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Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Technology: Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Faizan Shah

The document discusses the history and types of lathe machines. It describes the key components of a lathe including the bed, carriage, headstock, tailstock, lead screw, and various work holding devices. It also outlines common lathe operations such as turning, facing, drilling, threading, and knurling. The lathe is used to shape and form cylindrical workpieces through these different operations. Proper tool selection and machining parameters like speed, depth, and feed rates depend on the workpiece material and required surface finish.

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47 views

Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Technology: Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Faizan Shah

The document discusses the history and types of lathe machines. It describes the key components of a lathe including the bed, carriage, headstock, tailstock, lead screw, and various work holding devices. It also outlines common lathe operations such as turning, facing, drilling, threading, and knurling. The lathe is used to shape and form cylindrical workpieces through these different operations. Proper tool selection and machining parameters like speed, depth, and feed rates depend on the workpiece material and required surface finish.

Uploaded by

Haroon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Faizan Shah


Lecture 01
Lathe Machine (History)
■ The Lathe Machine is one of the oldest and most
important machine tools. As early as 1569, wood lathes
were in use in France. The lathe machine was adapted to
metal cutting in England during the Industrial Revolution.
■ Lathe machine also called “Engine Lathe” because the first
type of lathe was driven by a steam engine.
Types of Lathe.
■ Engine Lathe
■ Bench Lathe
■ Tracer Lathe
■ Tool Room Lathe
■ Automatic Lathe
■ Turret Lathe
■ CNC Lathe
Engine Lathe
Bench Lathe
Tracer Lathe
Tool Room Lathe
Automatic Lathe
Turret Lathe
CNC Lathe
Lathe Machine
Lathe Components
1. Bed: The bed supports all major components of the lathe.
Beds have a large mass and are built rigidly, usually from
gray or nodular cast iron. The top portion of the bed has two
ways
2. Carriage: Consists of an assembly of cross-slide, tool post,
and apron
 The tool post, usually with a compound rest that swivels for
tool positioning and adjustment.
 The cross-slide moves radially in and out
 The apron is equipped with mechanisms for both manual
and mechanized movement of carriage and cross-slide by
means of the lead screw
Lathe Components…
3. Headstock: have a hollow spindle to which Work holding
devices, such as chucks and collets, are attached, and long
bars or tubing can be fed through for various turning
operations.
4. Tailstock: It is equipped with a center that may be fixed
(dead center) or may be free to rotate with the workpiece
(live center).
■ Drills and reamers can be mounted on tailstock quill to drill
axial holes in the workpiece
■ A quill is a hollow cylindrical part with a tapered hole
5. The feed rod and Lead Screw.: is powered by a set of gears
from the headstock. It rotates during the operation of the
lathe and provides movement to the carriage and the cross-
slide by means of gears
Lathe Specifications
A lathe generally is specified by the following parameters:
■ Swing: the max diameter of the workpiece that can be
machined
■ The max distance between the headstock and tailstock
centers (distance between centers)
■ The length of the bed
■ Table 23.6: Typical Capacities and Maximum Workpiece
Dimensions for Machine Tools
■ For example, a lathe may have the following size: 360-mm
swing by 760 mm between centers by 1830-mm length of
bed.
■ Maximum workpiece diameters may be as much as 2 m.
Work holding Devices and
accessories - A chuck
■ 3 or 4 jaws
■ 3 jaws generally have a geared-scroll design that makes the jaws
self-centering. Used for round workpieces [bar stock, pipes tubing]
■ 4 jaw independent chucks. Used for square, rectangular, or odd
shaped more ruggedly than three jaw chucks, four-jaw chucks are
used for heavy workpieces
■ jaws can be reversed
■ chucks: power actuated [pneumatically or hydraulically] or manual
■ chucks available in various designs & sizes: selection depends on:
■ type & speed of operation
■ workpiece size
■ production & accuracy requirements.
■ jaw forces requirements
Lathe Operations
Lathe Operations…
■ Turning: to produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved
workpieces (Figs. a through d), such as shafts, spindles, and
pins.
■ Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part and
perpendicular to its axis (Fig. e), useful for parts that are
assembled with other components. Face grooving produces
grooves for applications such as O-ring seats (Fig. f).
■ Cutting with form tools: (Fig. g) to produce various
axisymmetric shapes for functional or aesthetic purposes.
■ Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a
previous process or to produce circular internal grooves (Fig.
h).
Lathe Operations…
■ Drilling: to produce a hole (Fig. i), which may be followed by
boring to improve its dimensional accuracy and surface
finish.
■ Parting: also called cutting off, to cut a piece from the end of
a part, as is done in the production of slugs or blanks for
additional processing into discrete products (Fig. j).
■ Threading: to produce external or internal threads (Fig. k).
■ Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on
cylindrical surfaces, as in making knobs and handles (Fig. l).
Turning Operation
■ Turning may be performed at various speeds, depth and
feeds ƒ (Fig. below), depending on:
• workpiece and tool materials
• surface finish and dimensional accuracy required
• characteristics of the machine tool.
THE TURNING PROCESS
Tool Geometry
LATHES AND LATHE OPERATIONS
Workholding Devices and accessories - A chuck
■ 3 or 4 jaws
■ 3 jaws generally have a geared-scroll design that makes the jaws self-centering.
Used for round workpieces [bar stock, pipes tubing]
■ 4 jaw independent chucks. Used for square, rectangular, or odd shaped more
ruggedly than three jaw chucks, four-jaw chucks are used for heavy workpieces
■ jaws can be reversed
■ chucks: power actuated [pneumatically or hydraulically] or manual
chucks available in various designs & sizes: selection depends on:
1. type & speed of operation
2. workpiece size
3. production & accuracy requirements.
4. jaw forces requirements

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