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CHM 475 Inorganic Chemistry: (Experiment 2)

This experiment involves qualitative analysis to identify Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions in solutions. Various tests were performed on unknown solutions and mixtures using reagents like HCl, NH3, and K4Fe(CN)6 to observe precipitate formations and confirm the presence of each metal ion. Sources of error and safety precautions are also discussed.

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47 views11 pages

CHM 475 Inorganic Chemistry: (Experiment 2)

This experiment involves qualitative analysis to identify Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions in solutions. Various tests were performed on unknown solutions and mixtures using reagents like HCl, NH3, and K4Fe(CN)6 to observe precipitate formations and confirm the presence of each metal ion. Sources of error and safety precautions are also discussed.

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FAtma HAnys
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHM 475

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(EXPERIMENT 2)

Course Name : Bachelor in Education Science (Hons.) Chemistry


Course Code : ED 260
Title of experiment : Qualitative Analysis of
Transition Metal Cations : Ag + , Cu2+ , and Zn2+
Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani
Matrix no : 2014665254
Group Partner : Salmee Safina binti Mohd Yusuf
Group : ED2602A
Lecturer’s name : Dr Amalina binti Mohd Tajuddin
Date of Submission :
EXPERIMENT 2

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to perform qualitative analysis of transition metal cations :
Ag+ , Cu2+ , and Zn2+.

INTRODUCTION

Qualitative analysis is to ensure whether a particular substance is present or not. From this
qualitative analysis, we can identify the present of cation or anion. However, it does not tell how
much the concentration of cation/anion in that solution. The presence of each transition element
can be confirm by observed the characteristics of the different chemical reaction. Fromm the
characteristics, we can determine accurately what kind of transition metal that contain in the
solution.

CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

 Test tubes  Boiling water bath


 Unknown solution 1  0.1 M K4Fe(CN)6
 Mixture  Litmus paper
 6 M NH3  1 M thioacetamide
 Glass rod  6 M HCl
 Distilled water  6 M CH3COOH
 6 M NH3
METHODOLOGY

A. Procedure A.

1. 2 drops of 6 M HCl were added to 1 ml of the mixture of the metal cations.


2. The suspension was centrifuge for 1 minute when precipitate was formed.
3. 1 drop of 6 M HCl was added to the clear supernatant to check for complete precipitation.
4. The suspension was centrifuge again for 1 minute as the precipitation was observed.
5. The supernatant was decant in a clean test tube.
6. The supernatant saved for Procedure B.

B. Procedure B.

1. 6 M NH3 was added to the solution until it basic.


2. The sample was put in a boiling water bath for 2-3 minutes to remove excess NH3.
3. The volume of the solution was adjusted to 2 ml with distilled water and 10 drops of 6 M
HCl were added to the solution.
4. 12 drops of thioacetamide were added to the solution and stir.
5. The sample was heated in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes to allow for the hydrolysis
of thioacetamide producing H2S.
6. The suspension was centrifuge again for 2 minutes as the precipitation was observed and
the supernatant was decant to a clean test tube.
7. The supernatant saved.
DATASHEET EXPERIMENT 1

Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani Date :


Student ID : 2014665254 Group : ED2602A

Result for unknown 1 solution

A. On adding HCl to the initial sample

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Unknown 1 Cloudy blue solution was formed 1) Cu2+ + 2HCl  CuCl2 + 2H+ or
2) Zn2+ + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + 2H+

(Confirmatory test for Cu2+)


B. On adding H2S under acidic condition

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Unknown 1 Brownish precipitate with cloudy Cu2+ + S2-  CuS
solution formed

C. On adding HNO3

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Unknown 1 Black precipitate was formed 3CuS + 8H+ + 2NO3-  3Cu2+ + 2NO + 3S
+ 4H2O

D. On adding NH3, HNO3 and K4Fe(CN)6

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Unknown 1 Brown precipitate was formed 2Cu2+ + Fe(CN)64-  Cu2[Fe(CN)6]
(Confirmatory test for Zn2+)

E. On adding NH3, HCl and thioacetamide


Observation Balanced chemical equation
Unknown 1 Black precipitate was formed Zn2+ + S2-  ZnS

F. On adding NH3, CH3COOH and K4Fe(CN)6

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Unknown 1 Brick red precipitate was formed 3Zn2+ + 2Fe(CN)64-  Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2
Result for mixture solution

A. On adding HCl, NH3 and thioacetamide

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Mixture White precipitate was formed Ag+ + Cl-  AgCl

B. On adding NH3

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Mixture Colorless supernatant was formed 1) AgCl  Ag+ + Cl-
2) Ag+ + 2NH3  Ag(NH3)2+

C. On adding HNO3

Observation Balanced chemical equation


Mixture White precipitate was formed Ag+ + Cl-  AgCl
DISCUSSION

A. Interpretation.
 The uses of qualitative analysis in this experiment because it identify only one ion metal
at each time as it can separate the ions through different chemical process.

 When using unknown 1, there was no precipitation and only the supernatant was
observed. This scenario prove that in the unknown 1, there were Cu 2+ and Zn2+. They
were several chemical process to separate between those two ions. To prove that there is
Cu2+, the solution was added with H2S in acidic condition and it form a precipitate to
confirm the presence of Cu2+. However, the supernatant was saved to test the
confirmation of Zn2+.

 The supernatant was added with thioacetamide, HCl and NH 3 and it form a precipitate
which confirmed the presence of Zn2+. The supernatant was discarded as we test only on
the precipitation.

 When using mixture solution, there was a precipitate which immediately confirmed the
presence of Ag+. However, we must confirmed the presence of Ag+ through the addition
of the NH3 and HNO3 to the mixture solution.

B. Error
 Using contaminated solutions - when two different solutions were transferred using the
same dropper and dropper is not rinsed with distilled water in between, the solutions will
contaminated.
 Not have enough period of heating – when there is heating process, limited working
experiment may force the students shorten the heating period so the mixture cannot react
completely.
 The mixture or solution may react quickly – there are some mixture or solution that will
react quickly. The students may miss the reaction process as it happened too quickly.
C. Safety Precaution
 We must wear gloves as a protection as we do not want to have direct contact with toxic
chemicals.

D. Suggestion Mark
 For an accurate result, we can carry out this experiment in the unlimited working time.
CONCLUSION
 In unknown 2 solution, there were Cu2+ and Zn2+.
 In mixture solution, there is only Ag+.

REFERENCES

Flemming, M. C. (2000). Advanced Chemistry. (pp.379 and 380). Oxford copyright.

Thompson, R. B. (2008). Qualitative Analysis. In Ilustrated Guide to Home Chemistry


Experiments (pp. 331,332 and 33). Dale Doughtery.

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