Module 6 - Transistors. Filter Networks and OpAmps PDF
Module 6 - Transistors. Filter Networks and OpAmps PDF
Transistors,
Filter Networks
And
Operational Amplifiers
Learning Objectives
material. B
❖ The abbreviation BJT, from bipolar junction
transistor, is often applied to this three terminal
E
device. N P N
C
B
Transistor Biasing
operating condition. B
VEE VCC
E C
B
PNP Transistor as 2 diodes
The Transistor as Two Diodes
VEE VCC
NPN Transistor
E C
B
NPN Transistor as 2 diodes
Transistor Applications
Filter
Input output
Filter
Common Types of Filters
1. High-pass filter
o A filter that allows high-frequency signals to pass through it with little
loss of power or attenuation.
o A filter that suppresses low-frequency signals.
2. Low-pass filter
o A filter that allows low-frequency signals to pass through it with little
loss of power or attenuation.
3. Band-pass filter
o A filter that allows a range of frequencies to pass through it with little
loss of power or attenuation.
4. Band-stop filter
o A filter that suppresses a range of frequencies to pass through it.
Optical Amplifier
❑ Is a very high gain amplifier having a very high input impedance (typically
a few mega-ohms) and low output impedance (less than 100 Ω).
❑ Provide voltage changes (amplitude and polarity)
❑ Accumulate a very high gain by multiple stages
V+
2
7
6
4
3
V-
Optical Amplifier
Basic Op-Amp
Connection
Practical Optical Amplifier Circuits
Example: If the circuit above has R1 = 100 kΩ and Rf = 500 kΩ, what output
voltage results for an input of V1 = 2 V?
Practical Optical Amplifier Circuits
Example. Calculate the output voltage of an op-amp summing amplifier for the
following sets of voltages and resistors. Use Rf = 1 MΩ in all cases.
Practical Optical Amplifier Circuits
Solution:
Practical Optical Amplifier Circuits
❑Multiple-stage Gain
V1
Vo
1 2 3
Rf Rf Rf
R1 R2 R3
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓
𝐴 = 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 = 1 + 1+ 1+
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
Practical Optical Amplifier Circuits
❑Multiple-stage Gain
EXAMPLE. Calculate the output voltage of the preceeding circuit for resistor
components of value Rf = 470 k, R1= 4.3 k, R2= 33 k, and R3 = 33 k for an input of
80 uV.
Rf R f R f
A = A1 A2 A3 = 1 + − −
R1 R2 R3