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MOTOR SOFT STARTERS - Air Core Reactors

1. Air core reactors have advantages over iron core reactors for use in motor soft starters, including smooth linear acceleration, filtration of harmonics, and noise-free operation without heat generation or energy losses. 2. Iron core reactors are more suitable for transformer manufacturing but have disadvantages for motor soft starters due to iron losses, eddy current losses, nonlinear acceleration from core saturation, and generated harmonics. 3. Air core reactors provide pure linear performance over the full range while iron core reactors are nonlinear, and air core does not generate losses, heat, noise or vibrations like iron core reactors.

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637 views

MOTOR SOFT STARTERS - Air Core Reactors

1. Air core reactors have advantages over iron core reactors for use in motor soft starters, including smooth linear acceleration, filtration of harmonics, and noise-free operation without heat generation or energy losses. 2. Iron core reactors are more suitable for transformer manufacturing but have disadvantages for motor soft starters due to iron losses, eddy current losses, nonlinear acceleration from core saturation, and generated harmonics. 3. Air core reactors provide pure linear performance over the full range while iron core reactors are nonlinear, and air core does not generate losses, heat, noise or vibrations like iron core reactors.

Uploaded by

mv_mallik
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MOTOR SOFT STARTERS- AIR CORE ADVANTAGES!!

Ref.: Motor Starting issue by JAYASHREE.[ nov.08]

INTRODUCTION:-

In the motor and motor starting theory issue, we had a glance at various motor types and motor starting
methods.
We also had a look at the Soft Starters, its advantages and types.
In this document, we are going to focus on the core technology of series reactor type Soft Starter and the
variants available as per IS 5553[part 3]/IEC 289.
In the previous issue, we learnt about the series reactor and types of reactors, which are
1. AIR CORE.
2. IRON CORE.

In this document, we will see the application advantages of Air core for motor starting.

Operating Principle of Series Reactor Soft Starter-:


The starting current of a 3Ø Induction /sync. Motor can be reduced by
applying reduced voltage at the motor Terminals.

As I α V, the amount of reduction in the starting current will be


directly proportional to the amount of voltage reduction at the motor
terminals.
For example, if the applied voltage is 50% of full voltage, then the
starting current will be 50 % of that of its DOL value, and starting
torque will be 25% of its DOL starting torque.

If a motor (6.6 KV 500 KW, Is = 6 X FLC, and 1.0 X LRT) is started with
reactor Soft Starter by applying 50% voltage then the starting current
will be 3XFLC and torque will be .25XFLT.

Fig.1. Show the typical arrangement for the line side series Soft Starter
with line side and bypass arrangement.

SERIES REACTOR-:
In Series Reactor Soft Starter, to reduce the motor terminal voltage, a wound conductor (Reactor Coil)
is used as series impedance. The advantages of using Series Reactor are as below.

1. No energy is consumed.
2. No mechanical moving parts.
3. Light in weight.
4. Natural Air Cooled, No oil or forced cooling is required.
5. The impedance of reactor is a function of current passing through it, Hence a constant acceleration
torque is achieved till the motor reaches its full speed.
6. Linear acceleration [only achieved with Air Core Technology]
7. Multiple taps helps to select the motor starting current and torque (adjustable at site)
8. With air core , there is an added advantages, i.e. air core reactors act like filter and do not allow the
harmonics generated by motor to be passed on to the supply system.
-----

Jayashree Electron Pvt. Ltd. [An ISO 9001:2000 company]


EL-12, J Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune – 411 026 (M. S.) India. Tel.: +91-20-2712 1295 / 46768998 Fax: +91-20-3068 1357
Web : www.jayashree.co.in / www.soft-starters.co.in Email : [email protected]
Advantages of using of air core as a series reactor for motor soft starter.

1. Smooth and linear acceleration of motor.


2. Filtration of harmonics.
3. Noise and vibration free operation.
4. No heat generation.
5. No energy is consumed by the Soft Starter, hence loss less method for motor soft starter.
6. No eddy current losses.

-----
Some Manufactures also use iron core for the designing of series Reactor of motor Soft Starter as it is
more easy to design and economical. But iron core technology is best suited for transformer manufacturing but
not the right choice for motor Soft Starter designing for the following reasons.

1. The construction of iron core reactor is very bulky, heavy.


2. Soft Starter is a device which is primarily meant for reducing the maximum demand of the supply system
while starting a motor and to reduce the starting current, and it is not suppose to consume any energy while
doing so. But with the iron core Soft starters, there are many losses as below,

a. Iron Losses.
b. Eddy Current Losses.
c. Losses due to saturation of iron core.

These losses lead to:-

1. Generation of heat during starting.


2. Generation of vibrations and noise.
3. Saturation of core leads to nonlinear acceleration of motor as the impedance of the series reactor follows
the nature of B-H curves.
4. The eddy currents generate harmonics and creates disturbance for the other equipments on the same line
as well as the supply systems.

All the above mentioned problem gets eliminated by the use of air core, hence Air core is a right choice
for motor Soft Starter application.

Please see the summary comparison chart of both methods.

Jayashree Electron Pvt. Ltd. [An ISO 9001:2000 company]


EL-12, J Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune – 411 026 (M. S.) India. Tel.: +91-20-2712 1295 / 46768998 Fax: +91-20-3068 1357
Web : www.jayashree.co.in / www.soft-starters.co.in Email : [email protected]
A comparison chart for two methods.

SR. PARAMETER AIR CORE [CORE LESS] REACTOR IRON (MAGNETIC) CORE REACTOR.
NO.

1 CHARACTERISTICS PURELY LINEAR OVER THE NON LINEAR DUE TO IRON CORE.
COMPLTE RANGE

2 LOSSES NO LOSSES LOSSESS PRESENT BECAUSE OF THE


IRON CORE [IRON LOSSES]

3 EFFICIENCY HIGHLY EFFICIENT VERY LOW EFFICIENCY DUE TO LOSSES

4 COPPER HIGH VOLUME OF COPPER IS LOW VOLUME OF COPPER IS REQUIRED


REQUIRED. FOR THE SAME IMPEDANCE, DUE TO
IRON CORE.

5 WEIGHT & PHYSICAL LIGHT WEIGHT,SMALL IN SIDE HEAVY, BULKEY, BIGGER IN SIZE
DIAMENTIONS

6 HEAT GENERATION NO HEAT IS GENERATED HEAT IS GENERATED BECAUSE OF IRON


( MAGNETIC CORE )

7 CORE MEDIA AIR- NO NOISE , NO VIBERATION , IRON – NOISY, GENERATES VIBERATION


NO HEAT GENERATION AND HEAT.

8 DRAWBACKS NO COER, HENCE MORE COPPER EDDY CURRENT LOSSES GENERATION


IS REQUIRED THAN IRON CORE, OF HARMONICS.CORE SATURATION
HENCE LITTLE EXPENSIVE. PROBLEMS.

9 ADVANTAGES 1. SMOOTH LINEAR 1. LESS COPPER IS REQUIRED,


ACCELARATION OF SO ECONOMIC TO MANUFACTURE.
MOTOR.
2. FILTERATION OF
HARMONICS, EVEN THE
HARMONICS GENERATED
BY THE MOTOR ARE
FILLTERD AND NOT
ALLOWED TO PASS TO
SUPPLY SYSTEM.

To know more about the Air core design and Soft Starter application, please contact JAYASHREE ELECTRON,
(INDIA), E-mail your questions to [email protected].

Jayashree Electron Pvt. Ltd. [An ISO 9001:2000 company]


EL-12, J Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune – 411 026 (M. S.) India. Tel.: +91-20-2712 1295 / 46768998 Fax: +91-20-3068 1357
Web : www.jayashree.co.in / www.soft-starters.co.in Email : [email protected]

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