Scribd
Upload
513 views

Sleep Pattern and Its Disturbances

Sleep occurs in cycles with different stages, including light, deep, and REM sleep. Requirements vary by age but most adults need 7-8 hours. Factors like age, lifestyle, illness, and environment can influence sleep. Disturbances include difficulties falling or staying asleep (insomnia) and excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia). Common disorders are sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias like sleepwalking. Nurses help manage sleep through promoting comfort, routines, relaxation, and safety while educating on hygiene.

Uploaded by

Simran Josan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
513 views

Sleep Pattern and Its Disturbances

Sleep occurs in cycles with different stages, including light, deep, and REM sleep. Requirements vary by age but most adults need 7-8 hours. Factors like age, lifestyle, illness, and environment can influence sleep. Disturbances include difficulties falling or staying asleep (insomnia) and excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia). Common disorders are sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias like sleepwalking. Nurses help manage sleep through promoting comfort, routines, relaxation, and safety while educating on hygiene.

Uploaded by

Simran Josan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

SLEEP PATTERN AND

ITS DISTURBANCES

Presented By:
Jeewan Jyoti
OBJECTIVES
Explain the sleep cycle and various
stages of sleep.
Identify the factors affecting sleep
pattern.
Describe the various sleep disturbances.
Discuss the nursing measures to manage
the sleep.
INTRODUCTION

Sleep means a state of altered


consciousness, throughout which varying
degrees of stimuli produce wakefulness. It is
a recurrent altered state of consciousness
that occurs for sustained periods, restoring
energy and wellbeing. Sleep is a cyclically
occurring state of decreased motor activity
and perception.
SLEEP REQUIREMENTS

• Sleep needs vary widely among individuals.


Average sleep requirements based on age even
then the accepted standard for sleep are eight
hours per night for adults.
• Missing even one night of sleep can reduce mental
performance and long period of sleep deprivation
can result in stress related illnesses and injuries.
Sleep and rest are essential for physical, mental
and spiritual wellbeing .
SLEEP REQUIREMENTS

Age group Hours per day


New borns (birth to 4 weeks) 16-20
Infants (4 weeks to 1 yr) 14-16
Toddlers (1-3 yr) 12-14
Preschoolers (3-6 yr) 11-13
Middle and late childhood (6-12yr) 10-11
Adolescents (12-18yr) 8-9
Young adults (18-40 yrs) 7-8
Middle-age adults (40-65 yrs) 7
Older adults(65yrs and older) 5-7
SLEEP CYCLE

Sleep is cyclic. Not only we sleep for several


hours each day, but also a sleeper progress
back and forth through lighter and deeper
stage of sleep about six times during 8-hour
sleep. Sleep cycle undergone the two distinct
stages of sleep:
 NREM sleep stage.
 REM sleep stage.
Awake Cont……..
SLEEP CYCLE REM
NREM Stage I

NREM Stage NREM Stage


II II

NREM Stage NREM Stage


III III

NREM Stage
IV
STAGES OF SLEEP
Sleep is devided in to five stages:
NREM Sleep Stage
• Stage I
• Stage II
• Stage III
• Stage IV
REM Sleep (Stage V)
NREM SLEEP STAGE
STAGE I:1.Light sleep, can be awakened easily.
(5-10 MINS) 2.Transition between wakefulnes/sleep.
3.Relaxed, but aware of surroundings.
4. Eyelids open and close slowly.
5. Breathing is deep and regular.
STAGE II:1.Light sleep, can be awakened easily.
2. Brain activities slows.
3. Vital signs slightly decreases.
4.Eyes are still and body processes slows.
5.Help to disconnect from outer world.
NREM SLEEP STAGE
STAGE III: 1.Deep sleep.
2.Difficult to arouse.
3.Skeletal muscles very relaxed.
4.PNS predominates and vital signs
slows . even more.
5. Snoring may occur.
STAGE IV: 1.Deepest sleep.
2.Difficult to awaken.
3.Body. Mind, muscles are relaxed.
4.Vital signs are low.
5.If roused, may be confused.
REM SLEEP STAGE
STAGEV: 1. Paradoxical sleep.
2. Less restful than NREM sleep.
3.Eyes move rapidly.
4.Small muscles twitch.
5.Metabolism increases.
6.Pulse may be rapid and irregular.
7.Apnea may occur.
8.Gastric secretions increases.
9.Dreaming occur.
10.If awakened, will react normally.
11.Accounts for about 25% of total sleep.
FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP

Age
Lifestyle Factors
• Exercise
• Foods
• Alcohol consumption
• Medications
Illness
Environmental factor
SLEEP DISTURBANCES

Sleep disorders are classified by


their signs and symptoms. The
more common disorders fall into
two groups:

Dyssomnias
Parasomnias
DYSSOMNIAS

Sleep disorders characterized by


insomnia or excessive sleepiness. It
includes:
 Insomnia
 Sleep wake Schedule.
 Restless Leg Syndrome.
 Sleep Deprivation.
 Hypersomnia
Cont……….
• Sleep apnea
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Central sleep apnea
- Mixed apnea
• Snoring
• Narcolepsy
PARASSOMNIAS
Parasomnias is the pattern of
waking behavior that appear
during sleep. It includes:
• Sleep walking(somnambulism)
• Sleep talking
• Bruxism
• Night terrors
• REM sleep behavior disorder
Cont……….

• Enuresis (bed wetting)


• Secondary sleep disorder
- Depression
- Hyperthyroidism or
Hypothyroidism
- Pain
- Airway passage obstruction
• Sleep provoking disorders
Nursing Measures to
Manage Sleep
• Promote comfort.
• Support Bedtime rituals and
routines.
• Offer appropriate bedtime snacks
or beverages.
• Promote relaxation.
• Maintain patient safety.
• Teach about sleep hygiene.
Cont……….
• Close doors to a clients room.
• Reduce volume of nearly telephone and
paying equipments.
• Wear rubber, soled shoes, avoid
wearing clogs.
• Turn off bedside equipment that is not
in use.
• Avoid abrupt, loud noise such as
flushing a toilet or moving a bed.
Cont……….
• Keep necessary conversation as low
levels, particularly at night.
• Conduct discussion or nursing reports in
a private separate room away from client.
• Turn off the TV or radio unless client
prefers soft music.
• Administer analgesic or sedative about 30
minutes before bed time.
• Encourage clients, to wear loose fitting
night wear.
Cont……….
• Remove any irritant against the client
skin such as moist or wrinkled or drainage
tubing.
• Position and support body parts to protect
pressure points and aid muscle relaxation.
• Offer a massage just before bed time.
• Administer necessary hygienic measures.
• Keep bed linen clean and dry.
CONCLUSION
Sleep and illness are interrelated. Illness and
injury increase the need to sleep and at the
same time make it difficult to sleep. In turn,
lack of sleep increase the susceptibility to
illness by compromising the immune system.
People who are injured or ill need more sleep
than usual to restore energy needed for tissue
repair and healing. Lack of sleep and rest
increases our susceptibility to illness and the
pain of illness and injury increases our
susceptibility to disturbed sleep
RESEARCH STUDY

In jan. 2008, a study to check the


effects of eating products on sleep
is conducted by Dr. Michael Breus
in New York. Researcher settle the
claim about MILK AS A SLEEPING
AID.
RESEARCH FINDINGS

Studies of tryptophan’s impact on sleep have found only one


phase of sleep – the first one when you’re falling asleep – is
enhanced by tryptophan. Other aspects of sleep, such as the
amount of deep-sleep reached during the night, can be harmed by
tryptophan, especially if it’s taken in supplemental form.
Tryptophan has to cross the blood-brain barrier in order to have
any effect on sleep. And that can be difficult in the presence of
other amino acids, which explains ,eating protein-rich foods,
including milk, can decrease the ability of tryptophan to enter the
brain. So foods high in carbohydrates should be taken because
the insulin released will make it easier for tryptophan to nudge
itself into the brain
SUMMARIZATION

Introduction
Sleep requirements
Sleep cycle and stages of sleep.
Factors affecting sleep.
Sleep disturbances.
Nursing measures to manage
sleep.
QUERRY
?
?
Thank
You

You might also like