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Routing Protocols Fundamentals

This document discusses routing protocols fundamentals, including: 1. Static routes, which are manually configured and do not automatically update if the network topology changes. Static routes are used for smaller networks, default routes, and stub networks. 2. Administrative distance and metrics, which determine the "trustworthiness" of routing information sources, with lower values preferred. 3. Configuring static routes by specifying the next-hop IP address or outgoing interface. Static routes are verified using ping and traceroute. 4. Default routes, which specify the next-hop router for destinations without a specific matching route.

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Wilson Patricio Escandon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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51 views

Routing Protocols Fundamentals

This document discusses routing protocols fundamentals, including: 1. Static routes, which are manually configured and do not automatically update if the network topology changes. Static routes are used for smaller networks, default routes, and stub networks. 2. Administrative distance and metrics, which determine the "trustworthiness" of routing information sources, with lower values preferred. 3. Configuring static routes by specifying the next-hop IP address or outgoing interface. Static routes are verified using ping and traceroute. 4. Default routes, which specify the next-hop router for destinations without a specific matching route.

Uploaded by

Wilson Patricio Escandon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Routing Protocols Fundamentals

Facilitador:
Diego Avila P.
Material compilado de CCNA & CCNP
WAN Devices
⚫ A wide-area network (WAN) is a data communications
network spanning a large geographic area such as a state,
province, or country.
WAN Services
Internal Configuration Components
Routers Connected by WAN Technologies

MPLS
Network Layer Path Determination
Internetwork Routers
⚫ Any internetwork must include the following:
 Consistent end-to-end addressing
 Addresses that represent network topologies
 Best path selection
 Dynamic routing
 Switching
Router Internal Components
Internal Components of a 2600 Router
External Connections on a 2600 Router
Router External Connections
Router User Interface
Router User Interface Modes
Command-Line Interface
Command Modes
User Mode Commands
clock set Command
The User Interface Error Indicator
The show version Command
Configuring Router Passwords
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# hostname R1
R1(config)# enable secret class
R1(config)# line console 0
R1(config-line)# logging synchronous
R1(config-line)# password cisco
R1(config-line)# login
R1(config-line)# exit
R1(config)# line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)# password cisco
R1(config-line)# login
R1(config-line)# transport input ssh telnet
R1(config-line)# exit
R1(config)# service password-encryption
R1(config)# banner motd #
Enter TEXT message. End with a new line and the #
***********************************************
WARNING: Unauthorized access is prohibited!
***********************************************
#
Routing Protocols Concepts
Routing Types
Static Routes
Static routes are manually configured. They define an explicit
path between two networking devices. They are not automatically
updated and must be manually reconfigured if the network
topology changes.
Static routing has three primary uses:
 It provides ease of routing table maintenance in smaller
networks that are not expected to grow significantly.
 It uses a single default route to represent a path to any
network that does not have a more specific match with
another route in the routing table. Default routes are used to
send traffic to any destination beyond the next upstream
router.
 It routes to and from stub networks. A stub network is a
network accessed by a single route, and the router has only
one neighbor.
Static Routes in the IP Routing Table
The topology in the figure is simplified to show only one LAN attached to each router.
The figure shows IPv4 and IPv6 static routes configured on R1 to reach the 10.0.4.0/24
and 2001:db8:acad:4::/64 networks on R2.
Specifying Outgoing Interface

• If the router cannot reach the outgoing interface that is being used in the route,
the route will not be installed in the routing table.
• This means if that interface is down, the route will not be placed in the routing
table.
Specifying the Next-hop IP Address
Administrative Distance and Metric
Hoboken#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static,
S 172.16.1.0/24 [1/0] is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

⚫ [ administrative distance / routing metric (or cost) ]


⚫ The cost for all static routes is “0”
⚫ The default administrative distance for static
routes is “1”

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Administrative Distance

⚫ Administrative Distance is the “trustworthiness” of the routing information.


⚫ Lower the administrative distance the more trustworthy the information.
⚫ If the router hears about a route to the same network from more than one
source it will use the administrative distance to decide which route to put in the
routing table.
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Configuring Static Routes (dual stack)
IPv4 Next-Hop Static Route
In a next-hop static route, only the next-hop IP address is specified. The
exit interface is derived from the next hop. For example, three next-hop
IPv4 static routes are configured on R1 using the IP address of the next
hop, R2.
R1(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
The resulting routing table entries on R1:
IPv6 Next-Hop Static Route
The commands to configure R1 with the IPv6 static routes to the three remote networks are as follows:

R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing


R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:acad:1::/64
2001:db8:acad:2::2
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:1::/64
2001:db8:acad:2::2
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:cafe:2::/64
2001:db8:acad:2::2
The routing table for R1 now has routes to the three remote IPv6 networks.
Verify static routes

Copy running-config startup-config

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Ping and Traceroute to troubleshoot

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Default Route
The default route specifies a next-hop router to use when the routing table
does not contain a specific route that matches the destination IP address. A
default route has an IPv4 route entry of 0.0.0.0/0 or an IPv6 route entry of ::/0.
This means that zero or no bits need to match between the destination IP
address and the default route.

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