1) List out the methods used for well test analyses?

Various methods for well test analyses are

• Pressure drawdown tests
• Pressure build up tests
• Type curve analysis
• Pulse tests and Interference
• Drill stem and wireline formation
• Gas well tests

2) Mention what is the main advantage of using the pressure drawdown tests?
The draw down test will help you to estimate the reservoir volume.

3) Explain what is well logging?

A well log is used for graphical representation of any drilling condition or subsurface features
that come across while drilling, which is used for the evaluation of the well.

4) Mention what are the different types of well logging?

• Resistivity logs
• Spontaneous potential logs
• Gamma ray logs
• Gamma ray absorption logs
• Neutron logs
• Sonic porosity logs

5) Explain what is Pseudo Pressure?

Pseudo pressure is a mathematical pressure function which accounts for the variable
compressibility and viscosity of gas with respect to pressure.

6) Explain the term “bull heading”?

“Bull heading” is a process, where gas is forced back into a formation by pumping into the
annulus from the surface.

7) Which mineral is frequently used to increase the weight or density of drilling mud?
Barium Sulfate or BaSO4 mineral is frequently used to increase the density of drilling mud.

8) What is the importance of drilling muds?

The drilling muds are used for
• Lubrication purpose and for cooling of the drill bit and pipe
• It removes the cuttings that come from the bottom of the oil well
• Prevent blowouts by acting as a sealant

9) What is the drill-stem testing?

Lowering a device into the drill hole to measure the pressures, it will reveal whether reservoir
rock has been reached.

10) Explain what is hydraulic fracturing?

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique in which tons of gallons of water, chemicals and sand at
high pressure is pumped down across the drilled well. This pressurized mixture makes rock
layer to crack and make small space or fissure, through which natural gas emits out.
11) What is proppant and what is the use of it?
A proppant is a solid material, which is treated with sand or ceramic materials. It is used to
keep the induced hydraulic fracture open.

12) Explain what is perforation in oil well drilling?

A perforation is a hole made in the casing or liner of an oil well to connect it to the reservoir.

13) Explain the term desander and desilter?

Desander is a centrifugal device used for removing sand from drilling the fluid to avert the
abrasion of the pumps. While Desilter is a centrifugal device used to remove the slit or very
fine particles.

14) Explain what is dogleg?

Dogleg term is used to refer for an abrupt change in direction in the wellbore, resulting in the
formation of the keyseat.

15) Explain what is wellbore storage?

When the oil well is shut-in, there is continue flow of fluid into the wellbore. This flow of fluid is
referred as wellbore storage.

16) Explain what is a blowout preventer?

Blowout preventer is installed on the top of the well and is used to control the back pressure
produced by oil during the drilling process.

17) Explain what is annular blowout preventer?

Annular blowout preventer is usually a large valve, installed above the ram preventers, it forms
a protective seal in the annular space between the pipes and well bore. It seals the annulus
between the Kelly, drill collar and drill pipe.

18) Explain what is die insert?

Die insert is a hard steel, a serrated piece which is removable and fits into the jaws of the
tongs and firmly holds the body of the drill pipe, drill collars while the tongs are making up or
breaking out of the pipes.

19) What is Kelly bushing?

Kelly bushing is a device fitted to the rotatory table through which the Kelly passes and the
mean by which the torque of the rotatory table is transmitted to the Kelly and to the drill stem.

20) Explain the term Induction logs?

Induction logs are used in wells that do not use water or mud, but oil-based drilling fluids or air.
They are non-conductive and therefore cannot use electric logs instead they use magnetism
and electricity to measure resistivity.

21) Explain how Spontaneous logs are useful?

Spontaneous logs determine the permeability of the rocks in the well by denoting the electrical
currents produced between the drilling fluids and formation water held in the pore spaces.
22) Explain what is underbalanced drilling?
The underbalanced drilling is an alternative way of drilling oil and gas wells, where the
pressure in the wellbore is kept lower than the fluid pressure. The advantage of underbalanced
drilling is that it reduces formation damage in reservoirs.

23) Explain the method of “Gas injection down the drill pipe”? What are the advantages of this
technique?
In this technique air or nitrogen is injected to the drilling fluid that is injected directly down the
drill pipe. The advantages of this technique is
• Improved penetration and decreased amount of gas
• Wellbore is not required to specifically designed for underbalanced drilling
• Less amount of gas required

24. Diesel used in naval applications has a minimum cetane number of

A.25
B.35
C.45
D.65
Answer: Option C

25. Which of the following tests is not done for transformer oil ?
A.Flash point and acid value.
B.Aniline point.
C.Dielectric strength.
D.Copper strip corrosion test.
Answer: Option B

26. Which is the most undesirable component in kerosene ?

A.Aromatics
B.i-paraffins
C.n-paraffins
D.Naphthenes
Answer: Option A

27. Pick out the wrong statement about the smoking tendency of various hydrocarbon
constituents of kerosene.
A.Smoking tendency of hydrocarbons increases in the order : paraffins → isoparaffins →
naphthenes → aromatics.
B.Smoking tendency of paraffins increases with decrease in its molecular weight.
C.Smoking tendency of naphthenes decreases with its increasing molecular weight & also on
addition of double bond.
D.Smoking tendency of aromatics decreases with increase in its molecular weight.
Answer: Option B

28. Solvent used in duo-sol extraction for lube oil upgradation is a mixture of
A.propane & phenol-cresol mixture.
B.methyl ethyl ketone & glycol.
C.phenol & furfural.
D.propane & liquid sulphur dioxide.
Answer: Option A
29. Which of the following fractions of a crude oil will have the maximum gravity API (i.e.
°API) ?
A.Diesel
B.Gasoline
C.Atmospheric gas oil
D.Vacuum gas oil
Answer: Option C

30. For gasoline, the flash point (<50°C) is determined by the

A.Abel apparatus. B.Pensky-Marten's apparatus. C.Saybolt chromometer. D.none of these.

Answer: Option D

31. Flash point of atmospheric distillation residue is determined by __________ apparates.

A.Pensky-Martens (closed cup type). B.Abel. C.Cleveland (open cup type) D.none of these.
Answer: Option C

32. Maximum sulphur percentage in low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) furnace oil is about

A.0.1 B.1 C.2.5 D.3.5 Answer: Option B

33. Pour point and freezing point is equal for

A.petrol B.diesel C.water D.crude petroleum Answer: Option C

34. Smoke point of a test sample of kerosene is found to be 15 mm. On removal of

__________ from it, the smoke point rises to 25 mm.

A.n-paraffins B.olefins C.aromatics D.none of these Answer: Option C

35. __________ is not an important refinery process for upgrading the quality of lubricating oil.

A.Deoiling B.Solvent refinning C.Clay treatment D.Hydrotreatment Answer: Option A

36. Pick out the undesirable property for a solvent meant for dewaxing of lube oil. A.Complete
miscibility with oil. B.High solubility of wax in the solvent. C.Both (a) and (b). D.Neither (a) nor
(b). Answer: Option C

37. Which of the following is used as a catalyst in fluidised bed catalytic cracking ?

A.Silica-magnesia B.Silica-alumina C.Bentonite clays D.All (a), (b) and (c) Answer: Option D

37. Casing head gasoline is the liquid

A.butane. B.propane. C.natural gas. D.gasoline separated from wet natural gas by
compression. Answer: Option A
38. Most commonly used crude heater before the fractionation tower in a refinery is the
__________ heater.

A.electric immersion B.pipestill C.steam coil D.none of these Answer: Option B

39. Viscosity index of a lubricating oil

A.is the measure of its flash point. B.is the measure of variation of viscosity with temperature.
C.should be low. D.none of these. Answer: Option B

40. Visbreaking process is used mainly for making

A.high cetane diesel B.high octane gasoline C.fuel oil D.smoke free kerosene Answer:

Option C

41. Operating condition in the electrical dehydrators for crude oil is about

A.6.5 kgf/Cm2 & 95°C. B.1 atm. & 110 °C. C.20 kgf/cm2 & 110°C. D.50 atm. and 150°C.
Answer: Option A

42. Crude oil is pumped by a __________ pump.

A.gear B.centrifugal C.screw D.reciprocating Answer: Option B

43. Solvent used in the deasphalting process is

A.furfurol B.phenol C.propane D.hexane Answer: Option C

44. A good lubricant should have high

A.viscosity index B.volatility C.pour point D.none of these Answer: Option A

45. Complete removal of __________ from gasoline is done by Unisol process using caustic
soda and methyl alcohol.

A.waxes B.mercaptans C.asphalt D.diolefins Answer: Option B

46. The main use of heavy gas oil produced by the vacuum distillation unit is as a A.blending
component for kerosene. B.blending component for petrol. C.feedstock for fluid catalytic
cracking unit. D.none of these. Answer: Option C

47. Stabilisation of gasoline (petrol) means

A.removal of dissolved gases from it. B.increasing its oxidation stability. C.improving its lead
susceptibility. D.increasing its vapour pressure. Answer: Option A
48. In petroleum refining, the process used for conversion of hydrocarbons to aromatics is

A.catalytic cracking B.catalytic reforming C.hydrotreating D.alkylation Answer: Option B

49. Diesel index.(an alternative index for expressing the quality of diesel) is

A.determined by using a test engine. B.not related to aniline point. C.equal to cetane number
plus 3. D.all (a), (b) & (c). Answer: Option C

50. Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its

A.resistance to knock. B.ignition delay. C.ignition temperature. D.smoke point. Answer:

Option A

51. Pick out the additive property of a lube oil out of following.

A.°API gravity B.Specific gravity C.Viscosity D.Flashpoint Answer: Option A

52. Catalyst used in catalytic reforming is

A.platinum on alumina B.nickel C.iron D.aluminium chloride Answer: Option A

53. Tanks used for the storage of petroleum products (which are inflammable) should be
painted with a __________ paint. A.black B.white C.red D.yellow Answer: Option B

54. Cetane number of diesel used in trucks may be about A.50 B.14 C.35 D.85 Answer: Option
A

55. __________ test is done to find out the softening point of bitumen. A.Impact B.Ball and ring
C.Flame D.Viscosity Answer: Option B

56. __________ determination is not a very significant and important test for gasoline. A.Gum
& sulphur content B.Viscosity C.Octane number D.Reid vapor pressure Answer: Option B

57. Which of the following has the lowest viscosity (at a given temperature) of all? A.Naphtha
B.Kerosene C.Diesel D.Lube oil Answer: Option A