CHAPTER-1

02. (a)
3.12  3.15  2.97  3.10  2.99
Probable Value =
5
(Avg Value)
= 3.066

03. (b) (0-10V)

100 K

1M

Photo volttar cell

100  10 3  10 6
             Req = = 90.909K 
105  10 6
5
          I = = 5.5  10 5
90.909  103
         V= IR = 90.905  103  5.5  10 5 = 4.99V
             Total Reading = 5 + 4.99 = 9.99  10V

04. (b)
0.125% of the span
T1 = 4000C T2= 10000C
Span = T2 – T1 = 1000 – 400 = 600
0.125
1.125% of the span = x 600  0.750 C
100

05.
The mean value of the voltage for every month shows a standard deviature of 0.1 mv
The voltage of a standard cell is monitored daily over a period of one year.
One year means 12 months
n = 12
n

d
2

 standard value  = T 1
i

= 10  1 2

10 1

0 .1
12 12 12
07. (a) 1500c 2000c

Span = T2 – T1 = 20 jc – 1500C = 500c

 0.25 x 50
 0.25% of the span = x 100   0.125%
100
08. (b)
P I3 Q
I1
I2 3mm S
R+7
I4
      

change in deflection 
 SB = change in voltage or Re sis tan e =
(R / R )
3  10 3
= = 0.4285 mm/ 
7 a
1 I3 R2
1 R1
    Deflection factor = S = 3  10 3 = 2.33  /mm
B I1
7 e
change in deflection I2
S
11. SB = change in voltage or Re sis tan e
= e / 10 1000+10
7 R3 bI4 R4
e = vd – va

Va= 100 (1000/1000+1000) = 50

Vd = 100(1010/1010+1000) = 50.25 100v

e = 50.25 – 50 = 0.25v

SB = 25mv/Ω ans: b

12.(b)
       Power P =  1.5%
I =  1.0%
P  1.5%
R= =
I2 ( 1.0)%  ( 1.0)%
      In case of multiplication  % are added
 1.5%
= =  3.5%
 2%

13. (c)
      (0-10A) Ammeter GAE = 1% of full scale deflection
 10
GAE = 1  = 0.1
100
The reading is 2.5A so the Limiting error will be
x
2.5  100 =0%
x = 4%

15. (b)
Measured value = 127.5 v true value = 127.43 v

Measure value  true value

% state error = true value
127.5  127.43
= x 100
127.43
State error = measured value – true value
= 127.5 – 127.43 = 0.07
State correction = ()
=  0.07

16. (b)
Measured value = 95.450c
State correction = () =  0.080c
Error = Measured value – true value
0.080c = 95.450c – true value
Tree value = 95.450c – 0.080c = 75 – 370 c

17. (c)
R1 = 72.3  R2 = 2.73  R3 = 0.612 
Uncertainty of one unit means the error in last digits so we can neglect
R1 = 72.3  R2 = 2.7  R3 = 0.6 
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 = 72.3 + 2.7 + 0.6
= 75.6 

18. (a)
R1 = 28.7  R2 = 3.624  Neglect last digits
R1 = 28.7  R2 = 3.6
Req = R1 + R2 = 28.7 + 3.6 = 32.3 

19. (b)
No. of divisions = 100
Full scale reading = 200 v
Full scale reading 200
Resolution = No. of divisions  100  2
1
But he has given of scale division
10
 1
Resolution = x 2  0.2 v
10

20. (c)
C = 1 F  5%
The limits between the capacitance value
C1 = 1 F + 5% C2 = 1 F  5%
C1 = 1.05 F C2 = 0.95 F

21. (c)
Range ( 0 – 150 v) GAE = 1% full scale reaching
1
GAE = x 150  1.5
100
The voltage measured value = 75 v. So the limiting error
x
= 75 x  1.5
100
x=2%

22. (c)
Range of the Ammeter 0 – 10 A
GAE = 1% of full scale reading
10
GAE = 1 x  0.1
100
The measured value = 2.5 A
x
L.E = 2.5 x  0. 1
100
x=4%

29. (a)
A pressure gauge is calibrated (0 – 50 KN/m2)
Total no. of division = 100
1
th of scale division
5
Full scale reading 50
Resolution = No. of divisions  100  0.5
1 1
th of scale division = x 0.5 = 0.1 kN/m2
5 5

Two Marks Question

30. (b)
 GAE =  3 % of full scale
Range = (0 – 300 v)
3
GAE = x 300   9
100
The reading 200 v
One reading = 200 + 9 = 209 v
Another reading = 200 – 9 = 191 v

31. (d)
w1 = 100 w GAE =  1% of w1,
1
GAE = x 100   1
100
w2 =  50 w GAE =  0.5% of w2
 0.5
GAE = x 100  0.5
100
Total power = w1 + w2
= 100  1 – 50  0.5
= 50  1.5
x
50 x  1.5
100
LE x = 3%

36. (a)
      R1= 37  5 R2 = 75  5 R3 = 50  5
   Three Resistance are connected in series
   Req = R1+ R2 + R3
5 185
R1 = 37  5%  37  = =1.85
100 100
R1 = 37  1.85
R2 = 75  5%
5
75 =3.75
100
R2 = 75  3.75
R3 = 50  5%
5
= 50 = 2.5
100
R3 50  2.5
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 = 37 + 1.85 +75  3.75 + 50  2.5
= 162  8.1
x
162 = 8.1
100
X = 5%

37.(c)
      R1 = 100  5 R2 = 150  15
Req = R1 + R2 = 100  5 + 150  15
= 250  20
  But he asking standard definations on
 2 2
d1  d 2
= n = 2 i.e <20
n 1
152  52
= = 15.8
2 1
       Ans = 250  15.8

38.(a)
       Range of voltmeter (0-300v)
GA error =  2% full scale deflection
300
GAE =  2 = 6
100
  The reading 30v
One Reading = 30+6 = 36v
Another Reading = 30-6 = 24v

39.(d)
      Voltage measurement =  2%
Current =  3% Incase of multiplication  % will be added
Power = VI =  3%   2%
=  5%

40.(b)
     I =  1.5% R =  0.5%
P = I2R = (  1.5%   1.5% * 0.5%
=  3.5%

Previous IES questions

07. (b)
      Measured value = 100 F true value = 110F
Measured value  true value 100  110
Relative error =   100 =  100  9.09%
true value 110

08. (b)
      Voltmeter Range (0-20V)
(GAE) Accuracy =  1% fsd
1
GAE = 20  = 0.2
100
x
Reading 2  = 0.1 Limiting error x =  10%
100
x
If it Reads 5V  = 0.2 x =  4%
100
x
Reading 10  = 0.2 x =  2%
100
 x
20  100 = 0.2  x =  1%
So option is: (b)

13.(d)
      Range of ammeter (0-10mA)
GAE =  2% of full scale
10
=  2 = 0.2
100
x
L.E Reading 5 mA  5 = 0.2
100
0.2  100
X= =  4%
5
24.(a)
       Readings 117.02 mA, 117.11mA, 117.08 & 117.03
Range of error means
117.02  117.11  117.08  117.03
Avg value =
4
    Iw = 117.06 IMin = 117.02
Imax = 117.11
 (I max  I av )  (I av  I min )
Error =
2
(117 .11  117 .06)  (117 .06  117 .02)
=
2

 0.05  0.04
= =  0.045
2

26.(d)
        Range of voltmeter (0-100V)
GAE =  1% of full scale
100
=  1 =1
100
Reading Measured value = 5V
x
LE  5 = 1  LE  Limiting Error 
100
100
LE x= =  20%
5

Previous Gate questions

07.(d)
Voltage value 5.9V, 5.7V, 6.1V
2 2 2
d1  d 2  d 3
Standard deviation =
n
5.9  5.7  6.1
Average value 5.9 =
3
 d1 = 5.9-5.9 = 0
d2 = 5.9-5.7 = 0.2
d3 = 6.1-5.9 = 0.2
(0.2) 2  (0.2) 2 0.04  0.04
= = = 0.2
2 2

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

08.(b)
Current (A) 0 5 10 15 20 25
Ammeter
1 4 12 14 22 28
reading A
Full scale reading (0-30V)
Full scale reading = 30V

        Error = 28-25 = 3V, it is 10% of full scale reading.