) 6 days (C) 12 days (D) 10 days

Problems for GENIUS

1. The centre of a clock is taken as origin. At 4.30 pm, the question of line along minute hand is x = 0.
Therefore at this instant the equation of the line along the hour hand will be
x
(A) x  y  0 (B) x  y  0 (C) y  2 x (D) y 
2

2. A pair of equations x  a and y  b graphically represent lines which are

(A) Intersecting at (a, b) (B) Intersecting at (b, a)
(B) Parallel (D) Coincident

3. Equation of the line passing through (-1, 2) and perpendicular to x  y  2  0 is

(A) x  y  1 (B) x  y  1 (C) x  y  2 (D) x  y  1  0

4. A(2,5) and B (3, 2) are the two points on a straight line. If AB is extended to C such that
AC  2 BC , then the coordinates of C are
1 3 7 1
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C) (8, 1) (D) ( 1,8)
2 2 2 2
5. Coordinates of P and Q are (4, 3) and ( 1, 7). The abscissa of a point R on the line segment
PR 3
PQ such that  is
PQ 5
18 17 17
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
5 5 8

6. The area of a triangle is 5 square units. Two of its vertices are (2, 1) and (3, -2). The third vertex lies
on y  x  3. The third vertex can be
7 3  7 3  3 13  7 5
(A)  ,  (B)   ,  (C)   ,  (D)  , 
2 2  2 2  2 2 2 2
7. The lines x  3 y  4 and 3 x  y  4 are
(A) Parallel to each other (B) Perpendicular to each other
(C) Identical (D) Equidistant from the origin

8. If the co-ordinate of two opposite vertices of a square are (a, b) and (b, a), then the area of the square
is
(A) (a  b) 2 (B) 2(a  b) 2 (C) (a  b) 2 (D) 2(a  b) 2
9. In the coordinate plane, the set of points A0 , A1 , A2 , A3 ,.... An are determined as follows. A0 is the
point (3, 4), A2 is the image of A1 reflected through the origin, for k  3 Ak is the image of Ak 1
reflected through Ak  2 . Then the length of the line segment A0 A7 is
(A) 100 (B) 215 (C) 125 (D) 251

AP 1
10. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(2,1) and B (5, 8) such that  . If P lines
AB 3
on the line 2 x  y  k  0, then the value of k is
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 3

11. The area of the figure formed by the intersection of lines x  0, y  0, x  3, y  4 will be
(A) 3 sq. unit (B) 4 sq. unit (C) 6 sq unit (D) 12 sq unit

12. If the line segments joining the points (a,b) and (c, d) subtends a right angle at the origin, then which
of the equation is correct?
(A) ac  bd  0 (B) ac  bd  0 (C) ab  cd  0 (D) ab  cd  0
13. ABC is a triangle with vertices A(1, 2), B ( , 2), C (1,  ), then the orthocenter of the ABC has
coordinates
 2 4    1 2      
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C) (1, 2) (D)  , 
 3 3   2 2  3 3

14. If the vertices of a triangle are (1, 2), (4, -6) and (3, 5), then
(A) The triangle is right angled (B) The area of triangle is 12.5 sq. units
(C) The points do not form a triangle (D) None of these
15. The value(s) of a for which area of triangle, whose vertices are A(a, 2a ), B ( 2a, 6) and C (3,1) is 10
square units are
8 8
(A) 0, 3 (B) 5, 8 (C) 3, (D) 0,
3 3
16. The circle S1 has centre at (1, 2) and radius 3, the circle S 2 has centre at (9, 8) and radius 7. The
circles S1 and S 2 touch at the point whose coordinates are

 17 19   33 31   17 19   33 31 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 5 5  5 5  10 10   10 10 
 ANSWER KEY
BOARD
Level - 1
1) 32 2) 6 3) 6 4) consistent
3
5) 5 2 x  5 3 y  5 5 6) a 7) ( 1,0) 8) k 6
2
Level - 2
1) Pencil-3, Pen-5 2) x  2, y  3 3) 28/45 4) x  1, y  1
Level - 3
1 1
1. x  2, y  1 2. x  , y  3. x  11, y  4 4. 25 coins
6 4
5. k  6
Level - 4
1. (2, 4) (1, 0) (3, 0) 2. 7.5 sq. unit 3. u  1 2 ,v  1
4 4. still water speed 6 km/hr
current speed 4 km/hr 5. A  20,B  40 C  120 6. Man=140 days,
Boy=280 day 7. K  3

ZIELS
01 C 02 C 03 D 04 B 05 B 06 B 07 A 08 B
09 A 10 D 11 C 12 A 13 A 14 D

GENIUS
01 B 02 A 03 A 04 C 05 C 06 B 07 D 08 C
09 B 10 A 11 D 12 B 13 C 14 B 15 D 16 A