ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my

advisor Dr. Joy Karmakar for the continuous support motivation, enthusiasm, and immense
knowledge to completing my project on “Assessment of e-rickshaw: A case study in uluberia
municipality”. His guidance helped me in all time of research and writing of this thesis. I also
like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to Director and Prof. Kausik Gupt, of Centre for
Urban Economic Studies, University of Calcutta, who provided me all the facilities for
completing my work. Besides my advisors, I would like to thank my friends and family
members who helped me throughout to complete my project.

Thanking you,

Sudipta Mondal.

1
CONTENT:

▪ INTRODUCTION

▪ E-RICKSHAW ACT AND GUIDE LINES IN WEST BENGAL

▪ E-RICKSHAW COMPONENTS

▪ OBJECTIVES

▪ STUDY AREA

▪ METHODOLOGY

▪ RESULT AND DISCURSSION

• DRIVER’S PROFILE: (CASE STUDY IN

ULUBERIA)

• PASSENGER SURVEY

▪ PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS

▪ CONCLUSION

▪ REFERENCES

▪ APPENDIX

2
INTRODUCTION: The transport mix is one of the importance characteristic of

Indian city under the given size structure and socio economic characteristic. “Para – transit”
literally means “alongside of” transit. it is an alternative mode of public transportation that does
not necessarily follows fixed route of schedule. The term indicates those forms of intra urban
passenger transportation which are available to the public and distinct from conventional transit.
(Schedule bus and rail) and can operate over the highway and transit system. (Kirby,1974). The
uniqueness of road network demographic, physical and societal requirement determine the
selection of a particular transport system based on various research studies the national
transport community in 1980 identified there different sets of urban transport systems prevailing
in India cities. (Govt. Of India, 1980)

• A system with strong emphasis on mass public transportation with some Para transit
alternatives.

• A system with strong emphasis on PTS, usually with one dominant type, and little by
way of mass public transportation.

• A system that is composed of a broad mix of mass public transport and PTS, with no one
being dominant.

All most Asian cities is characterized with the definite Para- transit vehicle like TUKTUK in
Thailand ingots in indronatia cycle rickshaw in Dhaka auto rickshaw in Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkata etc. The e-rickshaw appears in first decade of 20th century in India and spreads all
over the country. Now it is one of the more popular Para transit modes of transport in urban
and rural areas of west Bengal.

3
 It is evident from the above figures that both passenger vehicles and three wheelers
growth have reduced from 2006-2010 to 2011-2015, while on the other hand growth of two
wheelers has slightly increased in the same period.

E-RICKSHAW ACT AND GUIDE LINES IN

WEST BENGAL: Initially the e-rickshaws were not regulated by any central
law in India. I 2014, Delhi high court banned running of e-rickshaw in Delhi, over safety
concerns raised through a public litigation. Tripura was pr obably the first state in India,
which provides registration and license to this new but popular mode of public transport.
The motor vehicles (Amendment) ordinance, 2015 legalize battery operated e-rickshaw in
west Bengal.

As per ordinance following are the major guidelines of e-rickshaw to be followed in west
Bengal.

1. Operation of e-rickshaw may not be allowed in the Kolkata municipal corporation area.

2. Town having more than 5lakh population, e-rickshaw should be allowed only in lanes
and by lanes connecting the main roads as supplementary transport mode. Maximum
number of vehicles to be fixed in terms of M.V act 1988.

3. In case of rural areas or other smaller towns, operation of e-rickshaw should not be
allowed on national and state high ways and other major roads which are covered by bus
services.

4
4. Route of e-rickshaw should finalized by the RTAS of the districts in consultation with
district police superintendents.

5. RTAs should issue permits to e-rickshaw only after finalization of routs of areas of
operation.

6. No e-rickshaw should be allowed to be used in any public place without registration.

E-RICKSHAW COMPONENTS: Electric e-rickshaw is three

wheel battery operated vehicles which are considered as an upgrade to conventional
rickshaw , and economically better than auto rickshaw and other fuel variants, this rickshaw
since are battery power have zero commission, and is often argued to be much better than
other rickshaw. As they consider all most pollution free. Rickshaw has become one of the
preferred modes of transport between short distances, and is operating in major urban and
sub-urban areas and township.

E-rickshaw specifications:

Motor type- DC Series excitation brushless

Power (watt)- 850W

Charge voltage- 220v (50 Hz)

Charging time- 6-10 hours

Transmission mode- Gear

Top speed- 25km/h

Continued trip mileage- 80-90km

Climb ability- <20 degree

Front wheel size- 300-12 mm

Brake type- Double rear drum brake

Ground clearance - 250mm

5
 Dimension- 2850*1050*1800mm

Net weight- 190kg

Max load capacity- <400kg Courtesy: Zeniak innovation India Ltd.

E-Rickshaw in India: one built over tubular chassis. The chassis is the main part which
ensures drive quality and safety of the vehicle, is made of mild steel. The low weight of a
body is desirable which can be done by good design ensuring quality cheek using a material
such as F.R.P, aluminium, composite materials and low density metals. The braking system
is mechanical drum brakes. The batteries in e-rickshaw are lead acid, they provide low cost
alternative, they range from 80A to 120A, and now a days a larger battery with more
capacity is used.

Every aspect of an electric vehicle, if engineered, designed and manufactured with quality
will in-fraved battery. Life vehicle life and contribute to a higher profit over time.

OBJECTIVES: In 2015, Calcutta high court criticised the State government for its

failure to take action against the battery run rickshaws----totos in popular parlance. The Calcutta
High court further noted in its order that “The police have to take proper action against the e-
rickshaws plying in Howrah and other districts of the state without proper licences....
Municipalities, panchayats and other departments are not the proper authorities to issue licences
to the toots,"

Moreover, it was mentioned that "There are specific rules for plying vehicles. The Regional
Transports Authority (RTA), district transport authorities and the motor vehicles department
have the right to issue licences to vehicles. Why isn't the government taking proper action
against the totos plying illegally?1"

According to a state transport department source, not a single toto had obtained a permit from
the motor vehicles department, or the regional or district transport authority. "The motor

1
Seize illegal totos, High court tells State, Retrieved from https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-
bengal/seize-illegal-totos-high-court-tells-state/cid/1496523

6
vehicles act would have to be amended before issuing licenses to the totos. The department can
only issue licenses to the motor-run vehicles. But totos are battery-run vehicles".

With this back ground of e-rickshaw in india this dissertation paper have try to address the
flowing questions on focusing on uluberia municipality area:

• To assess the importance of e-rickshaw services in the urban transport scenario of

uluberia.

• To identify the problems and future prospects associated with the initiation of e-
rickshaw service.

STUDY AREA: Howrah is also known as Kolkata’s twin city. It is quite a populous
city and is second largest in the state. The city serves as a major road and rail transport for the
people of Kolkata metropolitan region. The most famous thing about Howrah is the Howrah
Bridge. The bridge is the world’s busiest bridge that connects to the Howrah station, which is
again one of the country’s largest railway stations.

Howrah is located at 22.59 degree N 88.31 degree E. Howrah lies to the south east of the state
of west Bengal and is one of the important districts. To the north is Hugli district, to the east is
North 24 pagans. Paschal medinipur is to the west of Howrah and to the south is 24 pagans. The
district is also covered by the Hooghly River to the east and river Rupnarayan on the west.
River Bhagirathi- Hooghly River flows on the east and the south east of the district.

Uluberia is a town and municipality of Howrah district of West Bengal, India. It is under the
Uluberia police station in Uluberia sub-division. It locates on 22 degree 28’ 27.97”N and 88
degree 6’ 0.14”E and its situated at the bank of Hooghly River. The Uluberia municipality area
is shrouded by Amta is north, Shyampur is south, and Bagnan is west and middle and east is
totally covered by Hooghly River with the curve shape.

7
 Location Map of Uluberia Municipal Area

METHODOLOGY: Both primary and secondary data has been used to prepare
this report. Besides relevant books and journals has also been consulted. Primary data has been
acquired through direct interaction with the e-rickshaw drivers, passengers and pedestrian.
Questionnaires are designed for this purpose. Random sampling method has been followed in
this regard. On the contrary, secondary data is collected from municipal office and regional
transport office (RTO) OF Howrah and uluberia.

There are 9 Toto stand is present in Uluberia municipality area and out of which five stand was
chosen for the purpose of the study. Following table shows the details of the E-rickshaw stand
found in Uluberia

8
Table 1: Name of Toto Stands in Uluberia Municipality

NO. OF TOTO FOUND DISTANCE (K.M) FROM ULUBERIA

TOTO STAND IN EACH STAND RAIL STATION
ULUBERIA STATION 100 1.5K.M
KALIBARI 50 1K.M
KHAYAGHAT 50 1.5K.M
GANGARA PORE 50 1.5K.M
BHAKTER MORE 40 1K.M
NIMDIGHI 50 1K.M
BANIBON BAZAR 70 2K.M
FULESWAR STATION 60 2K.M
CHENGEL STATION 50 1-2K.M
Source: Primary survey: August, 2019

The above map is showing the distribution of Toto stand in the uluberia municipal area. It was
prepared on the basis of primary survey. For the purpose of the study total 25drivers were

9
interviewed with semi structured questionnaire. Likewise 40 random passengers were also
interviewed to assess the importance of Toto and its problem and prospects.

RESULT AND DISCURSSION:

Role of e-rickshaw in urban and rural area: In passenger transportation the e-
rickshaw has been mostly utilized form that operates for both medium and short distance
commute. Taking in to account the driver pattern and technical characteristics e-rickshaw have
been a good option for vehicle electrification. The e-rickshaw became a most importance pillar
of urban transport of Uluberia municipality area. Now it is the fastest growing transit system in
the town. The battery operated tricycle plays of vital road in mass and good transport from one
part to another part of the town.

Flowing are some of the advantages of e-rickshaw:

Some of the advantages reported by the passengers and drivers are as follows.

1. E-rickshaw is non-polluting, noiseless and environmental friendly mode of transport. It

provides smooth comfortable and hassle free journey. It is simple and very easy to ride.

2. It provides demand responsive service to the passenger. As they don’t have any fixed route,
they move along the routes determined by the passenger. Even they bear door to door service in
some cases. E-rickshaw can easily viable to those areas where any conventional mass transport
system can’t access/ingress. It fills up the supply deficit of public transport.

3. It offers alternative job opportunity to the local poor youth population. A person can earn
easily 500-800/- rupees (approx.) per day.

DRIVER’S PROFILE: (CASE STUDY IN ULUBERIA)

In uluberia municipal area approx. 550 e-rickshaws are reported for Para
transit mode of transport, and total nine e-rickshaw stands has present mainly besides the rail
station and along road side. Primary survey has been conducted to assess the situation there as
noted in the methodology..

It is being reported by the drivers that no route permits are required as of now. It is worthwhile
to mention here that the e-rickshaw drivers have their own unions, which taken care of the

10
benefits of fellow drivers. The unions are mainly affiliated to different political parties. The
route sharing is organised by mutual understanding among driver and on the intervention of the
unions. Age composition of drivers of e-rickshaw shows that most of the drivers’ age falls
between20-40.

AGE OF DRIVER
16
14
12
10
8 LEGEND
6
BELOW 20
A 4
20-40
G 2
E AVOBE40
0
BELOW 20 20-40 AVOBE40

Fig-1, Source: primary survey, 2019

Most of them are the only earning members of their family. Educational qualification status is
shown below the fig.

QUALIFICATION FOR E-RICKSGAW DRIVERS

14

12

10
QUALIFICATION LEVEL

LEGEND
8

6 BELOW CLASS 8

4 CLASS 8-
MADHYAMIK
2 MADHYAMIK-
HIGHER SECONDARY
0
BELOW CLASS CLASS 8- MADHYAMIK-
8 MADHYAMIK HIGHER
SECONDARY

Fig-2, Source: primary survey, 2019

11
Most of the drivers’ qualification has under secondary level.

OWNERSHIP OF E-RICKSHAW
OWN RENTED

32%

68%

Fig-3, Source: primary survey, 2019

In the primary survey, it was found that 68% of the drivers in uluberia, having their own e-
rickshaw have taking loan from unorganized sector, and rest of other used their own or family
savings to purchase the vehicle through cash payment.

PURCHASING E-RICKSHAW
CASH LOAN

41%

59%

Fig-4, Source: primary survey,2019

12
PASSENGER SURVEY: The general perception of the people is that-rickshaw have
smoothened their lives as a faster and cheaper mode of transportation. Women in particular feel
e-rickshaw to be quite safe for their daily travel because of the openness. In the primary survey
80%women feel secure in E-Rickshaw as they are and can ask for help or can be spotted quickly
in case if any unforeseen incidents. And most of them feel that E-Rickshaw is a comfortable
option for travelling. The aged and the differently abled like it for the reason that they it easier
to board and due to its low floor height .majority of the people is like the E-Rickshaw because
of their easy availability. Most of the passenger age is between 20 to 60.

NO.OF PASSENGERS RIDING E-RICKSHAW

18
16
14
NO.OF PASSENGERS

12
10
8
6
4 MALE
2
FEMALE
0
MALE FEMALE

Fig-5, Source: primary survey,2019

13
 AGE OF PASSENGES

P 15
A
S
10
S 0-20
E 20-40
N 5 40-60
G 60-80
E 0
R 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80

Fig-6, Source: primary survey, 2019

In the survey area E-Rickshaw provided relief to the residents from the crowded minidors and
buses .For local transport Auto-Rickshaw were used which has definite route system and
availability of auto-Rickshaw is not so satisfactory ,but E-Rickshaw are more comfortable ,safer
and faster than Auto-Rickshaw .Hence ,E-Rickshaw soon gained popularity.

USING VEHICLE BY PASSENGERS

10
9
8
7
6
P
A 5
S
S 4
E 3
N LEGEND
G 2
AUTO TOTO
E 1
R CYCLE BIKE
S 0
AUTO TOTO CYCLE BIKE

Fig-7, Source: primary survey,2019

14
In the primary survey, it was found that prior to the introduction of the E-Rickshaw in the study
area, they has last mile connectivity issues.

Cycle Rickshaw and Auto-Rickshaw were present but had the limitation of range and were
economically unviable option .Buses and rail were used to drop passengers along their routes
and from there onwards the passengers had to wait for a long time for further connectivity .This
was the gap where the E-Rickshaw were introduced as the solution and soon gained popularity.

The main reason for E-rickshaw is not financial. In fact the city services buses are the cheapest
option of travel .In the primary survey it was found that 80% of the respondents prefer E-
Rickshaw for its availability while 20% like E-Rickshaw for the comfort factor.

PREFERENCES OF PASSENGERS

12
P
A 10
S
S 8 LEGEND
E AUTO
6
N
G TOTO
4
E BUS
R 2
TAXI
S
0
AUTO TOTO BUS TAXI

Fig-8, Source: primary survey,2019

The perception of their environment friendly nature is also proving to be positive for this E-
Rickshaw .All the respondents in the primary survey feel that E-Rickshaw is environment
friendly. It is beyond doubt that E-Rickshaw does not contribute the direct emission in the city,
but overall environment friendliness needs detailed analysis after taking into account of the
indirect emission factor.

E-Rickshaw benefited urban mobility, but it is blamed for the worsening

traffic condition of the city: Around 68% of the respondents feel that e-rickshaw has
worsened the traffic conditions and should be regulated and penalised in case of traffic rule

15
violations. They are being blamed for congesting the roads by irrational halts for passenger pick
up and drop off.

A few minidor drivers revealed that they are unsatisfied with the way e- rickshaws are been
operated in the roads and complained that e-rickshaws often tend to block their way while
picking up passengers. This type of behaviour from the e-rickshaw leads to frequent
altercations.

PASSENGER PERCEPTION WORSENING

TRAFFIC CONDITION
REACTED PEOPLE NO- REACTED PEOPLE

32%

68%

Fig-9, Source: primary survey, 2019

E-rickshaws are making the roads dangerous due to rash and irrational
driving: One of the major complaints against the drivers is that they take sharp turns whenever
and wherever they feel like it. Many people have blamed the e-rickshaws for the increase in
road accident and complain about the irrational and irresponsible behaviour of the drivers. They
also complained that the drivers, more often, ask them to alight the vehicle in the middle of
traffic in case of any traffic jam.

It was found that e-rickshaws do not turn on the headlight even while operating on the darkest
stretches of the highways. With this behaviour, they are not only risking their own lives, but
also putting the passengers and other users’ lives in jeopardy.

Passenger over loading: As per the provisional laid in the CMVR, 1988, e-rickshaw was
allowed to carry only 2 passengers with a motor up to 450w and a maximum speed of 20kmph.

16
This proved to be economically un feasible and as a result a gross violation of the rules was
reported all throughout the country. But after the enacting of CMVR (Amendment) 2015, now
the maximum seating capacity has been increased to 4+1 and a motor power of 4000w. Thrush
in many e-rickshaw with seating capacity of 4, 6 and 8 passengers are available, they are still
not legal as per the new amendment of CMVR, 2015.

Socio economic impact on e-rickshaw in Uluberia:

E-rickshaw has a positive impact the socio economic conditions of the people leading to better
economic opportunity and dignified life

In several research papers, it has been highlighted that e-rickshaws are providing better
economic opportunities. Many of the previously unemployed youth are now getting a good
source of income. Many cycle rickshaw drivers are also switching to e-rickshaws as it provides
them a better socio status, more revenue and less strenuous work. Through the primary survey
itemerged that almost no formalities (permits) required yet in ulubrria, it had become popular
among the unemployed youth.

E-rickshaws are perceived to improve social status, and do not violate human
dignity like cycle rickshaw

Earlier most of the less educated youth or youth with a decent back ground used to shy away
from cycle rickshaw pulling with concern about their social status being a main reason. Cycle
rickshaws are perceived to be “violating human dignity”. Now with the induction of e-
rickshaws, those same youths are getting engaged with this profession. Many people are also
switching from other occupations in the quest of better economic opportunity and financial
independence. It has been observed that people who earlier used to pull cycle rickshaws vans
are trying to socially and economically “upgrade “themselves. Seasonal or casual labours are
also switching to e-rickshaws for year around employment. People earlier engaged in low
paying jobs like helpers in small shops etc. are also switching to this for better economic
opportunity and independence.

An e-rickshaw driver mostly earns between 500 to 800 per day: 60% of the
driver reported that they are having a daily income of around 500-800 while 40% drivers
reported they are having a monthly income of less than Rs.500. And the monthly income likes
Rs.10000 per month.

17
 DAILY INCIME AMONG E-RICKSHAW
DRIVERS
200-500 500-800

40%

60%

Fig-10, Source: primary survey,2019

Operator’s perfection of satisfaction:

E-Rickshaw needs to operate in few arterial routes to remain profitable.

In the primary survey, it has been found that the e-rickshaw drivers are satisfied overall with the
economic opportunities while driving e-rickshaws. They are satisfied for the reason that they are
now having a better quality of living than during their earlier profession. But almost all the
drivers raised concerns regarding the shrinking economic opportunities and financial viability
duo to increasing competition with fresh influx of e-rickshaws and other IPTs like minidors.

Economic opportunity is the main pull factor for the drivers in this business.

When asked about their reason of satisfaction, 10% of the respondents shared the view that
driving e-rickshaw is less laborious than their earlier occupations. 21% of the respondents think
that their “social status” has been “upgraded.” 46% agree to the fact that they are now having
better economic opportunities and can make their families happier and fulfil their basic needs.
While the rest 16% admitted that they like the fact that they are earning independently and need
not work under anyone. The rest 7% respondents could not provide any specific reason for their
satisfaction. They were under the impression that all the reasons mentioned here hold true in
their case.

18
 AVERAGE PERCEPTION OF
SATISFACTION OF THE E-RICKSHAW
DRIVERS

7% 10%
LESS LABOURIOUS
16%
STATUS UP LIFTMENT
21%
BETTER INCOME
OPPORTUNITY
INDEPENDENT INCOME

46% OTHER

Fig-11, Source: primary survey,2019

PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS:

Some common problems mentioned by the passengers and drivers are as follows

No formal training for the drivers is risking the lives of many people: As no
registration process for the e-rickshaw has begun is uluberia, the operations are predominantly
informal. The drivers don’t have any formal training or any training certificates. Most of the
drivers are illiterate or have basic education. So many a times they don’t even understand the
basic road instructions and signage installed at the roads. Often they don’t care for such
instructions duo to lack of capacity to assess scale of probable danger.

No formal place for passenger picks up and drops off cause traffic jams:
There are no legal stands or stop for the e-rickshaws and they operate randomly and informally.
This not only slows down the traffic flow, but also proses a major threat to the e-rickshaw driver
and the passenger. Duo to lack of awareness and also competition among them and also among
other IPTs operating in uluberia for passenger pickups, they are risking their lives. They also
expressed their concern about the lack of parking facilities in the city. Their main demand is to
regularize e-rickshaws so that they can operate fearlessly.

19
No legal status, no financial assistance putting extra burden on the poor
drivers: As the e-rickshaw are yet to get the legal status, they are deprived of the financial
benefits from any of the missions and schemes launched by both central and state Governments.
There is no insurance cover either for the operator or the vehicle. Hence any damage to the
vehicle and the operator proves to be burdensome.

Harassment by police is a major hurdle for the e-rickshaw drivers: During the
primary survey, many of the drivers alleged that are being harassed unnecessarily by the police.
They also requested to be allowed to operate on the main arterial roads because of the otherwise
limited road network.

E-rickshaw drivers are willing to pay for the registration charges so that can
operate without hurdles: When asked about their willingness to regularise their vehicles,
they responded by saying that the government should provide them with registration numbers so
that if any e-rickshaw violates the traffic norms, he can be penalised.

Provision of financial assistance at subsidised rates for the needy will help in
preventing cartelization: Financial assistance to the interested drivers should be provided
at a subsidized rate so that they can own their own vehicles. But there must be proper screening
criteria for selection so that the benefits are not misused and it only helps the targeted
beneficiaries.

Financial assistance to the needy will help in tacking debt trap: The unorganized
sector is lending money to these poor drivers at very high rate of interest. Though unreported
yet, there is high probability that the poor drivers may fall prey to the never-ending debt trap in
case they fail to repay even one EMI. This debt trap though yet to be reported in this sector, is
one of the major reasons for the farmers committing suicide all over india.

CONCLUSION: Absence of a legal framework for e-rickshaw operation in

uluberia is a major threat to its effective utilization. The travel demand in uluberia is increasing
drastically and the current road infrastructure is not enough to support the growing demand. It

20
will not only choke the city with increasing number of personal vehicles, but also contribute to
the population.

The e-rickshaw not only needed to be protected. It is providing economic opportunities to

thousands of unemployed youth and helps in supporting their families as the government
otherwise is unable to provide alternate employment opportunities. E-rickshaw should not be
treated as a traffic nuisance, rather they should be effectively managed to provide the much-
needed last mile connectivity in the city which the government has failed to provide. Proper
initiatives should be taken to increase the profitability of the e-rickshaw operations in the city.
After the assessment of the operations of e-rickshaw in uluberia it can be concluded that

• In spite of popular perception, e-rickshaw are not illegal, they are just
unregulated and proper measures must be taken to regulate them..

• E-rickshaw is providing the last mile connectivity.

• In absence of registration, enforcement of traffic rules is difficult.

• E-Rickshaws in uluberia are not following the basic operational guidelinces.

• E-rickshaws are proving direct and indirect employment to thousand of

people.

• Route planning should be done to increase the profitability of the drivers.

• In absence of registration, drivers as well as users can’t avail insurance

benefits.

21
1. Source: Primary survey, 2019

22
REFERANCE:
Lave, R.E. and Mathias, R.G. (2009) Para transit Systems; Transportation Engineering and
Planning, Vol- I
Ministry of Law and Justice (2015); The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Ordinance, 2015, No. 2,
Government of India, New Delhi (07/01/2015)

Ministry of Urban Transport (2008); Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies
in Urban Areas in India, Govt. of India, New Delhi

Prabhu, A.D.B., Madhu, S., Ramamurthy, L. and Dhanuraj, D.(2011); Study on Paratransit
Sector in Chennai ; Civitas Urban Solutions for City Connect Foundation Chennai (CCCF),
Chennai, India

Rajvanshi, A.K.,(2002); Electric and improved cycle rickshaw as a sustainable transport system
for India; Current Science, Vol-3, No. 6.

Report: A Study on Para-Transit System in Indore City (2011): TARU Leading Edge,
Gandhinagar, India

23
 APPENDIX 1

Questionnaire A:

UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

CENTER FOR URBAN ECONOMIC STUDIES URBAN MANAGEMENT AND

PLANNING

DRIVER SURVEY FOR E – RICKSHAW

1. Name of Toto stand—

2. Name of Toto driver---

3. Age---

4. Sex---

5. Qualification---

6. No. of family member---

7. How much does your family member earn---

8. Are you driving the Toto on your own or renting it--- yes/no.

9. How did you buy the Toto --- cash/ instalment

10. Learning to drive a Toto is no training at all---yes/no.

11. Did you get any training--- yes/no.

12. How much is your 12.How income by continuing Toto---200—500/500—800/800—1200

13. Is this income enough to ease happiness in the family--- yes/no.

14. How long have you been driving the Toto---

24
15. How to rent a Toto owner --- daily/ monthly.

16. How much does the Toto owner have to pay—below300/300—500/500—700.

17. How is your relationship with the Toto owner--- good/bad.

18. How much is your net profit---

19. How long does Toto service---0—1/1—2 year.

20. Battery recycling time--- below5/5—10 days.

21. Battery replacement cost---

22. Battery charging time---

23. Battery charging cost---

24. How far can Toto go once the battery is charged---0—30/30—60/60—90k.m?

25. How long have you been involved with this job ---0—1/1—2/2—3 year.

26. How often do you up down every day—

27. What is the minimum fare---

28. How many passengers do you take---

29. Do travelers misbehave--- yes/no.

30. What did you do before running Toto---

Questionnaire B:

25
 UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

CENTER FOR URBAN ECONOMIC STUDIES URBAN MANAGEMENT AND

PLANNING

PASSENGER SURVEY FOR E – RICKSHAW

1. Name—

2. Age---

3. Sex-

4. Qualification---

5. What use to go the short distance--- auto/ Toto / cycle/ bike

6. Is there a rental problem in Toto--- yes / no.

7. What’s the problem --- rent more/ don’t want to go all the time.

8. How far is Toto willing to go--- 0—1/1—2/2—3/3—4k.m?

9. Do you want to go the distance---yes/no

10. Do you have to stand in line to get Toto--- yes/no

11. How long do you have to stand in line---0—5/ 5—10/10—15 minute

12. Is any rough driving happen in Toto--- yes/ no.

13. You have encountered such a problem ---yes/no.
14. Is there an accident in Toto--- yes/no.

15. Dose Toto cause problems on the way back--- yes/no.

16. Toto is more than what is needed--- yes/ no.

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17. How much you use Toto--- more/ medium / few.
18. What’s the benefit after Toto arrives---yes/no.
19. If Toto will stop it will be an advantage or disadvantage.

20. Which vehicle you will prefer to go to the same place with same fare--- auto/ Toto/
rickshaw.

21. Is the Toto driver misbehaver--- yes/ no.

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 ASSESSMENT OF E-RICKSHAW: A
CASE STUDY IN ULUBERIA
MUNICIPALITY

SUDIPTA MONDAL

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF POST-GRADUATE DIPLOMA
COURSE ON URBAN MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2018-2019

CENTRE FOR URBAN ECONOMIC STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

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