ORAL COM • “I agree with the point just made.

But may I
add that...”
Seven Communicative Strategies • “May I have the floor, sir?”

1. Nomination
4. Topic Control
- to collaboratively and productively
- ideas and continue the discussion
establish a topic
- limits the coverage of a discussion
- you try to open a topic with the people
and question-answer formula that
you are talking to.
moves the discussion forward.
How to start a conversation with a new or - allows the participants to contribute .
unfamiliar person? Examples:
• “Maybe we should reserve that topic for
Step 1: another time...”
• “Now is not the time to talk about that…”
Choose the right time and place.
• “This might not be the best venue/right
Step 2: time for such a discussion...”
5. Topic Shifting
If you do not know the person, introduce yourself. - requires listening intently to the people
If you know the person, say “Hi.” - occurs when you would like another,
more interesting or pleasant topic to
Step 3: talk about

Choose a topic that you would like to talk about OR Prompts for informal conversation
ask a question.
- Well, in other news...
“Let’s talk about…” - By the way...
- Before I forget...
“I’m interested to know about…”
- I know this is off-topic, but I have to
“How about…?” ask/say…

Step 4: Prompts for formal conversation

Judge whether the person is listening and if he/she - At this point, I’d like to say/mention
wants to talk about...
- Let me take this opportunity to say...
2. Restriction - Allow me to take a moment to...
- any limitation you may have as - Maybe we can continue that discussion
speaker/listener some other time...
- It limits the response of the 6. Repair
speaker/listener into two. - for recouping lost rapport in a
- Yes/no, agree/disagree conversation
3. Turn-taking - Saying “sorry” is the most common
- recognizing when and how to speak repair strategy.
- you wait for your turn to speak by
listening and waiting for her/him to Examples:
finish talking
- I’m sorry, I take that back...
Examples:
- Let me clarify that...
 - That came out wrong, let me rephrase 3. CONSULTATIVE
that... - is used precisely among people who do
7. Termination not share common experiences or
- ending an interaction to avoid meaning
conflicts or arguments - usually happens between a
- must be done politely as possible professional and his/her clients
- Express your desire to end the 4. FROZEN
conversation in a polite manner. - is a style whose quality is constant,
- Apologize for cutting the conversation. ceremonial and may even be ancient
- is used generally in a very formal
Examples: setting for respectful situation
- Does not require any feedback from
- “Never mind, it doesn’t matter.
the audience.
Let’s not talk about it anymore.”
- “Fixed Speech”
- “I’m sorry but I’m not comfortable
- most formal communicative style
talking about this.”
- complex sentence structures and
- “Excuse me, but I really need to go.
vocabulary known only by experts
Let’s talk again soon.”
-
5. FORMAL
SPEECH STYLE - is used only for imparting information
1. INTIMATE - The sentences are well-structured,
- is a non-public speech style that uses logically arranged, and strongly
private vocabulary and includes coherent.
nonverbal messages - uses formal words and expressions
- is used in conversations between
people who are very close and know THE ART OF LISTENING
each other
LISTENING
- the act of giving attention to others
Examples: - process by using schemata, sensory
1. Telling your problems/secrets to your experience or background knowledge
sibling. to attend, recognize and interpret
2. Asking your family for pieces of advice verbal or spoken language
about school matters. - is not simple and passive but it is
complex and active
2. CASUAL
- is usually used among friends and EFFECTIVE LISTENING
acquaintances that have something to - means hearing, comprehending and
share and require background remembering.
information
- is a free style speech TYPES OF LISTENING
- language used is general 1. Informational Listening
- vocabulary used is colloquial - To learn

GOAL: learning, understanding, and

graphing information.
 2. Critical Listening **The leader manages the discussion since every
- To evaluate and analyze member of the group can be a speaker or a listener.
Order must be observed to come to a consensus.**
GOAL: analyzing, making judgments,
assessing truth, good/bad, 3. P U B L I C COMMUNICATION
worthy/unworthy - involves only one speaker but the
audience is a group of listeners
3. Empathic Listening/Therapeutic Listening
- To understand feeling/emotion 4. M A S SCOMMUNICATION

GOAL: Putting yourself on the shoe of - broadcasts it to the viewing or listening

others, understanding one pov public with the aid of mass media
technology
4. Appreciative
- To be entertained. 5. ORGANIZATIONALCOMMUNICATION

THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH - refers to the interaction of members

following their links in a business
INTRAPERSONAL structure

• first level of communication 6. INTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATION

• involves only one person - exchange of concepts, values,

traditions, and practices among people
• communicating with one’s self
of different nationalities
INTERPERSONAL

• involves two or more person

• The number of participants defines the

particular level of communication and
involves different means of delivering the
message.

TYPES:

1. D Y A D I C COMMUNICATION

• involves only two participants collectively

called dyad

• one speaker and one listener exchange

thoughts, ideas, feelings, opinions and
feelings (roles are not fixed)

2. SMALL GROUPCOMMUNICATION
- requires 3 to 15 people
- group discussion has an agenda and an
outcome to accomplish