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Subject Code: 17511 Model Answer Page 1 of 26

Important suggestions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to
assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance.
(Not applicable for subject English and communication skills)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a figure.
The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant
values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate understands.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.

Q.1 Attempt any Five: (4 x 5 = 20 Marks)

a) State the working principle of 3-ph induction motor.
Ans: Working principle of 3 phase induction motor: (4 Marks)
The principle of working of 3 phase induction motor on the basis of the concept
of rotating magnetic field can be explained as follows:
When 3-Ph AC supply is given to stator of three phase induction motor, rotating
magnetic field is produced in air gap, which starts to rotate around the stator frame with
synchronous speed (Ns = 120f/P). There is a relative motion between rotating magnetic
field and stationary rotor conductors which is (Ns-N). According to faradays laws of
electromagnetic induction, emf will be induced in the rotor conductors. As the rotor
conductor are short circuited on either sides by end rings, current flows through it. Due
to interaction between stator and rotor flux rotor starts rotating .Rotor rotates in the same
direction as that of rotating magnetic field.
According to ‘Lenz Law’ the rotor current should oppose the cause which produces
it i.e. relative speed Ns-N. So the rotor will try to catch the rotating magnetic field speed
Ns to minimize the relative speed.
But due to inertia and friction of rotor, they never succeed. Hence rotor will be in
continuous rotation with speed N, which is always less than Ns .
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b) Draw a block diagram showing power stages of 3-ph induction motor.

Ans: Diagram showing power flow stages of a 3 phase induction motor :
( Figure : 4 Mark)

OR

OR

State the necessity of starter in 3-ph induction motor. Enlist any four types of starters used in 3-
c)
ph induction motor.
Ans: i) The necessity of starter for 3-ph induction motor: -------------------------------- (2Mark)

If a 3-phase A.C supply is directly given to a 3-phase induction motor, at starting the
motor will draw heavy current because (An induction motor is similar to a poly-phase
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transformer whose secondary is short circuited.) Such a huge current is harmful to the
motor. Therefore there is necessity of starter for 3-phase induction motor to control the
starting current.

ii) The names of starters used for 3-phase induction motor. -------------- (2 Mark)
1) DOL Starter
2) Star-Delta Starter
3 ) Rotor resistance starter
4) Auto transformer Starter

List out the advantages of having a stationary armature and rotating field of 3-ph
d)
alternator.
Ans: (Any four Point Expected each point 1 Marks)
Following Advantages of stationary armature and rotating field of a 3-phase
alternator:
Various advantages of rotating field can be stated as,
1) The generation level of a.c. voltage may be higher as 11 KV to 33 KV. This gets
induced in the armature. For stationary armature large space can be provided to
accommodate large number of conductors and the insulations.
2) It is always better to protect high voltage winding from the centrifugal forces caused
due to the rotation. So high voltage armature is generally kept stationary. This
avoids the interaction of mechanical and electrical stresses.
3) It is easier to collect larger currents at very high voltage from a stationary member
than from the slip ring and brush assembly. The voltage required to be supplied to
the field is very low (110 V to 220 V d.c.) and hence can be easily supplied with the
help of slip ring and brush assembly by keeping it rotating.
4) Due to low voltage level on the field side, the insulation required is less and hence
field system has very low inertia. It is always better to rotate low inertia system than
high inertia, as efforts required to rotate low inertia system are always less.
5) Rotating field makes the overall construction very simple. With simple, robust
mechanical construction and low inertia of rotor, it can be driven at high speeds. So
greater output can obtain from an alternator of given size.
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6) If field is rotating, to excite it be external d.c. supply two slip rings are enough. Once
each for positive and negative terminals. As against this, in three phase rotating
armature the minimum number of slip rings required are three and can not be easily
insulated due to high voltage levels.
7) The ventilation arrangement for high voltage side can be improved if it is kept
stationary.
8) Rotating field is comparatively light and can run with high speed.
OR
Following Advantages of stationary armature and rotating field of a 3-phase
alternator:
The field winding of an alternator is placed on the rotor and is connected to d.c.
supply through two slip rings. The 3-phase armature winding is placed on the stator.
This arrangement has the following advantages:

1. It is easier to insulate stationary winding for high voltages for which the alternators
are usually designed. It is because they are not subjected to centrifugal forces and
also extra space is available due to the stationary arrangement of the armature. Or It
is easier to insulate stationary armature winding for high AC voltage, which may
have as high a value as 30KV or more.
2. The stationary 3-phase armature can be directly connected to load without going
through large, unreliable slip rings and brushes.
3. Only two slip rings are required for d.c. supply to the field winding on the rotor.
Since the exciting current is small, the slip rings and brush gear required are of light
construction. Or The sliding contacts i.e. slip rings are transferred to the low voltage,
low power DC field current which can, therefore be easily insulated.
4. Due to simple and robust construction of the rotor, higher speed of rotating d.c. field
is possible. This increases the output obtainable from a machine of given dimensions.

e) State the necessity conditions of parallel operation of 3-ph alternator.

Ans: Conditions of parallel operation of 3-ph alternator:-
(Any Four Point expected: 1 Mark each)
1. The phase sequence of both 3-ph alternators must be same.

2. The AC voltages of both 3-ph alternators should be equal.

3. The frequencies of both 3-ph alternators must be equal.

4. Phase voltages of both 3-ph alternators must be in proper phase relation or polarity of
phase voltages of both 3-ph alternators must be identical.
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f) Give the reason why single phase induction motors are not self starting.
Ans: Reason for single phase induction motors are not self starting: (4 Mark)

 When single phase AC supply is given to main winding it produces alternating flux.
 According to double field revolving theory, alternating flux can be represented by
two opposite rotating flux of half magnitude.
 These oppositely rotating flux induce current in rotor & there interaction produces
two opposite torque hence the net torque is Zero and the rotor remains standstill.
 Hence Single-phase induction motor is not self starting.
OR
Single phase induction motor has distributed stator winding and a squirrel-
cage rotor. When fed from a single-phase supply, its stator winding produces a flux (or
field) which is only alternating i.e. one which alternates along one space axis only. It is
not a synchronously revolving (or rotating) flux as in the case of a two or a three phase
stator winding fed from a 2 of 3 phase supply. Now, alternating or pulsating flux
acting on a stationary squirrel-cage rotor cannot produce rotation (only a revolving
flux can produce rotation). That is why a single phase motor is not self-starting.

g) Give any two advantages and two disadvantages of single phase induction generator.
Ans: Advantages of single phase induction generator: (Any Two expected : 1 Mark each)

1. They are robust and sturdy.

2. Are cheaper in cost.
3. The construction is simple.
4. Low Maintenance. Very little maintenance is required.
5. It does not require any complex circuit for starting.
6. They can be operated in hazardous environments and even under water as they do not
produce sparks.

Disadvantages of single phase induction generator: (Any Two expected : 1 Mark each)

1. Speed control is difficult

2. At low loads, the power factor drops to very low values
3. Efficiency drops at low loads. This is because; the low power factor causes a higher
current to be drawn. This results in higher copper losses.
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Q.2 Attempt any FOUR : 16 Marks

Derive the condition for maximum torque at running condition of a 3-ph induction
a)
motor.
Ans: Note: The student can follow for different method of derivation also
Let us consider the equation of torque,
K  S E2 R2
T 2
R2  S 2 X 2 -------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
Condition of maximum torque can be found out by taking derivative of torque
1
equation w.r.t. Slip and equating it to zero. For the simplicity of derivation, let us put M
T
2 2
R  S2 X2
M  2
K  S E2 R2 --------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
2
R22 S2 X2
M 
K  S E 2 R2 K  S E2 R2
R2 S X2
M 
K  S E2 K  E 2 R2
2
d (M ) d R2 S X2
 [  ]0
dS dS K  S E2 K  E2 R2 ------------------- (1 Mark)
2
R2 X2
 2
 0
K  S E2 K  E 2 R2
2
X2 R2

K  E 2 R2 K  S 2 E 2
2
S2X2 R22

K  E2 R2 K  S 2 E2
2
S 2 X 2 = R22
 R2  S X 2

------------------- (1Mark)
This is the condition for maximum torque of 3-Ph induction motor under running

b) How speed of 3-ph induction motor is controlled by using pole changing method ?
Ans: by Following reason varying number of poles of the stator winding (pole changing
control) : ( 4 Mark)
120  f
1. The synchronous speed of an induction motor is given by N S  .
P
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2. It is clear from the equation that if the number of poles of the stator is decreased,
the speed of the motor will increased.
3. When the number of poles are increases, the speed of the motor decreases.
4. The poles of the stator winding can be changed by having two or more separate
stator windings of different pole combination housed in common stator frame. By
selecting proper number of pole combination, Ns can be varied and hence the
speed.
OR
From the above equation of synchronous speed, it can be seen that synchronous
speed (and hence, running speed) can be changed by changing the number of stator
poles. This method is generally used for squirrel cage induction motors, as squirrel
cage rotor adapts itself for any number of stator poles. Change in stator poles is achieved
by two or more independent stator windings wound for different number of poles in
same slots.
For example, a stator is wound with two 3phase windings, one for 4 poles and other for
6 poles. for supply frequency of 50 Hz
i) synchronous speed when 4 pole winding is connected, Ns = 120*50/4 = 1500 RPM
ii) synchronous speed when 6 pole winding is connected, Ns = 120*50/6 = 1000 RPM

Define each of the following term of alternator: i) Leakage reactance ii) Synchronous
c)
impedance iii) Distribution factor iv) Pitch factor.
Ans: (Each Definition: 1 Mark)
i) Leakage reactance:
The working flux does not only passes through intended path. Some part of working
flux will be lost due to leakage. Hence leakage reactance is defined as the factor or
parameters which represents the leakage flux
OR
When armature carries a current, it produces its own flux. Some part of this flux
completes its path through the air around the conductors itself. Such a flux is called
leakage flux. The equivalent reactance due to this leakage flux is called as ;leakage
reactance
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ii) Synchronous impedance:

It is a fictitious impedance employed to account for the voltage effects in armature
circuit produced by the actual armature resistance, the actual armature leakage reactance,
and the change in air gap flux produced by armature reaction.
OR
ZS = Ra + j ( XL + Xa )
= Ra + j ( XS)
Where,
ZS = synchronous impedance, Ra = Armarure resistance, XL = Leakage reactance,
Xa = Armature reaction reactance, XS = Synchronous reactance
iii) Distribution factor
It is the ratio of vector sum of the emf in the individual coil to the arithmetical
sum if the coils are of concentrated type or all the coil sides are in only one slot.
OR
Vector sum of coil voltages per phase
Kd 
arithmetic sum of coil volatges per phase

iv) Pitch factor:

It is the ratio of the voltage generated in the short pitch coil to the voltage generated
in the full pitch coil.
OR
Actual voltage generated in the short pitch coil
KC 
Voltage generated in the full pitch coil

d) State the need of parallel operation of 3-ph alternator.

Ans: The necessity of parallel operation of Alternators :
( Any Four Point expected: 1 Mark each)

1. Continuity in supply system:

Continuity in supply system is we have two or more alternator in parallel and if one
is out of order then the power supply can be maintained with the help of another
alternator.
2. More Efficiency:
The alternators can be put ON or cut OFF as per the load demand. The efficiency
of alternator is maximum at full load. Therefore we can put ON required number of
alternators as per load demand and operate the alternators at full load capacity.
3. Maintenance and repair:
With more number of alternators in parallel, any one can be taken out of
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maintenance and repair without disturbing the supply. The smaller units are very easily
repairable.
4. Standby of reserved unit:
In case of number of small alternators in parallel, The standby alternator required
is also of small capacity.
5. Future expansion:
Considering the probable increasing in demand in future, some additional units are
installed and can be connected in parallel.
6. Saving In Fuel: Since almost all alternators are operated on full load no anyone
alternator operates lightly loaded.
OR

Advantages of parallel operation of alternator:-

1. Several small units connected in parallel are more reliable than a single large unit. If
one of small units is disabled, the entire power supply is not cut –off.

2. The units may be connected in service and taken out of service to correspond with the
load on the station. This keeps the units loaded to their full load capacity & increases
the efficiency of the operation.

3) Out of several units if one unit fails, it can be repaired easily without the failure of
supply to consumers.

4) Additional units can be connected in parallel with the resent units to correspond with
the growth of the load.

5) Cost of the spares if any required for repair, maintenance will be reduced.

Give the two applications of each motor : i) A.C. series motor ii) Universal motor
e)
iii) Linear induction motor iv) Stepper motor.
Ans: Applications of each of the following: ( Each Motor Application : 1 Mark)

Sr.No Types of Induction Motor Applications (Any Two expected)

i) A.C. series motor 1. Where high starting torque is required
e.g. Electric Traction
(Any Two Applications 1 Marks)
2. Stone Crushing Machine
3. Washing Machines.
4. Mixers and grinders
5. Food processors.
6. Small drilling Machines.
7. In main line service
8. In Electric Traction
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ii) Universal Motor 1) Mixer

(Any Two Applications 1 Marks) 2) Food processor
3) Heavy duty machine tools
4) Grinder
5) Vacuum cleaners
6) Refrigerators
7) Driving sewing machines
8) Electric Shavers
9) Hair dryers
10) Small Fans
11) Cloth washing machine
12) portable tools like blowers,
drilling machine, polishers etc
iii) Linear Induction Motor  Application for Stationary Field System
(Any Two Applications 1Marks)
1. Automatic sliding doors in an
electrical train,
2. Metallic belt conveyer,
3. Mechanical handling equipment, such
as propulsion of a train of tubs along
a certain route,
4. Shuttle-propelling application.
 Applications for the moving field
system.
1. High and medium speed applications
have been tried with linear motor
propulsion of vehicles with air
cushion or magnetic suspension.
2. High speed application as a travelling
crane motor where the field system is
suspended from loist.
iv) Stepper Motor 1.Suitable for use with computer
(Any Two Applications 1Marks) controlled system
2. Widely used in numerical control of
machine tools.
3. Tape drives
4. Floppy disc drives
5. Computer printers
6. X-Y plotters
7. Robotics
8. Textile industries
9. Integrated circuit fabrication
10. Electric watches
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f) State construction and working of shaded pole single phase induction motor.
Ans: i) Shaded Pole Induction Motor : (Figure-2 Mark & Explanation: 2 Mark)

or

OR Equivalent Fig.

Construction & Working:-

When single phase supply is applied across the stator winding an alternating field
is created. The flux distribution is non uniform due to shading coils on the poles.
Now consider three different instants of time t1, t2, t3 of the flux wave to examine
the effect of shading coil as shown in the fig above. The magnetic neutral axis shifts
from left to right in every half cycle, from non shaded area of pole to the shaded area of
the pole. This gives to some extent a rotating field effect which may be sufficient to
provide starting torque to squirrel cage rotor.

Q.3 Attempt any Four : 16 Marks

The power input to a 500 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole, 3-ph induction motor running at 975 rpm is
a) 40 kW. The stator losses are 1 kW and the friction and windage losses total 2 kW.
Calculate i) The slip ii) The rotor cu-loss iii) Shaft power and iv) The efficiency.
Ans: Given Data:
3Ph, 50 Hz I.M P = 6 Motor I/p = 40 x 103 W N = Actual Speed= 975 RPM
Assuming , NS= 1000 RPM which is very close with N
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NS  N 1000  975
1) The Slip : % Slip   100  - ---------------- (1 /2Marks)
NS 1000

% Slip  0.025 or 2.5 % ------------------------------------- (1 /2Marks)

Now,
Gross Rotor input = Net Power input + Stator Losses ------------------ (1/2 Marks)
= (40 KW+1 KW) watt
= 39 KW or 39 x 103 Watts ------------------------ (1/2 Marks)

2) Rotor Copper Losses: S ( Rotor Input)

= (0.025) (39KW)
= 975 Watts ----------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
3) Shaft Power or Gross Rotor output = ( 1  S ) ( Rotor Input )

= ( 1  0.025 ) ( 39  10 3 )

 38025 watts
4) Net Output: Gross Rotor output – Mechanical Losses
= (38025) – (2000)
Net Output = 36025 Watts (1/2 Marks)
5) Efficiency :
Net Output
Efficiency =  100 - ---------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Rotor Input

36025
=  100
40000
Efficiency = 90.06 % ----------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

b) With neat sketch state the working principle of star-delta starter.

Ans: (Wiring Diagram-2 Mark & Explanation-2 Mark)

 At Starting, the stator winding is connected in star connection.

Vph V
At the time of starting in star connection, Iph  and Vph  L
Z SC 3
Therefore starting current controlled to a safe value.
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 After the motor has reaches nearly steady state speed, the change over switch
is thrown to connect motor in delta
Diagram of Star -Delta starters:

OR

or Equivalent fig.

State any four points of comparison of salient pole type rotor and smooth cylindrical
c)
rotor of 3-ph alternator.
Ans: (Any four point expected -1 Mark each )
S.No Parameter/Machine Salient pole type rotor Smooth cylindrical type
rotor

1 Operating speed Low medium high

2 Number of poles large Small & medium

3 Rotor construction Projected type bulky & Cylindrical poles type

heavy weight comparatively moderate
weight
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4 Axial length short large

5 Diameter large small

6 Operation noisy Very smooth

7 Centrifugal stresses Non uniform uniform

8 Application In hydro power stations Thermal power station

d) State the effect of change in excitation in case of parallel operation of two, 3-ph
alternators.
Ans: The effect of change in excitation in case of Two 3-ph alternator is as under, Keeping
the total load on the alternator is kept constant. (4 Mark)

1. If the excitation of any one alternator increases, it’s reactive power component
increases, it’s power factor decreases and the load current shared by the same
alternator increases.

2. The automatic effect on the remaining alternator is that its power factor increases
while the load current shared decreases.

e) How the direction of rotation of capacitor start capacitor run motor can be reversed?
Ans: Reason for capacitor start and capacitor run can be reversed: (4 Mark)

Single phase motors have two windings, the main winding and the auxiliary
winding. The auxiliary winding is used to start the motor and may be disconnected once
the motor picks up sufficient speed.

Reversing a single phase motors cannot be done by reversing the polarity of the
supply to the entire motor. To reverse the single phase motor, the polarity of the supply
to only one of the windings needs to be changed.

This can be done by reconfiguring special links which may be provided in the
terminal box of the motor.

f) What is the working principle of linear induction motor

Ans: ( Working – 4 Marks)
 Working principle of operation linear induction motor:-
 Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is an asynchronous motor, working on the same
principle an Induction motor works, but is designed to produce the linear motion,
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 When the stator (primary) is excited by applying 3 phase supply in an induction

motor, rotating magnetic field is produced.

 Here, after laying down the stator flat, excitation with three phase supply would
induce a 'travelling flux', a travelling magnetic field, which would linearly travel
along the stator.

 This would again induce emfs in the rotor, which produces a forward thrust force,
and if the secondary (rotor) is fixed primary is free to move, it would travel across
the length of the machine linearly, along the tracks provided so produce the linear
motion.

Q.4 Attempt any Four: 16 Marks

a) State why three phase induction motor never runs on synchronous speed.
Ans: (4 Marks)
The working principle of three phase induction motor is based on relative motion
between rotating magnetic field and rotor conductors i.e (NS - N), According to Lenz’s law
rotor will try to catch the synchronous speed of rotating magnetic field to oppose the ‘cause
producing it’. But rotor never succeeds due to frictional losses.
If rotor catches the synchronous speed of rotating magnetic field, (NS - N) i.e relative
motion will be zero and rotor stops to rotate and therefore three phase induction motor can
never run on synchronous speed .

State how each of the following can reduce starting current of 3-ph induction motor : i)
b) By inserting resistance in rotor winding. ii) By connecting autotransformer in stator
winding.
Ans: i) By inserting resistance in rotor winding can reduce starting current of 3 phase IM:
(2 Marks)
This method is only applicable to slip-ring motors. At the instant of starting, the
external rotor resistance can be kept at maximum value. Therefore heavy starting current
can be controlled.

ii) By connecting autotransformer in stator winding: (2 Marks)

 At the instant of starting, the position of the slider/variable tap is kept at zero
voltage position.

 When the slider moves gradually in clockwise direction, the voltage applied to
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three phase induction motor will be increased in steps.

 At starting reduced voltage can be applied to 3-phase induction motor and hence
heavy starting current will be reduced or controlled.

 When motor start to rotate and achieve about 70 % of the rated speed, the rated
voltage can be applied to 3-phase induction motor.
 Thus by using 3-phase auto transformer as a starter, starting current can be
controlled.
c) Derive the emf equation of an alternator.
Ans: EMF Equation of alternator :
Let, P = No. of rotor poles.  = Flux per pole Z= Number of stator conductors
N = Speed in rpm
Z Ph
turns per phase (Tph)  -------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
2
Frequency of induced emf is
f = Cycles per rotation x rotation per sec
P N
 
2 60
PN
f  --------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
120
Consider one rotation of rotor then change in flux linkage is,
d  P.  Time required for one rotation is,
1 1 60
 dt              Sec. ----------------------- (1/2 Marks)
n ( N 60) N
By faradays law of Electromagnetic induction
d
Average emf per conductor =
dt
P.
ave / Conductor =
( N 60)
P  N
ave / Conductor =          Volt ---------------(1/2 Marks)
60
P   N
ave / turn = 2 ave/ Conductor        Volt
60
P   N
ave / turn = 2        Volt
60
4 P N
 =        Volt --------------------------(1/2 Marks)
120
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PN
 = 4( )
120
PN
ave / turn = 4 f   ( f  )
120
ave / Phs = ave / x Number of turns per phase
= 4 f   TPh -------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
RMS Value per phase is given by,
Eph = Eph (ave) x Form Factor
= 4 f   TPh 1.11 ------------------------------------ (1/2 Marks)
Eph = 4.44 .f TPh volts

It is for full pitched concentrated winding. If winding is distributed & short pitched then
EPh = 4.44 .f . TPh . kd.kc volts
------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Where, Kc = coil span factor or chording factor
Kd = Distribution factor
d) State the double field revolving theory of single phase induction motor.
 Double field revolving theory: ------------ (Figure: 2 Mark & Exp[lantion : 2 Mark)

OR

Ans:

When single phase AC supply is given to main winding it produces alternating flux.
According to double field revolving theory, alternating flux can be represented by two
opposite rotating flux of half magnitude.
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Compare resistance split phase and capacitance split phase induction motor (any four
e)
points)
(Each Point -1 Mark )
S.No Points Resistance split phase Capacitor split phase
motor motor

i) Output Low High

Ans: ii) Starting torque Low High

iii) Power factor Low High
iv) Applications Washing Machine, Fans, Grinder, compressors,
Blowers, Centrifugal Pump,
Refrigerator, Air
Small electrical Tools etc
conditioners, drill machines
etc
f) State the working principle of permanent magnet stepper motor.
Ans:
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor:- (Figure 2 Mark & Working 2 Mark)

or
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Working :-

When we gives supply to stator's winding. There will be a magnetic field developed in the
stator. Now rotor of motor that is made up of permanent magnet, will try to move with the
revolving magnetic field of stator. This is the basic principle of working of stepper motor.
OR
If the phase is excited in ABCD, due to electromagnetic torque is developed by
interaction between the magnetic field set up by exciting winding and permanent magnet.
Rotor will be driven in clockwise direction.

Q.5 Attempt any Two : 16 Marks

An 18.65 kW, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has friction and windage losses of
a) 2.5 percent of the output. The full load slip is 4%. Compute for full load
a) The rotor cu loss b) The rotor input c) The shaft torque d) The gross torque.
Ans: Given Data:

3Ph, 4 Pole, 50 Hz I.M Full load Slip = 3.5 % Net motor o/p = 18.65 kW I.M
Sf = slip at full load = 0.04 Windage losses = 0.025
Windage & frictional losses (Mech. Losses) = 0.025  18.65 103
= 466.25 watts -------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Gross (Net) Rotor output = Net motor output + mech. losses---------------- (1/2 Marks)
= 18650  466.25
= 19116.25 watts -- -------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

Gross Rotor output

i) Rotor Input = - ------------------------------------------ (1/2 Marks)
(1  S )
19116.25
Rotor Input =  19912.75 Watts
(1  0.04)
Rotor Input = 19912.75 Watts - ------------------------------------------ (1/2 Marks)
ii) Rotor Copper Losses = S  Rotor Input --------- ----------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Rotor Copper Losses = 0.04  19912.75
Rotor Copper Losses = 796.51 Watts --------------------------------------- (1 /2Marks)

120 f 120  50
NS    1500 RPM ----------------- ----------------------- (1/2 Marks)
P 4
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Full Load Speed = Ns (1-S),

Full Load Speed = 1500 (1-0.04)
Full Load Speed = 1440 RPM
1440
N in RPS = N   24 RPS ------ -------------------------- (1 Marks)
60
iii) Gross torque =
Gross output
 Where, N in RPS  -------- (1/2 Marks)
2 N

19912.75

2  3.142  24

Tg  126.75 N  m --------------------- (1 Marks)

iv) The shaft torque or Net torque =

Net output
 Where, N in RPS  ------------------ (1/2 Marks)
2 N

18650

2  3.142  24

Tsh  123.66 N  m ------------------ (1 Marks)

A certain 3-ph, star connected, 100 kVA, 11000 V alternator has rated current of 52.5
A. The a.c. resistance of the winding per phase is 0.45 ohm . The test results are given
below : O.C. Test — Field current = 12.5 A; Voltage between lines = 422 V
b)
S.C. Test — Field current = 12.5 A, line current is equal to 52.5 A.
Determine the full load voltage regulation of the alternator at p.f. 0.8 lagging and 0.8
p.f. leading.
Ans: Given Data:
3-Ph, 100 KVA, 11 KV star connected alternator,
VT Line 11000 KV ( VT/ph= 6350.85)
KVA  10 3
I a line Current  (1/2 Marks)
( 3 )  (VTLine )

(100)  10 3
I a line Current 
( 3 )  (11)  10 3
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I a line Current  5.25 A ---------------------- ---------------------(1/2 Marks)

O.C. Voltage
ZS /Ph  at I F  10A ------------- -------------- (1/2 Marks)
S..C.Current / ph
422 / 3
Z S /Ph 
52.5

Z S /Ph  4.64  ---------------------- -------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

X S /Ph  (Z S / ph) 2  (R a / ph) 2 (1/2 Marks)

X S /Ph  ( 4.64) 2  (0.45) 2

X S /Ph  4.62  ---------------------- ------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

Now,

% Regulation at full load for 0.8 Lagging P.f :

E  ( VT Cos  I a R a ) 2  ( VT Sin   I a X S ) 2 (1Marks)

ph

E  [(6350.85)(0.8)  (5.25) (0.45)]2  [6350.85)(0.6)  (5.25)(4.62)]2

ph

E  6367.32 Volt -- -------------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

ph

E 0 / ph  VT / ph
% Regulation =  100 --------------------------- (1 Marks)
VT / ph

6367 .32  6350 .85

% Regulation =  100
6350 .85

% Regulation = 0.2593 % -------------------------- ------------------ (1/2 Marks)

ii) % Regulation at full load for 0.8 Lagging P.f;

No. load emf E0  (VT Cos  I a R a ) 2  (VT sin   I a X S) 2 --------- (1Mark)

No. load emf E0  (6350.85  0.8  5.25  0.45) 2  (6350.85  0.6  5.25  4.62 2

No. load emf E0  ( 25837321)  (14335689.06)

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No. load emf E0  40173010.12

No. load emf E0  6338.21 Volt ------------------------------------------ (1/2 Mark)

E0  VT 6338.21  6350.85
Re gulation   100   100
VT 6350.85
% Regulation = -1.1988 % ---------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
i) Draw a schematic diagram of an A.C. series motor.
c)
ii) Draw speed torque characteristics of A.C. series motor.
Ans: i) Draw a schematic diagram of an A.C. series motor. (4 Mark)

OR
ii) Draw speed torque characteristics of A.C. series motor.

Speed-torque characteristics of AC series motor: ----------------------------- (4 Mark)

or equivalent characteristics
Q.6 Attempt any Two: 16 Marks
A 6-pole, 50 Hz, 3 0 , induction motor running on full load with 4% slip develops a
torque of 149.3 N-m at its pulley rim. The friction and windage losses are 200 W and
a)
the stator copper and iron losses equal to 1620 W. Calculate
a) Output power b) The rotor copper loss and c) The efficiency at full-load.
Ans: 3Ph, 6 Pole, 50 Hz I.M Full load Slip = 4 % Stator Losses= 1620 watts
Torque at shaft i.e Gross Torque = 149.3 N-m = Tg Mechanical Losses = 200 watt
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120 f 120  50
Where N S    1000 RPM ----------------------------- (1 Marks)
P 6
Full Load Speed = Ns (1-S),
Full Load Speed = 1000 (1-0.4)
Full Load Speed = 960 RPM ------ -------------------- (1/2 Marks)
1) Gross Rotor Output = 2  N Tg
(Where, N in RPS)
960
= 2  3.142   149.3
60
= 15011.22 Watts ------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Net Motor output = Gross Rotor output – mech. Losses ------------ (1/2 Marks)
= 15011.22 - 200
Net Motor output = 14811.22 Watts----------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

Gross Rotor output

2) Rotor Input = ---------------------------------------------- (1 Marks)
(1  S )
15011.22
Rotor Input =  15636.69 Watts -- ------------------------------ (1/2 Marks)
(1  0.04)
Rotor Copper Losses = S  Rotor Input -------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
Rotor Copper Losses = 0.04  15636.69
Rotor Copper Losses = 625. 47 Watts --------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
3) Net Motor Input = Rotor Input  Stator Losses
Net Motor Input = 15636.69  1620 Watts
Net Motor Input = 17256 .69 Watts -------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

Net Motor output

%   100 -------------------------------- (1 Marks)
Net Motor Input

14811.22
%   100
17256.69
%   85.82 % ----------------------------------------------- (1 Marks)
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Subject Code: 17511 Model Answer Page 24 of 26

Describe the factors affecting the regulation of three phase alternator and draw the
b) phasor diagrams of loaded alternator when operating power factor is lagging and
leading.
Ans: Factors affecting the regulation:- ( Any Two point expected : 2 Marks)
1. It depends on armature resistance(Ra)

2. It depends on leakage reactance (XL)

3. Magnitude of load current

4. Magnitude of Power factor of load

5. Type of load Power factor (Lagging, leading, Unity)

6. Effect of armature reaction (Xa)

i) Lagging Phasor diagrams of loaded alternator: ( 3 Marks)

OR
or equivalent figure

ii) Leading Phasor diagrams of loaded alternator: ( 3 Marks)

OR

or equivalent figure
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A certain 3-ph alternator is rated at 5 kVA, 110 V, 26.3 A, 50 Hz and 1200 rpm. The
stator resistance between terminals as measured with d.c. is 0.2 ohm . With no load and
rated speed, the stator line voltage is 160V for a field current of 4A. At rated speed, the
c) short circuit stator current per terminal is 60A for a field current of 4A.
Calculate: i) Synchronous impedance per phase ii) The voltage regulation of alternator
at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
The alternator is star connected.
Ans: Given Data:
3-Ph, 5 KVA, 110 KV star connected alternator, Ra = 0.2 ohm (d.c) 26.3 A
50 Hz and 1200 rpm
O.C. Voltage = 160 V ( Line) S.C Current = 60A for IF = 4 A
1. VO.C line Volatge 160 V
160
VOC Phase voltage 
( 3)

VOC Phase voltage  92.38 V -------------------------------------------(1/2 Marks)

2) The Synchronous impedance per Phase:

O.C. Voltage
Z S /Ph  for the same I F ------------------------- (1/2 Marks)
S ..C . Current / ph

92.38
Z S /Ph 
60
Z S /Ph 1.54  ------ ------------------------------------------ (1 Marks)

3) Armature resistance per Phase :

Given : = Ra 0.2 ohm between the ter min als ( d .c value)
0.2
 Ra ph   0.1 ohm ( d .c value )
2

 Considering the skin effect , the a.c. value of Ra ph is given by  1.5  0.1  0.15 ohm

4) Synchronous Reactance per phase:

X S /Ph  (Z S / ph) 2  ( Ra / ph) 2 (1/2 Marks)

X S /Ph  (1.54) 2  ( 0.15) 2

X S /Ph 1.5327  - ---------------------------------------------- (1 Marks)

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V line Volatge  110 V (1/2 Marks)

110
V line Volatge 
( 3)

V line Volatge  63.51 -------------------------------------------(1/2 Marks)

 Cos  0.8 lag Sin  0.6 and Ia  26.3 A      Assu min g full load condition

Now,

% Regulation at full load for 0.8 Lagging P.f :

E0  (V Cos  I a Ra ) 2  (V Sin  I a X S ) 2 (1Marks)

E0  [(6.51)(0.8)  ( 26.3) ( 0.15)] 2  [63.5)(0.6)  ( 26.3)(1.5327)] 2

E 0  [( 2997.89)  (6148.13)

E0  95.63 Volt -- ---------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Marks)

E0  V
% Regulation =  100 --------------------------- (1 Marks)
V

95 .63  63.51
% Regulation =  100
63.51

% Regulation = 50.57 % -------------------------------------------- (1 Marks)

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