REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item Description Page

1.0 SCOPE.......................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 STANDARDS .............................................................................................................. 2
3.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION.................................................................................... 3
3.1 RTU ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS........................................................... 3
3.2 RTU INSTALLATION REQUIREMENT................................................................... 8
3.3 RTU RELIABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY ........................................................... 9
3.4 RTU POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................... 9
3.5 RTU CLOCK...............................................................................................................11
3.6 INTERFACE TO SCADA MASTER STATION .......................................................12
3.7 RTU ALARM DETECTION ......................................................................................13
3.8 DIGITAL INPUT SUBSYSTEM................................................................................13
3.9 BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) ........................................................................16
3.10 COUNTERS/ACCUMULATORS ..............................................................................16
3.11 DC ANALOGUE INPUT SUB-SYSTEM..................................................................17
3.12 CONTROL OUTPUTS ...............................................................................................19
3.13 ANALOG OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM ...........................................................................23
3.14 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL...............................................................23
3.15 SUBMASTER CAPABILITY ....................................................................................24
3.16 INTERFACE TO INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES (IEDs) ......................25
3.17 PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHMS ........................................................................26
3.18 RTU MAINTENANCE AND TEST EQUIPMENT...................................................27
3.19 RTU CONFIGURATION SYSTEM...........................................................................29
3.20 RTU ENCLOSURES ..................................................................................................30
4.0 DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................33
5.0 RTU FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TEST (FAT).........................................................33

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
Doc. No. TTS-TK-RTU Revision No. 0 Date 22 June 2010 Page 1 of 33
Printed from EDMS System
1.0 SCOPE

This document specifies the technical requirements for the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) to be
installed in transmission substations in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).

The technical requirements as defined in this document shall be applicable to all Remote
Terminal Units that shall be used for the monitoring and control of the power system in the
TNB’s transmission substations. In TNB, transmission system voltage is 132kV and above.

The requirements as established in this document shall be used as the basis for product
evaluation in the RTU Product Certification.

The specific requirements such as:-

i) Installation Configuration (Centralized/Decentralized)
ii) Power Supply requirements (110Vdc/48Vdc)
iii) Communications configuration (Quantity and type of communication ports)
iv) Communications Protocols (Control Center, Submaster)
v) I/O sizing
vi) Special Logic Programs/Functions
vii) Conformal Coating requirement

and any other specific project requirement shall be defined in the Project Specifications/Tender
document.

2.0 STANDARDS

This Specification makes reference to the following international standards: -

No Standard Description
1 IEC 60068-2-2 Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - Test B: Dry heat
2 IEC 60068-2-6 Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
3 IEC 60068-2-27 Environmental testing. Part 2: Tests. Test Ea and guidance: Shock.
4 IEC 60068-2-29 Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Eb and guidance: Bump
5 IEC 60068-2-30 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Test Db and guidance: Damp
heat, cyclic (12 + 12-hour cycle)
6 IEC 60068-2-78 Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
7 IEC 60255-21-1 Electrical relays - Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on
measuring relays and protection equipment - Section One: Vibration
tests (sinusoidal)
8 IEC 60255-21-2 Electrical relays - Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on
measuring relays and protection equipment - Section Two: Shock and
bump tests
9 IEC 60255-4 Electrical relays - Part 4: Single input energizing quantity measuring
relays with dependent specified time
10 IEC 60255-5 Electrical relays - Part 5 : Insulation test for electrical relays
11 IEC 60255-22-1 Measuring relays and protection equipment – Part 22-1: Electrical
disturbance tests – 1 MHz burst immunity tests
12 IEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and
measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
13 IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and
measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic

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No Standard Description
field immunity test
14 IEC 61000-4-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst
immunity test. Basic EMC Publication
15 IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test
16 IEC 61000-4-6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and
measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances,
induced by radio-frequency fields
17 IEC 61000-4-8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field
immunity test. Basic EMC Publication
18 IEC 61000-4-12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 12: Oscillatory waves immunity test.
Basic EMC Publication
19 IEC 61000-4-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-16: Testing and
measurement techniques - Test for immunity to conducted, common
mode disturbances in the frequency range 0 Hz to 150 kHz
20 IEC 61000-4-29 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-29: Testing and
measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage
variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests
21 IEC 61000-6-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-5: Generic standards -
Immunity for power station and substation environments
22 IEC TS 61000-6-5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-5: Generic Standards -
Immunity for Power Station and Substation
23 IEC 60297 Mechanical structures for electronic equipment - Dimensions of
mechanical structures of the 482,6 mm (19 in) series
24 IEC 60870-2-1 Telecontrol Equipment and Systems – Part 2: Operating Conditions –
Section: Power Supply and Electromagnetic Compatibility
25 IEC 60870-3 Telecontrol Equipment and Systems – Part 3: Interfaces (Electrical
Characteristics)
26 IEC 60870-4 Telecontrol Equipment and Systems – Part 4: Performance
Requirements
27 IEC 60870-5-101 Telecontrol Equipment and Systems – Part 5-101: Transmission
Protocols – Companion standard for basic Telecontrol tasks
28 IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General
(2001-10) requirements
29 IEC 61010-01 Safety requirements for Electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use.
30 IEC 1131-3 programmable controller programming languages
31 BS 381C European Colour Standard
32 CISPR 22 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement

3.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

3.1 RTU ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 General Environmental Requirements

Equipment and enclosures used shall be suitable for the climate and environmental conditions
pertaining to site and shall be:-

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 i) Vermin-proof,
ii) Of tropical design,
iii) Of robust construction
iv) Insensitive to changes of temperature, humidity, vibration etc.

The following sections describe the type testing requirements to be met by the RTU.

The vendor shall show proof that the equipment and all its modules are fully compliant to all
type test requirements as defined in this specification by the submission of type test
certificates and test reports. Only certificates and reports issued by independent third-party
internationally accredited testing laboratories shall be accepted.

The type testing must be carried out on the same model and configuration as the equipment
submitted for product certification.

Alternatively, if the vendor is unable to submit independent type test certificates as required
above, the vendor shall be required to carry out the type tests as specified in accordance with
this specification and IEC/CCITT including special tests if any in the manufacturer’s
laboratories and shall be witnessed by the TNB or its appointed inspectors. The full cost of
the type tests including witnessing by the TNB or its appointed inspectors shall be borne by
the vendor.

3.1.2 Atmospheric Environment

3.1.2.1 Operating Temperature

The RTU is required to operate satisfactorily over the ambient range 0°C to +55°C, and
tested to IEC 60068-2-2 with severity class 55°C, 96 hours. Maximum rate of change
20°C/h.

The RTU shall be able to operate normally within the operating ambient temperature range
specified above, with no reduction in reliability, without the aid of any forced cooling
systems.

3.1.2.2 Relative Humidity:

The RTU is required to operate satisfactorily over the relative humidity range 5% to 95%,
and tested to IEC 60068-2-78 with severity class 40°C, 95%, 10 days (steady state). The
RTU shall also be tested to IEC 60068-2-30 for six 12 + 12 hour cycles between 25 to 55°C
at 95% RH (cyclic-6 cycles). Maximum absolute humidity 28 g/m3.

3.1.3 Mechanical Environment

3.1.3.1 Vibration Response and Endurance Test:

The RTU shall meet the requirement of IEC 60255-21-1, IEC 60068-2-6 with severity Class
1. The test shall consist of a resonant search over the range 10 to 150 Hz with a severity of
not less than 4.9 m/s sq. at a nominal sweep rate of one octave per minute. The test shall be
performed on complete assemblies and during the tests, performance checks shall be made.
Any resonance detected that are likely to be detrimental to performance or equipment life
shall be rectified.

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3.1.3.2 Shock Response and Withstand Test, Bump Test:

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 60255-21-2, IEC 60068-2-27, IEC
60068-2-29 with severity Class 1.

3.1.4 Electrical Environment

In the following section distinction is made between non-damage and non maloperation
testing.

No-damage tests (no flashover and damage) are self explanatory, and shall be performed on
de-energized equipment.

Non-maloperation tests shall be performed on energized equipment.

During the disturbance, the following performance criteria shall be met:-

i) Analogue Inputs - variations shall not exceed twice the class index for inputs
associated with analogue quantities,
ii) Digital type inputs - no variation in indicated state should occur,
iii) Pulse count inputs - no spurious count and no incorrect count value reported
iv) Control outputs - no unintentional change in output or reported status,
v) Analogue outputs – no unintentional change in analogue output value,
vi) Communications link – retries are permissible but no erroneous information shall be
exchanged,
vii) RTU operation – continuous operation with no stops or resets.

After the test has been applied, the equipment under test must recover and return to full
operational status.

The following type test requirements shall apply to all modules covered under this project’s
scope of supply unless specifically stated otherwise.

Where the test specifically states that the test is to be performed on the RTU system, this shall
mean a complete functional RTU with all the processor, serial communications and
input/output modules assembled in the RTU cabinet.

The requirements in this section were based on guidelines established by IEC 60870-2-1 and
IEC TS 61000-6-5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 6-5: Generic Standards –
Immunity for power station and substation environments.

3.1.4.1 Insulation (Non –Damage)

3.1.4.1.1 Dielectric

All inputs shall have an insulation resistance to earth at 500 V dc of greater than 100
Mohm. In addition, all inputs that will have a direct connection to items of plant (such as
the transducer inputs and plant status inputs), shall withstand 2 kV ac to earth for a period
of 1 minute, and 1 kV ac withstand across open relay contact circuits..

The tests are to be conducted in accordance with guidelines established in IEC 60255-5.
The test voltages shall be applied in the following manner:-

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 • Between each isolated input and earth
• Between each isolated input and all other inputs connected together
• Between each isolated output and earth
• Between each isolated output and all other outputs connected together
• Between all isolated inputs connected together and all isolated outputs connected
together
• Between power supply terminals and all isolated input and output terminals
connected to earth

3.1.4.1.2 Impulse Voltage

All inputs shall meet the requirements of the impulse voltages tests of IEC 60255-4
Appendix E (1.2/50 waveform, 0.5 joule), with a test voltage of 5 kV for common mode
tests. For differential mode tests the test voltage shall be 1 kV.

The test voltages shall be applied in the following manner:-

• Between each terminal and the safety earth (Common mode)

• Between individual terminals of all independent circuit (including power supplies)
(Common mode between separate circuits)
• Between signal terminals of the same circuit (Differential mode)
• Between all combinations of DC power supply terminals and signal terminals for
I/O of greater than 24 V (External supply) (Differential mode)

3.1.4.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (Non-maloperation)

3.1.4.2.1 Mains Frequency Voltage

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-16 Level 4.

The test voltages shall be applied in the following manner:-

• Between each terminal and the safety earth (Common mode)

• Between individual terminals of all independent circuit (including power supplies)
(Common mode between separate circuits)
• Between signal terminals of the same circuit (Differential mode)
• Between all combinations of DC power supply terminals and signal terminals for
I/O of greater than 24 V (External supply) (Differential mode)

3.1.4.2.2 High Frequency disturbance (Damped Oscillatory Waves)

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 60255-22-1 or IEC 61000-4-12 Level 3.
The test waveform is a 1 MHz damped oscillatory waveform from a 200 ohm source. The
decay envelope shall be down to 50% in 3 to 6 cycles and the repetition rate shall be 400
Hz. The tests shall be applied for 2 seconds at a test voltage of 2.5 kV for common mode
tests. For differential mode tests the test voltage shall be 1 kV.

The test voltages shall be applied in the following manner:-

• Between each terminal and the safety earth (Common mode)

• Between individual terminals of all independent circuit (including power supplies)
(Common mode between separate circuits)

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 • Between signal terminals of the same circuit (Differential mode)
• Between all combinations of DC power supply terminals and signal terminals for
I/O of greater than 24 V (External supply) (Differential mode)

3.1.4.2.3 Electrostatic Discharges

The equipment shall meet the requirements of the test in IEC 61000-4-2 level 3. The test
voltage shall be 6 kV for contact discharge tests. For air discharge tests the test voltage
shall be 8 kV.

3.1.4.2.4 Radiated Electromagnetic Field Disturbance (non-maloperation)

The equipment shall meet the requirements of the following tests at a field strength of 10
V/m over the frequency range of 80 to 3000 MHz (80% AM; 1 kHz) IEC 61000-4-3 Level
3.

3.1.4.2.5 Fast Transient

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-4 with severity level 4.

Full test value of 4kV shall be applied for the power supply ports.

Test value of 2kV shall be applied for signal ports (analogue input/output, digital
input/output, communication ports). TNB is planning to increase the test value for signal
ports to 4kV, in order to be consistent with recommendations of IEC 61000-6-5.

3.1.4.2.6 Conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields, amplitude modulated

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-6 with severity level 3: 10V; 9
kHz to 80 MHz; 80% AM; 1 kHz.

3.1.4.2.7 Power frequency magnetic field

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-8 with severity level 4; 30 A/m
continuous; 300 A/m for 3 s pulse.

TNB is planning to revise this requirement to meet requirements of Level 5; 100 A/m
continuous; 1000 A/m for 1 second, in order to be consistent with recommendations of IEC
61000-6-5.

3.1.4.2.8 Surge immunity

The equipment shall meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-5 with severity level 3 for both
signal and power ports.

TNB is planning to increase the requirement for signal ports to level 4, in order to be
consistent with recommendations of IEC 61000-6-5.

3.1.4.2.9 Conducted interference voltage, aux. Voltage

The equipment shall meet the requirements of CISPR 22; class A 150 kHz to 30 MHz.

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3.1.4.2.10 Interference field strength

The equipment shall meet the requirements of CISPR 22, class A 30 MHz to 1000 MHz.

3.1.4.2.11 DC supply interruptions IEC 60255-11

The equipment shall withstand a 20 ms interruption in the auxiliary supply under normal
operating conditions without de-energizing. The 20ms interruption shall be repeated three
times with a maximum interval of 60 ms in between interruptions.

TNB is planning to revise this requirement to meet requirements of IEC 61000-4-29 which
specifies that the equipment must be able to withstand:-

i) an interruption of 50 ms (100% u)
ii) a voltage dip of 30% for 0.1s
iii) a voltage dip of 60% for 0.1 s

in order to be consistent with recommendations of IEC 61000-6-5.

3.1.4.2.12 AC ripple on DC supply IEC 61000-4-17

The equipment shall withstand 10% ripple on the DC auxiliary supply.

3.1.5 Safety

The RTU shall conform to the requirements of either

i) IEC 61010-01 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,

control and laboratory use.

ii) IEC 60950-1 (2001-10) Information Technology Equipment – Safety – Part 1:

General Requirements

3.2 RTU INSTALLATION REQUIREMENT

3.2.1 The RTU shall support both centralized and decentralized installation. For centralized
installation, all RTU modules will be mounted at a central location in RTU cubicles and all
I/Os from the plant can be cabled directly to this central location or via a separate interface
panel. For decentralized installations, the RTU’s modules may be dispersed over a wide
physical area (300m radius) and will be required to interface with multiple SCADA interface
panels which are also dispersed over a wide area within the substation compound. Please
refer to Appendix A for guideline on RTU installation in Tenaga Nasional Berhad.

3.2.2 The RTU shall be able to accommodate installation in this decentralized manner by either:-

i) Dispersing the I/O modules using serial electrical (RS-485) or fibre optics.
(Distributed I/O Architecture).
ii) Having smaller RTUs physically dispersed in a network configuration. (Networked
RTU Architecture).

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3.3 RTU RELIABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY

3.3.1 The RTU shall be manufactured to the highest possible quality so as to achieve a minimum
of 15 years design life.

3.3.2 All basic critical RTU functionalities specified in this document shall be intrinsic embedded
RTU functions that will be made available as in-built functionality without using logic
programming or external algorithms.

3.3.3 The RTU shall be designed and manufactured in a manner as to enable standard operation
and maintenance tasks to be carried out effectively and safely.

3.3.4 The RTU shall be designed such that, on average, it shall not take trained maintenance
personnel more than 1 hour to repair the RTU. The time taken to repair the RTU includes the
time taken to diagnose and rectify the fault and does not include traveling time. (IEC 60870-
4 Table 4 Class RT4).

3.3.5 The availability of the RTUs shall be ≥ 99.95% (IEC 60870-4 Table 2 Class A3) over the
normal useful life expectancy of the RTU (not to be less than 10 years) exclusive of
communication channel and other purchaser' s caused down time.

3.3.6 The RTU vendor shall declare the Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) and the Mean Repair
Time (MRT) figures used to establish the RTU availability.

3.3.7 A known standard for the components reliability such as MIL-HDBK-217 shall be used to
determine the MTBF and Failure Rate (α) for each module that constitutes the RTU. MTBF
and Failure Rate data derived from field reliability studies shall only be accepted if the
module has already been in commercial service for at least 3 years.

3.3.8 For the purpose of calculating the MTBF for a complete RTU system, the failure of any
module within the RTU shall constitute the failure of the whole RTU.

3.3.9 The RTU Vendor shall declare the configuration of the RTU that shall meet the reliability
requirements as defined in this specification.

3.4 RTU POWER SUPPLY

3.4.1 The RTU shall be equipped with a power supply module that shall provide all necessary
power needed for the operation of the RTU.

3.4.2 The 110V DC Center-Tap Earthed System is used for the control and protection systems in
TNB transmission substations.

Additionally, some of the transmission substations are equipped with 48Vdc chargers for the
telecommunication equipment. The 48V dc supply system is configured for positive earth.

The RTU shall be able to derive its supply from both DC supply system (either 110Vdc
center-tap earthed or 48Vdc positive earth).

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3.4.3 The RTU power supply module shall be able to operate from an input substation DC power
supply with a tolerance of +20% and -15% of nominal input voltage and maintain full
normal operation over the input supply range.

3.4.4 When the RTU experiences a fault within its power supply system, it shall contain the fault
within the RTU and not cause disruption to the station dc supply such as causing a short
circuit on the supply or earth faults.

3.4.5 The RTU shall recover from and resume normal operation after experiencing a momentary
(longer than 20ms) short circuit on any one of the power supply outputs. The recovery shall
be automatic without requiring manual intervention.

3.4.6 The RTU power supply shall have adequate protection to prevent overloading on the input
supply.

3.4.7 Suitably rated input transient overvoltage protection shall be incorporated into the RTU’s
power supply design.

3.4.8 The RTU shall sustain normal operation during slow variations of the power supply voltage
from nominal value to zero and zero to nominal. Below the cut-off voltage, the RTU will
shutdown in an orderly manner without generating any spurious alarms, wild fluctuations in
analog readings as well as unintended control operations.

3.4.9 Power supply busbars in cabinets shall be carefully routed and each busbar shall be
shrouded. It shall not be possible to inadvertently short busbars either between themselves or
to earth.

3.4.10 Segregated fusing and isolation facilities shall be provided for the power supply to all
modules.

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3.5 RTU CLOCK

3.5.1 The RTU shall be equipped with a real time clock system, with full calendar (including leap
year support), to allow the RTU to: -

i) Accurately provide the correct date and time for its operation,
ii) Accurately time-tag data acquisition and control events such as digital input
changes, control executions and analog readings.
iii) Start up with the current date and time without the need for any manual settings or
adjustments.
iv) Schedule execution of internal programs and algorithms
v) Accurately record system events such as program start or end time, system faults
etc.
vi) Maintain time synchronization with the SCADA system to be within 10ms for
accurate and correct interpretation of time-tagged events.

3.5.2 The minimum discernable change in the time generated by the RTU Clock is defined as the
RTU Clock Resolution. The RTU clock resolution shall be ≤ 1 millisecond (IEC 60870-4
Table 7 Class TR4).

3.5.3 The clocks shall have an accuracy of ±2 ppm and shall not drift more than 7.2 msec per
hour.

3.5.4 The RTU shall be capable of supporting a master station protocol that contains time
synchronization information.

3.5.5 The RTU shall support GPS time-synchronization to enable automatic and continuous
updating of the RTU’s calendar date and time in the following format: year/ month/ date/
hour/ minute/ second /millisecond. For time-synchronization using external, standalone,
commercial off-the–shelf (COTS) GPS receiver clock, the RTU shall accept a commercially
available non-proprietary Time Code synchronization.

3.5.6 It shall be able to configure the RTU to accept GPS time synchronization or time
synchronization from any one of the Control Centers that the RTU is connected to.

3.5.7 The RTU shall be equipped with time synchronization arbitration facility such that it shall be
possible to assign any synchronizing source (GPS or Master Stations) as the primary time
synchronizing source. Upon failure of the primary source, the next ranked source’s time
shall be used for time synchronization. The failure shall activate a Primary Source
Synchronization Lost Alarm. On recovery of the primary source the alarm shall be
automatically deactivated. The primary source for time synchronization for RTUs equipped
with a GPS receiver shall be the GPS time. The RTU’s internal clock shall be the last choice
for synchronization.

3.5.8 The RTU shall have the capability of detecting and notifying the Master Station that its
clock drift had exceeded the specified accuracy.

3.5.9 The maximum difference between the time used for synchronization, i.e. the time of the
synchronizing clock (GPS or Control Center), and the time of the clock that is being
synchronized is defined as the Time Synchronization Error. When the RTU is synchronized
using GPS time, the maximum allowable time synchronization error shall be less than one

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 millisecond. For RTUs with I/O modules that have their own clocks, the maximum error
between its clock and the synchronizing clock shall be less than one millisecond as well.

3.6 INTERFACE TO SCADA MASTER STATION

The RTU shall be equipped with all the necessary hardware and software for communication
with TNB’s transmission current Network Control Centre (NCC) as well as the upcoming
future NCC. The RTU shall communicate to transmission NCC using the TNB Ext. WISP+
protocol and communicate with future NCCs using the TNB IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC
60870-5-104 protocols.

3.6.1 General

3.6.1.1 To facilitate communication to SCADA Master Stations and to satellite RTUs, each RTU
shall have the capability to support 8 serial communication ports.

3.6.1.2 In addition to the serial ports, the RTU must have the capability to support TCP/IP
Ethernet connection to TNB’s wide area network.

3.6.1.3 The RTU shall have the capability to support communication to SCADA Master Stations
and to satellite RTUs through a radio medium, and shall have the capability to initiate the
radio connection on its own upon an event.

3.6.1.4 The RTU shall be equipped with the capability to configure the communication ports as
main and standby or redundant ports for communication to SCADA master stations.

3.6.1.5 When the communication ports are configured as Main and Standby ports, the RTU shall
monitor communications with the Master Station and in the event of a loss of
communications on the main channel, failover from the main communication channel to a
standby channel shall occur. Configuration parameters such as port selection and timeout
period shall be user selectable.

3.6.1.6 Assignment of communications protocols to master station communication ports shall be

via software (programmable) using the RTU Configuration System.

3.6.1.7 Each communication port shall function independently from other ports. Each port shall be
unaffected by simultaneous activity on other communication ports.

3.6.1.8 All protocol, configuration related components and firmware shall be designed to facilitate
easy reconfiguration and updating.

3.6.1.9 The RTU shall support communication simultaneous with multiple master stations using
various multi port schemes, common or different communication protocols and at different
baud rates.

3.6.1.10 The RTU shall be designed such that when configured for communication with multiple
SCADA Master Stations, the master stations can share a single RTU point independently
and that the operation of one shall not affect the others.

3.6.1.11 Communications error to any one master station shall not affect communication to the
other master station.

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3.6.2 Serial Communication Ports

3.6.2.1 Each serial communication port shall comply with ITU-T V.24/V.28 (RS-232C) using
standard DB-connector or RJ connector.

3.6.2.2 Each serial communication port shall be fully programmable to operate on the baud rates
supported by the Master Station.

3.6.2.3 Each serial communication port shall be equipped with suitably rated surge protectors.

3.6.3 TCP/IP Ports

3.6.3.1 The purpose of the TCP/IP port is to enable communication to SCADA Masters and
satellite RTUs over TNB’s wide area network (WAN) communication system. Each
TCP/IP communication port shall be compatible with the relevant industry standards to
facilitate this capability.

3.6.3.2 The TCP/IP communication port shall support a communication rate of 10Mb/s.

3.6.3.3 The TCP/IP interface shall support common, commercially available, industry standard
interface.

3.6.3.4 The protocols used in TNB’s TCP/IP network system is IEC 60870-5-104

3.7 RTU ALARM DETECTION

3.7.1 The RTU shall detect the malfunction of any circuit board within the RTU, host
communication fail and lack of response from any Slave RTU or Serial I/O Device, failure
of DC power supply and shall be indicated by visual alarms. In the event of a failure,
common visual alarm should automatically be activated. On clearing the fault, the alarm
should automatically be deactivated.

3.7.2 The RTU shall include extensive self-testing.

3.7.3 One pair of auxiliary contacts shall be provided for the summary alarm to indicate RTU
FAULT for external connections. – RTU panel and Station Local Annunciator panel.

3.7.4 The RTU shall provide access to alarm status information via the Maintenance Port.

3.8 DIGITAL INPUT SUBSYSTEM

3.8.1 The Digital Input Subsystem shall be made up of modules and termination assemblies to
monitor the state of devices and alarms through the sensing of the state of contacts. These
contacts from the plant equipment are voltage free contacts.

3.8.2 Each digital input shall function independently of any other and may be configured as any of
the following type of digital point: –

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 • Single bit digital input
• Double bit digital input

3.8.3 Not more than 16 digital input points shall share one signal common.

3.8.4 The digital inputs shall be wired to voltage-free contacts from the plant. The RTU shall
provide the wetting voltage to these contacts.

3.8.5 The RTU shall use fuses or other appropriate protection devices to provide the wetting
voltage for the digital inputs such that faults from the plant wires, such as earth faults and
incorrect wiring resulting in an introduction of external voltages into the RTU, will not
affect the supply to other modules or damage to any of the RTU modules.

3.8.6 All digital input circuits shall be individually optically isolated.

3.8.7 It shall be possible to invert digital inputs, on a per point basis, so that a “B” or normally
closed contact can be reported as an “A” or normally open contact.

3.8.8 All digital inputs shall be scanned by the RTU at least once every millisecond.

3.8.9 The RTU must be able to detect and process any event of at least 5ms in duration.

3.8.10 The RTU shall have a programmable debounce filter that can be configured to reject pulses
from 5ms to 25 ms in width, in 1ms steps. A digital filter is preferred for this application.

3.8.11 It shall be possible to manually disable reporting of digital input points via configuration on
a single and double point input basis.

3.8.12 When a point changes state repeatedly, the point is said to be chattering. The RTU shall be
equipped with anti-chatter algorithm to reduce nuisance reporting of noisy or chattering
plant contacts. The relay chatter filter will have two configurable parameters; the number of
changes, Nc and the chatter filter period, Tc, to define its filtering function. If a point
changes state more than Nc times within a period of Tc, the system will mark the point as
chattering and disable it so that no further changes of state or events will be recorded until
the point recovers from chattering. The relay chatter filter must be able to automatically
restore monitoring of the point when it detects that it is no longer in a chattering state.

3.8.13 All digital input points, single-bit or double-bit points, shall be equipped to provide
sequence-of-events time tagging in addition to the normal function of the DI points. It shall
be possible to assign any DI data points in the RTU as an SOE point.

3.8.14 When a change of state occurs, the event shall be identified with a point identification
number, the type of event, and the time of occurrence in hours, minutes, second, and
milliseconds.

3.8.15 In order to correctly interpret time-tagged events, it shall be possible to identify events that
have been time-tagged when the RTU has lost time synchronization or when the RTU’s
clock has exceeded the specified drift.

3.8.16 All events must be time-tagged with the time of occurrence.

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3.8.17 The maximum variation between the time that the system tags an event and the actual time
the event happens is defined as the “Event Time Tagging Error”. It is normally dependant on
the frequency at which the digital input point is scanned as well as the clock resolution. The
Event Time Tagging Error should not be more than one millisecond.

3.8.18 Separating Capability is the minimum time by which events must be separated such that the
sequence of their occurrence can be determined correctly. The time separating capability
shall be ≤ 5 milliseconds for events occurring within a substation (IEC 60870-4 Table 6
Class SP3).

3.8.19 SOE Time Resolution is the minimum time by which two events must be separated in order
that the corresponding time tags are different. The Time Resolution shall not exceed one
millisecond.

3.8.20 For double-bit points configured as Sequence of Events (SOE) points, the detecting system
shall time tag the event recorded at the time of the event in the following manner:-

• If the point changes state to a transition state and then to a final valid state during that
interval, the detecting system will time-tag the event at the time that the point changes
state to a valid state.
• If the point fails to reach a valid state and remains in the transition state until the end of
the time interval, then the detecting system shall time-tag the event at the time the
point initially changes state to the transition state.

3.8.21 The RTU shall have a Main SOE buffer located in the RTU’s main processor or similar
module. This Main SOE buffer shall contain time-tagged sequential memory to store SOE
events from all the digital input modules and subsystems within the RTU. The RTU shall
use this Main SOE buffer to report SOE data to the Host. Event shall be stored in the
chronological order in which they occur. This cyclic memory buffer shall be separate from
all other RTU data buffers. When the cyclic buffer becomes full of entries that have not been
reported to the Host the event archiving ceases and the RTU notes it is now ‘losing’ events.
An alarm indication shall be provided to indicate that the RTU SOE data buffer has
overflowed. Events that have been reported to the Host can be overwritten by new events.

3.8.22 The size of the Main SOE buffer shall be configurable and shall have enough memory to
support archiving of at least ten times the number of installed digital input points.

3.8.23 For distributed I/O modules, digital input modules with individual processors as well as
RTUs that employ distributed processing, individual SOE buffers to collect and store SOE
data from its own digital input subsystem before being transferred to the Main SOE buffer
must be provided.

3.8.24 The Digital Input Subsystem shall be designed to facilitate the replacement of digital input
modules without necessitating the re-termination and re-testing of field cabling.

3.8.25 Screw-compression type terminal blocks with isolation and test points shall be used for
termination of field I/O cabling and shall be able to accommodate up to 2.5 mm sq. solid or
stranded wire. The electrical ratings shall be 15 Amps/300 Volts and dielectric withstand
shall be 3000 Volts.

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3.9 BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD)

3.9.1 The RTU shall support Binary Coded Decimal inputs through the sensing of the state of
contacts.

3.9.2 The BCD functionality shall be integrated into the Digital Input module.

3.9.3 Inputs to the BCD will be dry contacts. The contact wetting voltage options shall be the
same as for digital inputs previously specified.

3.9.4 The number of BCD digits shall be configurable from one decade (0…9) to four decade
(0000…9999) without sign.

3.9.5 A settling time shall be configurable for each BCD input for validating a stable BCD input
indication. The settling time range configurable for the BCD shall accommodate the typical
tap-changing operation times of the transformers in TNB’s power system. Any change on an
input channel shall retrigger the settling time.

3.9.6 Screw-compression type terminal blocks with isolation and test points shall be used for
termination of field I/O cabling and shall be able to accommodate up to 2.5 mm sq. solid or
stranded wire. The electrical ratings shall be 15 Amps/300 Volts and dielectric withstand
shall be 3000 Volts.

3.10 COUNTERS/ACCUMULATORS

3.10.1 Pulse counters shall be provided for accumulating kWh and KVArh readings or as
trip/operation counters for circuit breakers. Digital pulses from Purchaser-furnished meter
contacts (Form A or C) shall be processed to digitally store the accumulated pulses.

3.10.2 The counter functionality shall be integrated into the Digital Input module.

3.10.3 It shall be possible to configure the pulse counter inputs as: -

• Form A inputs
• Incrementing on each pulse cycle (count on 0 to 1 transitions only)
• Incrementing on each pulse half cycle (count on 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 transitions)

3.10.4 Inputs to the counters will be dry contacts. The contact wetting voltage options shall be the
same as for digital inputs previously specified.

3.10.5 The maximum input pulse rate will be at least 20 pulses per second.

3.10.6 Each pulse counter readings shall be maintained in 32-bit registers.

3.10.7 An automatic '

roll-over'capability is required.

3.10.8 Each counter within the RTU shall be able to accumulate any input occurring while the
counter is being read, so that no input counts will be lost.

3.10.9 The RTU shall be capable of responding to FREEZE commands generated internally within
the RTU at a regular time intervals. The FREEZE command shall cause the contents of the

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 counter register to be copied to a separate freeze register. The system shall have the
capability to read the freeze register and transmit the information to the master station at any
time without changing the contents of the register.

3.10.10 The RTU shall be capable of responding to RESET commands generated internally within
the RTU at a regular time. The RESET command effectively zeroes the counter.

3.10.11 The RTU shall be capable of responding to FREEZE & RESET commands generated
internally within the RTU at a regular interval. A reset of the count shall take place once it
has been frozen and reported. The time stamp at the time of freeze shall be recorded.

3.10.12 The time period shall be user configurable in minutes on a channel-by-channel basis, in the
range 1 – 255 minutes (default 30 minutes).

3.10.13 Screw-compression type terminal blocks with isolation and test points shall be used for
termination of field I/O cabling and shall be able to accommodate up to 2.5 mm sq. solid or
stranded wire. The electrical ratings shall be 15 Amps/300 Volts and dielectric withstand
shall be 3000 Volts.

3.11 DC ANALOGUE INPUT SUB-SYSTEM

3.11.1 The DC Analog Input Subsystem shall consist of logic and termination modules to process
and monitor plant parameters derived from plant transducers.

3.11.2 The DC Analog Input Subsystem must support differential inputs to provide maximum
noise immunity.

3.11.3 The RTU shall contain analogue-to-digital conversion equipment necessary to meet the
analogue conversion rates identified by these specifications.

3.11.4 Analogue inputs may be positive or negative unipolar, bipolar, with or without offset and
are converted to a 12 bit digitized value, with polarity bit. A/D conversion shall be with a
minimum resolution of 12 bits, plus the sign bit for bipolar conversion giving an overall
range of –4096 to +4095.

3.11.5 Over-range detection shall be provided.

3.11.6 TNB’s standard practice is to use transducers with 4 to 20mA dc outputs to measure power
system parameters. As such, the RTU’s DC Analogue Input Sub-System must support 4 to
20mA dc inputs and shall come factory-fitted with precision scaling resistors. For the 4-
20mA dc analogue inputs, 4mA will correspond to a count of 0; 20mA will correspond to
the maximum count, while 0mA will give a corresponding negative count. For a 12-bit
ADC, 4mA will correspond to 0 count, 20mA to 4095 while 0mA will give a reading of –
1024 count.

3.11.7 It shall be possible to remove or replace scaling resistors at site without any resoldering.

3.11.8 The overall accuracy of the DC Analogue Input Sub-system, from input terminal to digital
value shall be better than ±0.1% for current inputs and ±0.05% for voltage inputs, of full
scale within the specified operating range of the equipment, with less than +/-0.005% per
deg. C temperature error. In the definition of accuracy, “full scale” is the measurement
span, which is the algebraic difference of maximum positive and negative reading.

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3.11.9 The DC Analogue Input Sub-system shall exhibit common mode noise rejection
characteristics of at least 90dB from 0 to 50Hz (100 V p-p).

3.11.10 The normal (differential) mode rejection shall be at least 60 dB at 50 Hz (15V p-p).

3.11.11 Each AI module shall be equipped with an integrity check and auto calibration feature
with at least two precise reference inputs at both ends of the full-scale analogue input. The
long-term stability of the references shall be better than 0.02% of full scale over the
specified range of the operating environment of the equipment. The references shall be
used for auto calibration of the input and analogue-to-digital circuitry.

3.11.12 All analog inputs shall be protected against ground loops and power surges.

3.11.13 For current inputs, the input impedance shall be such that the voltage across the input
terminals does not exceed 5 volts with full-scale input current (Ref. IEC 60870-3 Table
12), and no damage shall occur for sustained 100% overcurrent.

3.11.14 For voltage inputs, the input impedance shall not be less than 200 kΩ per volt (Ref. IEC
60870-3 Table 12).

3.11.15 It shall be possible to replace the logic modules without breaking any analog input current
loops in the RTU.

3.11.16 Additionally, the Analog Input Subsystem shall be designed to facilitate the replacement
of modules without necessitating the re-termination and re-testing of field cabling.

3.11.17 It shall be possible to configure the analog deadband (jitter/threshold) for each analog
input point. The purpose of the analog deadband is to prevent noisy input signals from
continuously reporting analogue fluctuations within the RTU and to the Master Station.
The RTU shall only report new analog values that exceed the deadband set.

3.11.18 At the RTU, the analog deadband shall be configurable in the range of 0 to at least 5% of
full scale.

3.11.19 The RTU shall be able to accept analog deadband parameter that is downloaded by the
Master Station. (Refer IEC 60870-5-101 Parameter Download).

3.11.20 To eliminate noise fluctuations around the zero value, it shall be possible to configure the
Force To Zero value for each analog input point such that the AI Sub-system shall report a
zero value for any readings within zero and the Force to Zero value.

3.11.21 The Force To Zero parameter shall be configurable from 0 to at least 5% of full scale.

3.11.22 Using the RTU configurator/maintenance utility, it shall be possible to manually disable
reporting of analogue input points.

3.11.23 Screw-compression type terminal blocks with isolation and test points shall be used for
termination of field I/O cabling and shall be able to accommodate up to 2.5 mm sq. solid
or stranded wire. The electrical ratings shall be 15 Amps/300 Volts and dielectric
withstand shall be 3000 Volts.

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3.12 CONTROL OUTPUTS

3.12.1 The RTU shall use control outputs to control various power system devices (breaker
TRIP/CLOSE, motor operated switches OPEN/CLOSE, tap changer RAISE/LOWER,
relay RESET, digital setpoint, etc.).

3.12.2 The control output point shall be in the form of normally open relay contacts. Transistor
output is not acceptable.

3.12.3 For substations with 110V DC Supply system, the plant control circuits in TNB’s
substations can be made up of any of the following configurations:-

i) Interposing relay expecting 110Vdc supply (DC positive and return) to energize its
coil. See Fig. 1, DWG RTU-4-D1.
ii) Interposing relay expecting 48Vdc supply (DC Positive and return) to energize its
coil. See Fig. 2, DWG RTU-4-D1.
iii) A dry contact, Form A, from the RTU to complete its circuit. The interposing relay
coil and the RTU’s control output dry contact shall be connected in series. Fig. 3,
DWG RTU-4-D1.

It shall be possible to configure the control point to accommodate any of the above
configurations.

3.12.4 Secure Control Operation

3.12.4.1 For secure control, the RTU shall be designed to be fail-safe. The following minimum
design criteria shall be incorporated in the control output logic:

• Only one control point on a control output module can be selected or executed at
any given time.

• No false output shall result during power up, power down or RTU reset.

• The control selection shall be automatically cancelled or overridden if, after

receiving the `control selection’ message, the `execute’ command is not the next
received message and/or it is not received within a predetermined configurable
time-out period.

• No false output shall result from a single point of failure.

• The verification message for a check-before-operate control sequence shall be

obtained by re-encoding the verification message directly from the control point
selection lines. A simple echoing of the received message is not acceptable.

• The RTU’s control output shall be incorporate protection to guard against false
output selection due to a single component failure, erroneous address or selection
decoding.

3.12.4.2 For secure control of circuit breakers, switchgears and transformer tapchangers, the RTU
shall support select-before-operate control and the control outputs shall be configured as
TRIP/CLOSE pairs. For TRIP/CLOSE points, each CO momentary control point shall

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 comprise a paired control output consisting of a trip output and a corresponding close
output.

3.12.4.3 Select-Before-Operate (SBO) Controls shall be used for secured operation, such as the
Trip and Close operations of circuit breakers. Only one point can be controlled at a time.
Each command requires that the following steps be performed in sequence:

• Device Selection: Upon receipt of the Master Station command message, the
specified device is selected.
• Device Selection Validation: After the device is selected, the address is re-
encoded and sent to the Master Station for validation.
• Control Execution: Upon receipt of the command execution message from the
Master Station, the command is executed.
• Automatic Reset: If the command message is not received within a specified
period, the device is de-selected.

3.12.4.4 For automatic reset described above, the period shall be user-configurable and shall be
able to accommodate the communication delays typically encountered in TNB’s
communication system.

3.12.4.5 The control output point’s contact closure duration shall be user-configurable at the RTU.

3.12.4.6 The contact closure shall be configurable to accommodate the control duration necessary
to operate all types of switchgears in TNB.

3.12.4.7 Pulse duration for “Long Pulse” and “Short Pulse” (IEC 60870-5-101 Control Command)
shall be user configurable.

3.12.5 Direct-Operate (Pulse Output) Controls are typically used for controlling devices and
systems that do not require the control security as specified in 3.12.4 above. They can be
configured as single or raise/lower pair output. Direct-Operate (Pulse Output) Controls
shall be used for “step” functions such as precisely timed RAISE and LOWER commands
to generator controllers. Multiple RAISE/LOWER points can be controlled
simultaneously. On receipt of a command message from the Master Station, a timed pulse
is sent to a specified device. These controls shall be configurable for latching or pulsed
operation.

3.12.6 It is preferred that the RTU supports the Direct-Operate (Pulse Output) Control
functionality using the same module as the Secure Control. The control mode, either
Secure or Direct-Operate, shall be configurable using software or hardware methods. The
Direct-Operate Controls can, however, be provided as a separate module than the Secure
Control module.

3.12.7 Each RTU shall be equipped with dummy breaker (latching relay) as a test indication for
control function. One pair digital output in each equipped RTU shall be used for the TRIP
and CLOSE output from the master station. The status of the relay shall be acquired by the
RTU as a digital input for transmission to the master station. These indicators are included
in the specified RTU point counts. The status of the dummy breaker shall also be indicated
visually using indicators to allow visual determination of the state of the dummy breaker.

3.12.8 Each RTU shall be equipped with a control disable switch to disconnect the power to all
digital output relays or otherwise inhibit all digital output points without shutting off the
RTU or otherwise affecting its operation.
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3.12.9 An auxiliary contact shall be provided on each control disable switch with all switches
factory-wired to one digital input point to provide remote indication of the switch(s)
status.

3.12.10 Screw-compression type terminal blocks with isolation and test points shall be used for
termination of field I/O cabling and shall be able to accommodate up to 2.5 mm sq. solid
or stranded wire. The electrical ratings shall be 15 Amps/300 Volts and dielectric
withstand shall be 3000 Volts.

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 HDIR Configuration
DWG 4-1
110 VDC (+)

To Plant

RTU

0VDC HDIR

Fig 1

48 VDC (+)

To Plant

RTU Plant

0VDC HDIR

Fig 2

External Supply
DC +V

To RTU

HDIR To Plant

External Supply
DC 0V

Fig 3
* HDIR - Heavy Duty Interposing Relay

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3.13 ANALOG OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM

3.13.1 The RTU shall provide the capability to output analog values (voltage or current)
proportional to digital data received from the Master Station. Analog outputs are used for
such functions as setpoints for proportional controllers, and data outputs to chart recorders.

3.13.2 For critical control such as power plant set-point control, the RTU shall support select-
before-operate analog output control.

3.13.3 For other less critical control such as meter drive, the RTU shall support direct output
analog control.

3.13.4 Each analogue output point shall consist of a digital to analogue converter DAC and signal
conditioning.

3.13.5 Multiplexing of the D/A converter is acceptable providing no more than eight output
signals are driven by the same D/A converter.

3.13.6 The output of the AO point shall settle to ±0.15% of the digitally encoded value within
100 milliseconds of an updated input.

3.13.7 Overall accuracy of the D/A converters shall be ±0.15 % of full scale over the specified
operating temperature range of the RTU.

3.13.8 The RTU shall support 4 to 20mA DC analog output (less than 1500 ohm load). When the
Master Station sends a digital value of 0 to the RTU, the RTU’s analog output shall
provide a 4mA signal. Similarly when the Master Station sends a digital value
corresponding to the maximum count, the analog output shall produce a 20mA signal.

3.13.9 It shall be possible to configure the range and offset of each individual analog output.

3.13.10 All analog outputs shall be protected against ground loops and power surges.

3.13.11 Each analog signal output shall remain at its last set output level until a new value is sent
for the point. In the event of an RTU malfunction due to communication, the analog
outputs shall remain at last sent.

3.13.12 For 4 to 20mA analog output, the value shall revert to 0mA if the module or the RTU
experiences a loss of power.

3.14 AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL

3.14.1 RTUs in TNB’s Power Stations may be required to perform Automatic Generation Control
(AGC). The RTUs may be required to either:-

i) Communicate with the Power Station’s Digital Control System (DCS) and send AGC
settings through a serial communication link, or
ii) Send analogue values, in the 4 to 20 mA range, proportional to the required AGC
setpoint value to the Plant Controller

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3.14.2 In i), the RTU will send an AGC “Off” command to the DCS in either of the following
case: -

a) When the RTU receives an AGC “Off” command from NLDC

b) When the RTU detects a communication failure with NLDC while NLDC is in control
of AGC.

3.14.3 In ii), the RTU will send an AGC “Off” command to the Plant Controller in the form of a
voltage-free contact, when: -

a) The RTU receives an AGC “Off” command from NLDC

b) There is a failure within the RTU that compromises the ability of NLDC to perform
AGC.

3.14.4 The RTU shall be equipped with all necessary hardware and software to monitor the AGC
control facilities status against any failure in any of the RTU modules involved in AGC
control, including the loss of supply as well as loss of communication to NLDC.

3.15 SUBMASTER CAPABILITY

The protocols for communication with Slave RTUs shall be specified at the project stage.

3.15.1 The RTU shall have capability to operate as a host/submaster to several remote slave
RTUs, with no additional/changes to the firmware and software. It shall be possible to
map the data from the Slave RTUs for onward transmission to any of the control centers
that are connected to the Submaster RTU.

3.15.2 The software and the hardware in the Submaster RTU must be able to be expanded to allow
the RTU to poll at least 32 Slave RTUs. The Slave RTUs may comprise of RTUs installed in
any of TNB’s substations that may include PMUs, PPUs, SSUs and PEs.

3.15.3 The RTU shall scan the databases of its Slave RTUs and also support local I/O. At any time,
the master station can retrieve the information from the Submaster RTU.

3.15.4 The Submaster RTU shall have the capability of polling point-to-point and multidrop Slave
RTUs simultaneously via separate communication ports.

3.15.5 From the RTU Diagnostic terminal, it shall be possible to monitor the data of the Slave
RTUs as well as execute control commands from the Submaster RTU.

3.15.6 The Submaster RTU shall monitor the communication status to its Slave RTUs. When the
Slave RTU fails to respond, the Submaster RTU shall raise an alarm to the Control Center.
The alarm shall be sufficient to allow the operator at the Control Center to identify the Slave
RTU/ RTUs that had failed.

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3.16 INTERFACE TO INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES (IEDS)

3.16.1 As a general practice, tripping alarms from protection relays are monitored by hard-wiring
the voltage free contacts from the relay to the RTU’s digital input module. Parameters
such as MW, MVAr, current and voltage are monitored using transducers. Other than
these alarms and parameters, TNB may require additional data from the protection relays
which can be provided through a serial communication link. The RTU shall include all
hardware and software necessary to provide an optical interface to numerical protection
relays and intelligent electronic devices for this purpose.

3.16.2 The RTU shall support communication with all numerical protection relays installed in the
TNB system. The relays used in TNB’s system are listed in the TNB List of Approved
Relays.

3.16.3 The protocol used shall be IEC 60870-5-103.

3.16.4 The interface to the IEDs port shall be fully programmable to support a transmission data
rate of 9,600bps and 19200bps.

3.16.5 The RTU shall support addressing commands that will allow connections to multiple
microprocessor-based protection relays on a single communications line.

3.16.6 The RTU must be able to support communication with at least 32 IEDs on a single
channel.

3.16.7 For memory sizing and performance considerations, the total number of I/Os from IEDs
that the RTU shall support shall be at least 1000 points.

3.16.8 The RTU shall have the capability to transmit commands to the microprocessor-based
protection relays in response to control commands from a SCADA master station port, or
any other software selectable serial communication port.

3.16.9 The RTU shall be capable of receiving data available from the microprocessor-based
protection relays. It shall be possible to map these data for transmission to the SCADA
master station.

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3.17 PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHMS

3.17.1 The RTU shall be capable of being programmed to perform logical, mathematical, and
trigonometric operations within the program on accumulator and input values, and store
results in memory. The memory locations must be accessible to all programmed
algorithms.

3.17.2 A Windows-based graphical programming tool that is compliant with the Open Standard
PLC programming languages to IEC 1131-3 (Soft PLC) standard shall be used to develop
logic programs for the RTU.

3.17.3 The programming tool shall support the IEC 1131-3 programming model that includes
Configuration, Resource, Task, Programs and Functions.

3.17.4 The programming tool must support the Functional Block Diagram.

3.17.5 In addition, the tool must also support Ladder Diagram and Structured Text.

3.17.6 The functions supported shall be adequate to allow the user to program standard substation
automation functions.

3.17.7 The programming tool shall provide the capability of developing new functions blocks and
libraries in addition to the Standard Function Blocks recommended by the IEC-1131
Standard.

3.17.8 All I/O points within the RTU, including virtual I/O data and I/O data from satellite RTUs
or IEDs shall be made accessible to the programming tool to be used in the programs.

3.17.9 The RTU shall be capable of storing and executing multiple algorithms which may be
event-driven or periodic at selectable periods and priorities.

3.17.10 Algorithms residing in the RTU shall have access to the internal RTU clock for controlling
time sensitive operations.

3.17.11 Vendors shall declare the limitations of the RTU such that normal RTU processes such as
data processing and control are not affected by the extra processing required to run the
logic programs.

3.17.12 The memory area in which the programmable logic algorithm executes shall be protected.
This feature shall protect the memory area of the RTU to prevent any malfunction or
system deadlocks and synchronization problems.

3.17.13 The programming tool shall have the facility to diagnose, de-bug and simulate
programming logic programs.

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3.18 RTU MAINTENANCE AND TEST EQUIPMENT

3.18.1 The monitoring and diagnostic software shall be located in the firmware of the RTU
processor cards.

3.18.2 TNB shall be granted an unlimited license for the installation of the test system software
on PCs for internal use.

3.18.3 It shall be possible to connect the test system to the maintenance port of the RTU, and use
it as a terminal to perform all the RTU management, configuration, and expansion
functions; to monitor all stored data and all RTU inputs in an easy to interpret format; to
exercise RTU outputs; and to diagnose/troubleshoot the RTU.

3.18.4 It shall be possible using the test system, to view the operational status of RTU modules
and firmware.

3.18.5 It shall be possible to view and set the date and time of the RTU.

3.18.6 It shall be possible using the test system, to monitor current data values (DI, AI &
Counters).

3.18.7 The test system shall also allow the user to monitor the pending/last control output states
of the control points.

3.18.8 It shall be possible using the test system, to view archived SOE data which resides in the
respective SOE buffers.

3.18.9 It shall be possible to use the test system to monitor communications between the Master
Station and RTUs.

3.18.10 The test system shall be user-friendly and interactive procedures that rely mostly on pull-
down menus shall be used. The user shall not be required to type in commands, and shall
be prompted when data entry is needed.

3.18.11 The test equipment shall be used to perform offline monitoring of data and running
diagnostics with the RTU offline (not connected to Master Station) via the maintenance
port.

3.18.12 Initiation of a control (all types) shall be password-secured or only possible in the offline
monitoring mode only.

3.18.13 The test equipment shall be used to perform online monitoring of data with the RTU
online (connected to Master Station) via the maintenance port. During online monitoring,
the normal operation of the RTU to the Master Station shall not be disrupted in any way.
Initiation of control shall not be possible in the online monitoring mode.

3.18.14 For Distributed I/O modules, it shall be possible to use the test equipment to monitor the
inputs, control outputs, run local diagnostics, display the date and time of the real-time
clock of the I/O module and monitor communications with the Master Processor module.

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3.18.15 For networked RTU, it shall be possible to connect the test equipment at any node and
carry out all the test and monitoring functions as if the test equipment is connected to the
main node.

3.18.16 The test equipment shall be able to display mapped protocol data of any master stations
connected to the RTU.

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REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
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3.19 RTU CONFIGURATION SYSTEM

3.19.1 An RTU Configuration Software shall be supplied to allow TNB to configure and program
any RTU functions using a PC.

3.19.2 Configuration changes and additions, which may be required after initial installation, shall
be achieved with a minimal disturbance to the system operation.

3.19.3 All configuration, data and application software shall be stored in the RTU with revision
control information.

3.19.4 The RTU shall store all of the configuration and process signal information in a reliable
non-volatile memory. Battery-back up RAMs shall not be used for storing the
configuration data.

3.19.5 Time-stamped record of all configuration changes shall be provided.

3.19.6 The system shall include information on operating parameters, physical arrangement of
external communications lines (host and master ports), plant I/O cards types and their
parameters, and remote data inputs from other RTUs.

3.19.7 The Configuration System shall allow down-loading and up-loading the configuration data
file to the RTU via the Maintenance Port.

3.19.8 The new configuration shall be immediately effective upon downloading of the new data
to the equipment.

3.19.9 The process of up-loading and downloading of configuration data shall not disrupt or
interfere with normal RTU operations.

3.19.10 When the RTU initialize or reboots, it shall use the latest configuration.

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REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
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3.20 RTU ENCLOSURES

This section defines the technical requirements for RTU enclosures and is included as reference to
RTU Vendors for fabrication of RTU enclosures for TNB projects.

3.20.1 Floor Standing RTU Cabinets

3.20.1.1 The RTU cabinets shall be floor standing and shall permit anchoring to the floor.

3.20.1.2 The size of the cabinet shall be 2275mm height, 800mm width and 600/700/800mm
depth.

3.20.1.3 Locally manufactured cabinets shall be used for all RTU cubicles.

3.20.1.4 The design and the specification for the cabinet shall be based on the RTU manufacturer
standard cabinet. The local manufacturer shall be certified to the requirements of
ISO9001: 2000 standard.

3.20.1.5 The design and finish of the cubicle shall not invalidate any relevant type test
requirements specified for this project.

3.20.1.6 The design of cabinets shall conform to IEC 60297 equipment practice unless otherwise
approved.

3.20.1.7 The cabinets shall be of fabricated steel construction providing a good combination of
high load carrying capacity and rigidity.

3.20.1.8 The 19” mounting angles punched for mounting 19” electronic card frames shall be used.

3.20.1.9 The cabinets shall be of modular construction with minimum weld joints. The modular
construction should enable easy disassembly and reassembly of the cubicle to facilitate
transportation and erection.

3.20.1.10 The cabinet shall conform to minimum IP 51 protection from dust and splashing water. A
type test shall be carried out to show compliance to the IP51 protection.

3.20.1.11 The cabinet shall provide optimum protection against corrosion.

3.20.1.12 The surface finish shall be dip-coat primed and powder coated. The interior of cabinet
shall be finished with a matte white surface. The exterior finish and colour shall be light
aircraft grey in accordance to BS381C, code 627.

3.20.1.13 The cabinets shall feature sheet steel construction with removable side panels. The
material used shall be sheet metal of minimum thickness of 2 mm. for the door, side and
rear panels. For the top and bottom plate, the minimum thickness of the sheet metal shall
not be less than 3 mm.

3.20.1.14 Each cabinet shall have removable hinged, lockable front doors for access.

3.20.1.15 Screwdriver-type metal lock insert shall be used.

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3.20.1.16 A master key shall be provided for all cubicles.

3.20.1.17 Front door shall be capable of being opened as wide as necessary to provide unimpeded
access into the RTU enclosure.

3.20.1.18 All components, wiring and terminal blocks shall be accessible from the front of the
cabinet. No rear access shall be required.

3.20.1.19 For cabinets with a swing frame for mounting of 19” racks:- All cables, wiring, etc.
associated with the swing frame shall be secured, so as not to kink, bend or break. The
swing frame shall be capable of being opened fully to allow unobstructed working access
into the rear of the cabinet. The swing frame shall be furnished with a locking device to
hold it in the open position and a latch for the closed position. The frame shall be of
adequate strength to support mounted components.

3.20.1.20 All floor standing cabinets shall be fitted with 100mm plinths for mounting purposes and
cable entry.

3.20.1.21 The design and construction of the cabinet shall cater for both top and bottom cable entry
with detachable gland-plates.

3.20.1.22 Each cabinet shall be equipped with four parts, removable, interchangeable gland plates
for easier cable insertion and handling.

3.20.1.23 For RTUs supplied with leased line modems, one modem shelf unit in 2U height
compatible with IEC 60297-rack cabinet system shall be provided.

3.20.1.24 Internal illuminations and two 13A switched type 2-way mains distribution panel shall be
provided. Fluorescent lighting shall not be used.

3.20.1.25 Heat dissipation of cabinet mounted equipment shall be kept as low as possible and shall
employ natural cooling only. As such, the RTU front and rear panels shall be fitted with
ventilation louvers located at the top and bottom of the panels to ensure that the
temperature rise within the cubicle does not exceed 15 deg C, with equipment
operational. All ventilation openings shall have a metal wire mesh or other adequate
protection, in order to provide protection against vermin and insects.

3.20.1.26 The cabinet shall be equipped with suitably rated miniature circuit breakers for AC
distribution and RTU power distribution unit.

3.20.1.27 Each cabinet shall be equipped with a copper grounding bar, mounted at the bottom of
the panel, for electrical and equipment grounding purposes. Each grounding bar shall be
equipped with pre-drilled holes and equipped with appropriate bolt and nuts for
termination via a grounding cable to the general earthing system of the substation.

3.20.1.28 E.S.D. bonding point shall be fitted on the front of enclosures to provide an obvious and
readily visible earth bond point. The bonding point shall be wired directly to ground via
an eyelet on the rear and shall be electrically isolated from the enclosure by means of an
insulator.

3.20.1.29 Alarm lamps for RTU common alarm indication and DC Supply indication shall be fitted
on the front of enclosures.

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3.20.1.30 Cable channels and cable guide rings shall available to install the cables on the mounting
panels and the side walls.

3.20.1.31 Pocket suitable for storing all site-specific documentation and drawings shall be provided
within the enclosure, on the front door.

3.20.1.32 A nameplate shall be furnished for each RTU cabinet. Nameplates shall be attached to the
equipment with stainless steel panhead screws. Nameplate identifiers for each RTU will
be provided after the award of contract. The lettering shall be permanently engraved onto
the nameplate.

3.20.2 Wall Mounted Cabinets

3.20.2.1 For substations with space constraints, wall-mounted RTU cabinets shall used.

3.20.2.2 The size of the cabinet shall be adequate to house all required modules and components.

3.20.2.3 Locally manufactured cabinets shall be used for all RTU cubicles.

3.20.2.4 The design and the specification for the cabinet shall be based on the RTU manufacturer
standard cabinet.

3.20.2.5 The design and finish of the cubicle shall not invalidate any relevant type test
requirements specified for this project.

3.20.2.6 The design of cabinets shall conform to IEC 60297 equipment practice unless otherwise
approved.

3.20.2.7 The specification for the design of the wall-mounted cabinets shall be the similar to the
specification of the floor standing cubicle for all relevant requirements.

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4.0 DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTATION

Comprehensive RTU documentation shall be provided. The documentations shall include all
information and instruction needed to design, install, configure, troubleshoot and repair of the RTU.

5.0 RTU FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TEST (FAT)

The purpose of the FAT is to qualify RTU and any other related deliverables that are required
according to the specifications of the Project.

The scope of the FAT shall include the following:-

• Visual inspection to confirm that construction and sizing requirements have been met.
• Demonstrate compliance to specific requirements of the Project not covered by the TNB RTU
Technical Specifications (TTS-TK-RTU).
• Demonstrate that the RTUs are assembled and configured according to the requirements of the
Project.
• Functional testing of all RTU including Input/output points.
• Verification of all communication point.

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