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Curriculum Design and Instructions-Assignment

This document outlines the curriculum design and development process in Pakistan. It discusses several key points: 1) The Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for curriculum preparation and implementation. The National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbooks (NBCT) supervises curriculum standards from primary to higher secondary levels. 2) Each province has a provincial curriculum center and textbook board (PTTB) responsible for preparing, publishing, and distributing textbooks according to the approved syllabi. 3) The curriculum design process involves developing objectives, schemes of study, syllabi for each subject, instructional materials, textbook approval, and teacher training. 4) Higher education curriculum is reviewed by the Higher Education Commission (HEC

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Ahmad Nawaz
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156 views

Curriculum Design and Instructions-Assignment

This document outlines the curriculum design and development process in Pakistan. It discusses several key points: 1) The Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for curriculum preparation and implementation. The National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbooks (NBCT) supervises curriculum standards from primary to higher secondary levels. 2) Each province has a provincial curriculum center and textbook board (PTTB) responsible for preparing, publishing, and distributing textbooks according to the approved syllabi. 3) The curriculum design process involves developing objectives, schemes of study, syllabi for each subject, instructional materials, textbook approval, and teacher training. 4) Higher education curriculum is reviewed by the Higher Education Commission (HEC

Uploaded by

Ahmad Nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Muhammad Ahmad Nawaz

Roll No: Bsf1802733


Class: BBA 4th morning
Subject: Curriculum Design and Instruction
Submitted to: Professor Nadeem Akhtar

CURRICULUM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT


IN PAKISTAN
Curriculum:
• That which is taught in schools
• A set of subjects.
• Content
•A program of studies.
• A set of materials
• A sequence of courses.
• A course of study
• A set of performance objectives
• Everything that goes on within the school, including extra-class activities,
guidance, and interpersonal relationships.
• Everything that is planned by school personnel.
• A series of experiences undergone by learners in a school.
• That which an individual learner experiences as a result of schooling. • An
aggregate of courses of study in a school system.
• An aggregate of courses of study in a school system.
• Planned and unplanned concept, content, skills, work habits, means of
assessment, attitudes and

Education plays a vital role in nation building.

Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for the Preparation and


implementation of the curriculum in country.
NBCT, commonly known as the Curriculum Wing was appointed to supervise
curriculum and textbooks development/approval and to maintain curriculum
standards from the primary through to the higher secondary levels.
The scheme of studies is based on three key factors:
(1) The national education policy.
(2) Market demand.
(3) Global issues that relate to new or contemporary education dimensions.

Responsibilities of ministry of education

Federal Ministry of Education is responsible in making of:


Curriculum
Syllabus
Planning
Policy
Education standards

National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbooks (NBTC)

Also known as curriculum wing.


Supervise curriculum and textbooks.
Approves and maintain curriculum standards from the primary to the higher
secondary levels.

Provincial curriculum Centre

Every province has a provincial curriculum center


to ensure provincial collaboration.
Involve in all activities falling within the purview of the federation.
Each Province has its own Provincial Textbook Board (PTTB)
PTTBs are responsible for:
Preparing
Publishing
Stocking
Distributing
marketing school textbooks

Curriculum Design and Development Process

Curriculum Design and Development


Evolution of curriculum objectives.
Development of scheme of studies.
Development of syllabus of each subject.
Development of textbook, instructional material.
Approval of textual material.
Teacher training.

Developing Objectives

Objectives are derived from Recommendation of the National Education Policy


National Level Seminars, Forums of research studies.
Inter Board Committee of Chairmen
NBCT prepares the draft of objectives.
Circulated in provincial institutions responsible for curriculum development.
Objectives are finalized.
Translated to the specific teaching objectives.

Factors considered in finalizing the objectives

be precise.
Assist in the selection of teaching strategy.
Produce a designated behavior pattern.
Enables teachers to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of learning.
The studies scheme
It is based on three key factors:
The national education policy
Market demand
Global issues

Task work in this area is undertaken with the participation of:


Provincial government
Research organizations and experts
Feedback of the IBCC

Development of syllabi
It is based on objectives and scheme of study.
Subject specific syllabi is prepared in consultation with:
Subject expert
Psychologist
serving teacher

Syllabi must satisfy the following conditions:

Based on the needs of learner.


Take into account the existing knowledge and the environmental experience of
the learner.
The development level of the learner is considered in the cognitive, effectiveness
and psycho-motor domain.
Content should be focused on attaining the objectives.

Textbook Development

Provincial Text Book Boards (PTBB) are responsible for the development of the
text-books according to the approved syllabi.

How textbook is developed?


Establish a list of text book writers.
Invitation are sent to the writers to submit the material within the syllabus
parameter.
Selection is made on the basis of relevance of material.
The selected material is transformed into a textbook.

Review the Approval

National review committee comprises on five or six members:


At least one expert form the syllabus Formulation Committee.
Two subject experts.
Two school teachers

Textbooks review parameter

the books truly reflects the curriculum.


It meets the objectives stated in the curriculum.
Book does not contain any material repugnant to Islamic and Pakistani ideology.
In case of approval, textbook is sent for publishing and distribution.

Teacher Training

Teacher training for curriculum implementation is the responsibility of the


provincial government.
It is now stressed that each textbook must have a teacher's guide.
In some cases assistance in the training of the master’s trainers is provided to
provincial government.

Curriculum Development Problems

There are several obstacles affecting the quality and effectiveness of curriculum
development process in Pakistan.
Lack of subject area expert.
Textbook often do not reflect the curriculum
Lack of follow-up of actual curriculum implementation in classroom practice.
Curriculum often different from the official curriculum documentation

Curriculum Development at Higher Education Level

Introduction

In 1973’s constitution, Government placed education on the concurrent list.


Federal Government took the responsibility to determine the curriculum text
boards, policy, planning and standards of education

Higher Education Commission

In December, 1976 Federal Government appointed University Grant commission


(now HEC) as the competent authority to look after the curriculum revision work
at bachelor level and onwards
It also look after the degrees, certificates and diplomas awarded by degree
colleges, universities and other institutions of HEC.

Procedure to Review/ Revise Curriculum

in 45th meeting of Vice-Chancellor’s Committee it’s recommended that the UGC


should review the curriculum of a particular discipline after every three years.
HEC adopted a procedure to review/ revise curriculum
in ensure the quality of the updated curricula.

Steps Involved in Curriculum Review/Revision Process

PHASE-I Curriculum under consideration.


PHASE – II Circulation of the draft curriculum.

PHASE-I
Step-1
Constitution of National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC) in the subject.
The Vice-Chancellors of all public and private sector universities, R&D
organizations, Directorate of colleges and industries in relation to the subject
under consideration, are requested to nominate their representatives, for
appointment of National Curriculum Review Committee (NCRC).

Step-2
Assessment/Analysis of the existing Curriculum
The existing curricula is circulated amongst the members of NCRC to discuss it
with their colleagues and bring collective proposals for review and revision of
existing curricula in relation to
objectives (of teaching the subject).
Scheme of studies
Course-content
Weight age
Reading materials
teaching strategies
Methods of evaluation.

In this way participation of maximum number of subject experts is ensured.

Step-3
NCRC meeting.
Draft preparation.
The first meeting of the NCRC is organized at the HEC Headquarter Islamabad or
one of its Regional Centers at Peshawar, Lahore and Karachi.
Other universities at different places may also be chosen to serve the purpose.
The meeting draft of the revised curricula, after detail discussion and deliberation
on the proposals prepared by the NCRC members.

PHASE – II
Circulation of the Draft Curriculum

Step-4
Appraisal of the first draft.
The first draft prepared is circulated among the universities, institutions and
organization and is viewed for its further improvement.
The view/recommendations collected on the draft curriculum were deliberated
upon to design and finalize the curriculum of specific subject of study in a final
meeting.

Step-5
NCRC meeting-II:
Finalization of draft
The second meeting of the NCRC is held to finalize the draft of the revised
curriculum in the light of comments/suggestions/recommendations received from
the college and university teachers and institutions all over the country.
The meeting would again take 3 days to finalize a curriculum.
The draft so finalized support expertise of all faculty members of the subject
under consideration, who are directly or indirectly involved in this process.

Step-6
Approval of the revised curricula by the Vice-Chancellors’ Committee:
The final draft curriculum is submitted to the Vice-Chancellors’ Committee for
approval.

Implementation

the curriculum designed is printed and sent to universities/institutions for its


adoption/implementation after the approval of the Competent Authority.

The problem is that there is lack of follow-up of actual curriculum


implementation in classroom practice. The curriculum actually implemented is
generally different from the official curriculum document. The classroom teacher,
who primarily focuses on the textbooks and assessment, does not take into
account the educational objectives. No evaluation of the implemented curriculum
is carried out, hence no feedback is received to revise the curriculum.

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