Scribd
Upload
228 views

SBA - Ligand Exchange

1. The experiment aimed to investigate ligand exchange reactions involving vanadium, copper(II), and cobalt(II) ions. 2. Upon adding zinc and sulfuric acid to ammonium vanadate, the solution changed color, indicating ligand exchange. 3. When copper(II) sulfate was added to water and then ammonia or hydrochloric acid, the solution changed color, also showing ligand exchange. 4. Similar color changes occurred with cobalt(II) solutions upon addition of hydrochloric acid, water, and ammonia, further demonstrating ligand exchange.

Uploaded by

p berger
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
228 views

SBA - Ligand Exchange

1. The experiment aimed to investigate ligand exchange reactions involving vanadium, copper(II), and cobalt(II) ions. 2. Upon adding zinc and sulfuric acid to ammonium vanadate, the solution changed color, indicating ligand exchange. 3. When copper(II) sulfate was added to water and then ammonia or hydrochloric acid, the solution changed color, also showing ligand exchange. 4. Similar color changes occurred with cobalt(II) solutions upon addition of hydrochloric acid, water, and ammonia, further demonstrating ligand exchange.

Uploaded by

p berger
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Experiment No: 8

Title: Ligand Exchange


Aim: To investigate Ligand exchange of reactions involving Vanadium, Cu2+ ions and
Co2+ ions
Apparatus and Materials
Method:
Vanadium
1. Dissolve a small spatula of Ammonium Vanadate in 2 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution in a boiling tube.
2. Add a spatula full of zinc and 5 cm3 of 2M of sulfuric acid. Quickly stopper the
solution with a cotton wool.
3. Gently shake and note all colour changes
4. Warm the reaction in a water bath and note all colour changes that may happen
over the course of an hour.
Cu2+ ions
1. Using a spatula, place a small amount of anhydrous copper(II) sulphate in a test
tube
2. Add 10 drops of distilled water to the anhydrous copper(II) sulphate, shake and
record all observations
3. To the test tube in step 2, add concentrated ammonia solution drop by drop while
shaking the test tube until there is no further change. Record all observations.
4. Repeat steps 1 and 2 above
5. To the test tube from step 4, add concentrated hydrochloric acid drop by drop while
shaking the test tube until there is no further change. Record all observations.
6. To about 1 cm3 of the solution from step 3 add EDTA dropwise until there is no
further change.

Co2+ ions
1. Add concentrated hydrochloric acid dropwise to about 1 cm3 of cobalt(II) solution.
2. To the solution of 1 above add water dropwise until there is no further change
3. Add concentrated ammonia dropwise to about 1 cm3 of cobalt(II) solution until
there is no further change. Set aside and observe any further change after about 10-15
mins.
4. Heat, gently at first, a few crystals of cobalt(II) in a boiling tube and note any
changes which occurs. Remove the tube and allow it to cool then add a few drops of
water and observe.

Write up in the form of a table following the qualitative analysis with headings
Test Observations Inference
Discussion:
• What is a Ligand?
• How do ligands form complexes with transition metal ions?
• Explain the term ligand exchange
• Give equations and the names of complexes formed, clearly indicate where the
ligand exchanges took place.
• Draw diagrams of the complexes formed at various steps in the method when a
colour change occurred.
• Why do the Cl- and NH3 ligands replace the H2O in the first complexes
formed?

Conclusion: Link to aim

You might also like