Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a

Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By

Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and
Limit State Design Method
(M.TECH PRESENTATION 0)
Presented By: Under Guidance of:
Mr Praveen Rajbhandari Dr. Prasanjit Saha
2019000041 Assistant Professor

M.Tech in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering) Department of Civil Engineering

 OBJECTIVES
2  To evaluate Response Reduction Factor For IS code or Limit State
Design (LSD) and Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD).
 To determine the failure pattern in PBSD.
 To study the in-plane forces developed due to irregular T-shaped
floor plan of the building.
 To study the global and component responses of reinforced concrete
dual system building against the acceptance criteria for multiple
seismic events explicitly rather than application of modification
factors under single code specified seismic demand level.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
3 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Short comes of Traditional IS codes
3. Motivation for PBSD
4. Literature Review
5. Methodology
6. Work plan and Timeline

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 INTRODUCTION
4  Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) provides a new pattern for structural
design, and it is able to design a structure with an acceptable performance expected
by the owner, stakeholders and society.
 Gibson stated that “first and foremost, the performance approach is [...] the practice
of thinking and working in terms of ends rather than means. [ …] It is concerned
with what a building or building product is required to do, and not with prescribing
how it is to be constructed”
 Whereas traditional code procedures like IS code attempt to satisfy implicitly all
objectives by designing to prescriptive rules for a single (design) level of seismic
hazard, Performance based design of high rise buildings investigates at least two
performance objectives explicitly.
1) Service-level Assessment
– Negligible damage in once-in-a-lifetime earthquake having a return period of about 50
years(30 years to 72 years depending on the jurisdiction and building importance)
2) Collapse-level Assessment
– Collapse prevention under the largest earthquake with a return period of 2500 years

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 Short comes of Traditional IS codes
5  Traditional codes govern design of general, normal buildings.
 Over 95% buildings are covered, which are less than about 50 m
 Not specifically developed for tall buildings > 50 m tall
 Prescriptive in nature, no explicit check on outcome
 Permit a limited number of structural systems
 Do not include framing systems appropriate for high rise
 Based on elastic methods of analysis
 Enforce uniform detailing rules on all members
 Enforce unreasonable demand distribution rules
 Do not take advantage of recent computing tools

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 Motivation for PBSD
6  Lack of explicit performance in design codes is primary
motivation for performance based design.
 Performance based methods require the designer to assess how
a building is likely perform under earthquake shaking and other
extreme events and their correct application will help to identify
unsafe designs.
 At the same time this approach enables arbitrary restrictions to
be lifted and provides scope for the development of safer and
more cost-effective structural solutions.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 LITERATURE REVIEW
7
S.N Author/s Paper Name Journal, Year Results
1 •Recorded inter-story drift values in cases which the performance was controlled by the local criteria
are generally 50–100% greater than the conventional allowable values.
•Probability of exceeding local limits at a lateral inter-story drift
equal to the acceptable values of the regulations is mostly
less than 10%. Therefore, current global thresholds will generally control the performance of RC
R. Allahvirdizadeh, Probabilistic comparative
moment resisting frames. It may lead to designs with same deficiencies as force-based approaches.
M. investigation on introduced
Elsevier Journals, 2017 •It was observed that in nearly all cases the allowable maximum
Khanmohammadi performance-based seismic design
inter-story drift is smaller than the experienced inter-story drift
and M.S. Marefat and assessment criteria
values when the local criteria controls the performance. This
statement is true even for lower or higher exceeding percentages
and all performance levels. Then, it can be concluded that
the conventional inter-story drift limits always control the performance of moment-resisting RC
frames.
2 • Diaphragms with usual levels of web and chord reinforcement tend to develop a single crack at
Alfredo Gonzaleza,
Performance-based seismic design Elsevier Journals, 2017 the critical region.
Enrico Spaconeb
framework for RC floor diaphragms • Highly reinforced diaphragms, in contrast, can have much longer plastic hinge lengths, and will
and Roberto
in dual systems develop multiple smeared cracks as the plasticity is spread over a larger ‘fan’ area, much like a
Nascimbenec
wall.
3 •Based on Performance Limit 1 (ATC-40 limits on interstorey drift ratio and member rotation
capacity), the Indian standard overestimates the R factor, which leads to the potentially dangerous
Apurba Mondal, Performance-based evaluation of underestimation of the design base shear.
Siddhartha Ghosh the response reduction factor Elsevier Journals, 2013 •The strong-column-weak-beam criterion in design doesn’t make any major difference in terms of R.
and G.R. Reddy b for ductile RC frames •The IS 1893 and the ASCE7 lateral load distributions give Ralmost in the same range. However, a
load distribution based on the fundamental mode shape estimates R in a range of higher values.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 Contd..
S.N Author/s Paper Name Journal, Year Results
8 4 •Unlike the conventional code-based approach that considers a single behavior
factor q value for all modes, the proposed approach with modal behavior
Edmond V. Muho, Modal behavior factors for the performance- factors qk offers a more rational alternative and leads to more accurate results
Jiang Qian and based seismic design of R/C Elsevier Journals, 2017 than code based methods without the need of final deformation checks in an
Dimitri E. Beskos wall-frame dual systems and in filled-MRFs iterative way
•A new performance-based seismic design method for plane R/C WFDSs and I-
MRFs using modal behavior (strength reduction)

5 Performance of force based design versus direct •It can be concluded that DDBD performed better than FBD in predicting
Ima Muljati, displacement based seismic demand of the structure i.e. story drift because it deliberately design the
Fransiscus Asisi, design in predicting seismic demands of regular Elsevier Journals, 2015 structure to achieve a given performance limit state.
Kevin Willyanto concrete special •No design repetition process needed by DDBD because structures are
moment resisting frames deliberately designed to meet the targeted performance
6 •It was confirmed that an insignificant increase in structural material costs and
CO2 emissions is required to achieve the enhanced seismic performance
Integrated analysis model for assessing CO2
objective when designing a mid-rise building, contrary to low-rise building
Hyo Seon Park, Jin emissions, seismic performance, and costs of
design.
Woo Hwang, Byung buildings through Elsevier Journals, 2017
•It was confirmed that these prescriptive design codes are more conservative
Kwan Oh performance-based optimal seismic design with
than the design requirements for the performance-based seismic design with
sustainability
respect to performance objectives P and K, although they have seismic levels
similar to the performance objectives P and K presented by FEMA 356
7. •The findings show that ASCE 7 and ASCE 41 are not consistent with respect
to the expected performance of reinforced concrete special moment frames,
Evaluating the consistency between prescriptive which can potentially impact the resiliency of buildings in the same building
and performance-based Elsevier Journals, 2018 community designed using loading, modeling, and analysis recommendations
Siamak Sattar
seismic design approaches for reinforced within the two standards.
concrete moment frame buildings •The outcomes illustrate the need for changes to the assessment and design
standards provisions by building code developers if a consistent structural
seismic performance is desired.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 Contd..
S.N Author/s Paper Name Journal, Year Results
9 8 •The proposed design procedure is simple and can simultaneously and effectively
achieve the design of multiple performance objectives for SLE, DBE and MCE
Zhipeng Zhai, Wei
An improved performance-based plastic design hazard level. And its effectiveness for designing seismic resilient fused high-rise
Guo,, Yaozhuang Li,
method for seismic resilient Elsevier Journals, 2019 building has been proved.
Zhiwu Yu, Hongpeng
fused high-rise buildings •The inter-story drift ratio of the designed EDC-MF system is less than the
Cao and Dan Bu
limitation in the code, indicating that the designed EDCMF system has good
seismic performance against strong ground motions.

9 •Compared with the conventional strength-based design, the proposed optimal

PBSD leads to 30% reduction in the needed flexural strength for the beams and
Simplified performance-based optimal seismic columns, 26% reduction in the cross-sectional area, and 21% reduction in the
Chunyu Zhang and
design of reinforced concrete Elsevier Journals, 2019 overall cost.
Ying Tian
frame buildings •It is found that drift limits are exceeded by less than 5% for occasional and rare
earthquakes, whereas plastic hinge rotation limits are satisfied under any
considered level of seismic hazard.
10 •The effect of MI on drift demands is minimal under small intensity earthquake
(i.e. SLE) and it becomes evident as the excitation intensity increases, particularly
Jianze Wang, Seismic performance-based design and risk
on the stories below the MI story.
Kaoshan Dai, Yexian analysis of thermal power plant
Elsevier Journals, 2018 •The decrease in median seismic capacities caused by MI is approximately in the
Yin, Solomon building with consideration of vertical and mass
range of 32–45.6%.
Tesfamariam irregularities
•The rest regular stories have elastic responses under any level of earthquake as
their shear DCR values are less than 1.0
11 •Damage variables are integrated with the performance evaluation procedure,
performance evaluation and damage assessment can be performed in a single
Mohd. Zameeruddin Review on Recent developments in the Elsevier Journals, 2016 analysis, thus facilitating design procedures and saving time.
and Keshav K. performance-based seismic •The next generation PBSD (FEMA 445) procedure conveys the need to express
Sangle design of reinforced concrete structures the performance objectives regarding the primary concerns of stakeholders (viz.,
repair cost, casualties, and downtime).Therefore, DIs must be integrated within
the performance evaluation procedure.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 Contd..
S.N Author/s Paper Name Journal, Year Results
10 12 •In the designed prototypes with the proposed method for the earthquake with
50% probability of exceedance in 50 years (SLE), all the structure members
remain elastic.
Shahrokh Shoeibi, New performance-based seismic design method
•In the designed prototypes with the proposed method for the earthquake with
Mohammad Ali Kafi for structures Elsevier Journals, 2017
10% probability of exceedance in 50 years (DBE), only the fuse members of SFS
and Majid Gholhaki with structural fuse system
started to yield and all SMS members remained elastic
The displacements of the designed prototypes, under hazard levels of DBE and
MCE are lower than the target displacements
13 •Response Reduction Factor for IS code method and PBPD Method is 5.59 and
18.52 respectively
Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a
•Though R for IS code method is almost same as mentioned in IS code, still
Kunal P Shukla and Reinforced Concrete Building By Performance- Elsevier Journals, 2017
hinges are developed in column as well, which suggests that Strong Column-
Sejal P Dalal Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State
Weak Beam does not hold true.
Design Method
• In PNPD although Ductility Factor is % still hinges are formed only at beams,
so still there is a scope of increasing ductility factor
14 •Using concentric, rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic and code specified design
load patterns (IBC-2012 and Eurocode-8) to design flexible-base MDOF
structures showed that the code specified load patterns are, in general, more
Performance-based seismic design of flexible-
Yang Lu a,⇑, Iman suitable for long period structures, whereas the trapezoidal pattern provides
base multi-storey Elsevier Journals, 2016
Hajirasouliha b, Alec the best design solution for short period flexible-base structures.
buildings considering soil–structure interaction
M. Marshall •To satisfy a target ductility demand for SSI systems with similar fixed-base
fundamental periods and structure-to-soil stiffness ratios, the total structural
strength increases by increasing the slenderness ratios, especially in the short
period range

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
11
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
 The gap in the literature is that all the other researchers have design and evaluate Response
Reduction factor on reinforced building on the basis of Performance Based Seismic
Design.
 In this research, I am evaluating Response Reduction factor of a reinforced concrete dual
system building on the basis of Performance Based Seismic Design and Limit State
Design.

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 METHODOLOGY
12 In this methodology we will analyze and evaluate :

• 20-story T-Shaped residential building

• 73-meter tall
• 3 basements for amenity area and car park
• Dual system (Reinforced concrete special moment
resisting fame with special reinforced concrete
shear walls)
• Mat foundation and isolated footings

Figure : T-shaped Dual System Building

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
13 WORKPLAN

THE TASKS TO BE COMPLETED IN THIS STUDY ARE :

 TASK 1 : OBJECTIVES
 TASK 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
 TASK 3 : METHODOLOGY
 TASK 4 : EXPERIMENT/ MODELING
 TASK 5 : COMPARISON OF RESULTS
 TASK 6 : THESIS WRITING
 TASK 7 : FINAL PRESENTATION

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
 TIMELINE
14

MONTH TASK1 TASK2 TASK3 TASK4 TASK5 TASK6 TASK7

JUNE (18-30)
JULY (01-10)
JULY (11-20)
JULY (21-31)
AUG (1-10)
AUG (11-31)
SEP (1-30)
OCT -NOV

Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method
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Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor of a Reinforced Concrete Dual System Building By Performance-Based Seismic Design Method and Limit State Design Method