Calculation of the Oxygenation Capacity (OC) Basis ‘The oxygen requirement of activated sludge systems can be computed by several methods. Beute’s, Wolrmann’s, Eckenfelder’s and Von Emde’s methods are best known. On acount of its simplicity we favour Von Emde’s method. ‘The following equation will be used: OV — = substrate respiration + endogenous respiration + nitrification - denitrification = 0,5 tip Ly + p MLSS + 4.57 Nyg~ 2,86 No where, OV = oxygen requirement of the microorganisms (kg/d) No ly > endogenous respiration coefficient MLSS = activated sludge mass (kg) No = Nto be oxidized (kg/d) New = N to be reduced (NOs-N)(kg/d) Comments Endogenous respiration ‘At low sludge loadings the influence of the temperature on the endogenous respiration is slight. For oxidation ditch conditions it is estimated to be 3 - 4% per °C. LB Endogenous Respiration | (kg BOD / kg MLSS.¢) (kg 02 / kg MLSS.d) at 18 °C. 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 20.10 0.10 Nitcification ‘The equation for the loading due to nitrogen depends on: - Nitrogen assimilation in MLSS - Nittification ~ Denitrification = Nitrogen in effluent ‘The nitrification requires 4.57 gram Oxygen per gram oxidized Nitrogen. As a result of simultancous denitrification, 2.86 gram Oxygen per gram oxidized Nitrogen can be recycled.Calculation ‘The required OC under standard conditions can be calculated by multiplying the OV by the follwing factors: ~ oxygen deficit factor ~ hydraulic peak factor = a factor - temperature correction factor oxygen deficit factor = C, / (C, -C)) where, C, = oxygen saturation concentration at standard temparature in clean water (mg/l) fo ‘oxygen saturation concentration at design temperature in wastewater (mg/l) c ‘oxygen concentration under operating conditions at design temperature (mg/l) ‘The hydraulic peak factor serves to account for the variation in the wastewater flow rate during day time and night time: hydraulic peak factor = 0.74 * 24/14 = 1.27 This means that 74% of the wastewater is expected to arrive during 14 daily hours; the remaing 26% is expected to arrive during a night time of 10 hours. ‘The ot - factor is influenced by the aeration system, the wastewater characteristics, the MLSS and the turbulence. Because the major part of the wastewater is of domestic origin and based on surface aeration and practical experience the ot - factor has been stipulated to be 0.8. ‘The temperature correction coefficient is required to express the Oxygenation Capacity under standard conditions. These conditions in Europe are at 10 °C. ‘Temperature correction = 1.0188"? where, T = temperature in °C. ignificant and/or the altitude versus seawater level, more corrections If the salinity of the wastewater is have to be made.‘Sludge production Information on the rate of production of surplus activated siudge is required for: ~ prediction of the conditions under nitrification will occur; = the degree of stabilization; ~ the design of sludge handling systems, ‘The rate of sludge production determines the sludge age which is defined as: total sludge mass (kg) - ~ (days) sludge production (kg/d) According to Kayser, the rate of sludge production can be described by the following equation: _S = a(S, - 8) - b MLSS + 0.6 Misa, - Mem, (kg/d) Where, S = nett studge production rate (kg/d) SxS = BOD removed (kg/d) a = sludge yield coefficient (kg/kg) bd endogenous breakdown (d") Mya, = suspended solids in influent (kg/d) Mig, = suspended solids in effluent (kg/d) MLSS = activated sludge mass (kg) ‘The endogenous breakdown, b, is temparature dependent varying from 0.02 (8 °C) to 0.06 (28 °C). For the design temperature, i.e. 10 °C for maximum sludge production, b = 0.025. Furthermore the sludge production is a function of the sludge loading of the system.Design characteristics and parameters Parameter unit | Sewage | Effuent | sewage | effluent | Removal load (kg/d) | toad (kg/d) % Flow rate ma_| soo00 | 80000 BOD, mgt_| 200 20 16000 1600 80 Total N git 35 10 2800 800 m4 ss mgt | 300 20 24000 1600 93.3 Total P gil 10 2 800 160 80 Temperature c 18 Parameter unit | Temperature | Temperature 10 | Temperature 15 19°C c ‘c BOD,loading kgikg.d | 0.095 0.095 0.095, Volume of Carrousel mm 21000 21000 21000 Number of Carrousels : 2 2 2 MLSs kgim? 4 4 4 Sludge production kgld 15560 17240 46400 Sludge age a 108 97 102 Hydraulic Retention Time | tld 19 19 19 Parameter unit | Temperature | Temperature 10 | Temperature 15 19°C c °c Actual Oxygenation Gapacity | _kgid 29895 27173 20956 D.C. operation set point mg 15 15 1.5 Oxygen deficit factor a 1.44 1.31 4.45 Hydraulic peak factor : 127 41.27 4.27 a= factor - 08 08 08 ‘Temperature correction factor : 0.85 1 091 Stand. oxygenation capacity | _kgfh 2404 2070 2356 ‘Aerator power required «Ww 487 135 154 Aerator power to be installed | KW 162Sludge production Information on the rate of production of surplus activated shudge is required for: - prediction of the conditions under nitrification will occur; ~ the degree of stabilization; - the design of sludge handling systems. ‘The rate of sludge production determines the sludge age which is defined as: total sludge mass (ke) sludge production (kg/d) (Gays) ‘According to Kayser, the rate of sludge production can be described by the following equation: _S = a(S,-S)-b MLSS + 0.6 Mya, - Men, (kg/d) Where, S = nett studge production rate (kg/d) SS = BOD removed (kg/d) a sludge yield coefficient (ke/ke) b endogenous breakdown (¢") Maa, = suspended solids in influent (kg/d) Man, = suspended sofids in effluent (kg/d) MLSS = activated sludge mass (kg) ‘The endogenous breakdown, b, is temparature dependent varying from 0.02 (8 °C) to 0.06 (28 °C). For the design temperature, i.e. 10 °C for maximum sludge production, b = 0.025. Furthermore the sludge production is a function of the sludge loading of the system.