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Output Voltage: VT Ve V Ve TL

The document discusses voltage regulation using a zener diode circuit. It describes how a zener diode maintains a constant voltage regardless of changes in current. The zener diode acts like a closed circuit when reverse biased above its breakdown voltage and an open circuit otherwise. A basic zener regulator circuit uses a zener diode and resistor to regulate the output voltage supplied to a load. Analysis of the circuit involves determining the zener diode's state and substituting the appropriate equivalent circuit model.

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Raghul R
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53 views

Output Voltage: VT Ve V Ve TL

The document discusses voltage regulation using a zener diode circuit. It describes how a zener diode maintains a constant voltage regardless of changes in current. The zener diode acts like a closed circuit when reverse biased above its breakdown voltage and an open circuit otherwise. A basic zener regulator circuit uses a zener diode and resistor to regulate the output voltage supplied to a load. Analysis of the circuit involves determining the zener diode's state and substituting the appropriate equivalent circuit model.

Uploaded by

Raghul R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Output Voltage

During the discharge period the voltage across the capacitor is described by
vo ^ t h = Vm e-t/RC
At the end of discharge interval, we have the output
VL = Vm e-Tl/RC
where Tl is the discharge time.

(a) (b)

Figure 1.15: (a) Capacitor Filter Circuit, (b) Input and Output Waveform for the Filter

Ripple Voltage
The output voltage is no longer constant as in the ideal peak detector circuit
but has ripple voltage ^Vr h. The ripple voltage is defined as the difference
between Vm and VL , i.e.
Vr = Vm - VL = Vm ^1 - e-Tl/RC h
Since, RC >> Tl, so we may write
Vr . Vm b Tl l
RC
or Vr . Vm T (Tl . T )
RC
or Vr = Vm ( f = 1/T )
fRC
1.12 ZENER DIODE

Zener diodes are designed to provide a specified breakdown voltage. The


breakdown voltage of the zener diode is nearly constant over a wide range
of reverse bias currents. This makes the zener diode useful in a voltage
regulator, or a constant voltage reference circuit. Figure 1.16 shows the
zener diode and its equivalent circuit models for ON and OFF states.

(a) (b)

Figure 1.16: Equivalent Circuit Model for a Zener Diode for (a) ON State and (b) OFF
State

1.13 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A Voltage regulator is a device or combination of devices designed to maintain


the output voltage of a power supply as nearly constant as possible. One of
the simplest discrete Regulator consists of only a resistor and a zener diode,
as shown in Figure 1.17.

Figure 1.17: Basic Zener Regulator

METHODOLOGY: TO ANALYSE ZENER REGULATOR CIRCUIT

The applied dc voltage is fixed, as is the load resistor. The zener regulator
can be analysed in the following steps.
Step 1: Remove the zener diode from the network.

.in
co
Step 2: Calculate the voltage across the resulting open circuit.

. RL v

ia V = VL =
R + RL i

od
Step 3: Determine the state of the zener diode by checking the obtained
value of voltage V for the following conditions

.n If V $ Vz , the zener diode is ON

w If V < Vz , the diode is OFF


Step 4: Substitute the appropriate equivalent circuit for the resulting

w state of zener diode. For ON state, equivalent mode of Figure

w 1.16(a) can be substituted, while for OFF state the open circuit
equivalence of Figure 1.16(b) is substituted.
Step 5: Solve the resulting equivalent circuit for the desired unknowns.
For example, assume that the equivalent circuit for the zener
regulator is as shown below.

So, we get the various parameters for the circuit as


Load voltage, VL = Vz
Load current, IL = VL
R
Current through resistance R, IR = VR = Vi - VL
R R
Zener current, Iz = IR - IL
Power dissipated by Zener diode, Pz = Vz Iz
***********

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