¸HMO Compact Series

Digital Oscilloscope
User Manual

*5800442802*
5800442802
Version 03
Test & Measurement

User Manual
General information regarding the CE marking

General Information Regarding the CE Marking

ROHDE & SCHWARZ measuring instruments comply with regulations of the
EMC Directive. ROHDE & SCHWARZ is basing the conformity assessment
on prevailing generic and product standards. In cases with potentially
different thresholds, ROHDE & SCHWARZ instruments apply more rigorous
test conditions. Thresholds for business and commercial sectors as well
as small business are applicable for interference emission (class 1B). As to
the interference immunity, the standard thresholds for the industrial sector
apply. Measurement and data lines connected to the measuring instrument
significantly affect compliance with specified thresholds. Depending on the
respective application, utilized lines may differ. In regards to interference
emission and immunity during measurements, it is critical that the following
terms and conditions are observed:

1. Data Cables
It is imperative to only use properly shielded cables when connecting
measuring instruments and interfaces to external devices (printers, compu-
ters, etc.). Unless the manual prescribes an even shorter maximum cable
length, data cables (input/output, signal/control) may not exceed a length
of 3m and may not be used outside of buildings. If the instrument interface
includes multiple ports for interface cables, only one cable at a time may be
connected. Generally, interconnections require double-shielded connecting
cables. The double-shielded cable HZ72 (available at ROHDE & SCHWARZ) is
well suitable as IEEE bus cable.

2. Signal Cables
In general, measuring cables for the transmission of signals between measu-
ring point and measuring instrument should be kept as short as possible.
Unless the manual prescribes an even shorter maximum cable length, signal
cables (input/output, signal/control) may not exceed a length of 1m and may
not be used outside of buil-dings. In general, all signal cables must be used

General infor-
as shielded conductors (coaxial cable- RG58/U). It is important to ensure pro-
per ground connection. Signal generators require the use of double-shielded
coaxial cables (RG223/U, RG214/U).

mation regar-
3. Impact on Instruments
If strong high-frequency electric and magnetic fields are present, it may
occur despite diligent measurement setup that unwanted signal units are

ding the CE
injected into the instrument via connected cables and lines. This does not
result in destruction or shutdown of ROHDE & SCHWARZ instruments. In
individual cases, external circumstances may cause minor variations in the

marking
display and measuring values beyond the selected specifications.

4. RF immunity of oscilloscopes.
4.1 Electromagnetic RF field
The influence of electric and magnetic RF fields may become visible (e.g. RF
superimposed), if the field intensity is high. In most cases the coupling into
the oscilloscope takes place via the device under test, mains/line supply,
test leads, control cables and/or radiation. The device under test as well as
the oscilloscope may be effected by such fields. Although the interior of the
oscilloscope is screened by the cabinet, direct radiation can occur via the
CRT gap. As the bandwidth of each amplifier stage is higher than the total
–3dB bandwidth of the oscilloscope, the influence of RF fields of even higher
frequencies may be noticeable.

4.2 Electrical fast transients / electrostatic discharge

Electrical fast transient signals (burst) may be coupled into the oscilloscope
directly via the mains/line supply, or indirectly via test leads and/or control
cables. Due to the high trigger and input sensitivity of the oscilloscopes,
such normally high signals may effect the trigger unit and/or may become
visible on the TFT, which is unavoidable. These effects can also be caused by
direct or indirect electrostatic discharge.

2
 Content

Content 7 Signal Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

7.1 Display Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2 Usage of the Virtual Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.3 Signal intensity and persistence functions . . . . . . . 29
7.4 XY display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1 Installation and safety 8 Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8.1 Cursor Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8.2 Automatic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.2 Unpacking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.3 Setting up the instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9.1 Mathematical Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.4 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9.2 Frequency Analysis (FFT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.5 Intended Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9.3 Quick View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.6 Ambient conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 9.4 PASS/FAIL Test Based on Masks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.7 Warranty and repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9.5 Component test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.8 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 10 Documentation, Storage and Recall . . . . . . . . 41
1.9 Measurement categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 10.1 Device settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.10 Mains voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.11 Batteries and rechargeable batteries / cells . . . . . . 6 10.3 Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.12 Product Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10.4 Screenshots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.4.1 Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1 Front view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.5 Formula Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.2 Control panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.6 FILE/PRINT Key Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3 Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 Mixed-Signal Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.4 General concept of instrument operation . . . . . . . . . 8 11.1 Logic Trigger for Digital Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.5 Basic settings and integrated help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11.2 Display Functions for the Logic Channels. . . . . . . . 45
2.6 Updates to Instrument Firmware, Language 11.3 Display of Logic Channels as BUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
and Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11.4 Cursor Measurements for Logic Channels . . . . . . . 46
2.7 Options / Voucher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11.5 Automatic Measurements for Logic Channels . . . . 46
2.8 Self Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 Serial Bus Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.9 Back Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 12.1 Software options (license key). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3 Quick Start Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12.2 Serial Bus Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.1 Setting up and turning the instrument on. . . . . . . . 13 12.3 Parallel / Parallel Clocked BUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 Connection of a probe and signal capture. . . . . . . . 13 12.4 I2C BUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 Display of signal details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12.5 SPI / SSPI BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.4 Cursor Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12.6 UART/RS-232 BUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.5 Automatic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12.7 CAN BUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.6 Mathematical functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 12.8 LIN BUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.7 Storing data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 13 Remote control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4 Vertical system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 13.1 RS-232. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.1 Coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 13.2 USB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and Offset. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 13.3 Ethernet (Option HO730 / HO732). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal Inversion. . . . . . . . . . . 17 13.4 IEEE 488.2 / GPIB (Option HO740): . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.4 Probe Attenuation and Unit Selection 14 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
(Volt/Ampere). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 15 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.5 Threshold Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 15.1 List of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.6 Name a channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 15.2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5 Horizontal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.1 Acquisition modes RUN and STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 Time base setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 Acquisition modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4 Interlace Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.5 ZOOM function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.6 Navigation Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.7 Marker Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.8 Search Function
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6 Trigger System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, Single . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.2 Trigger sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.3 Trigger type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3
Installation and safety instructions

1 Installation and
1.4 Safety
The instrument fulfils the DIN EN 61010-1 (VDE 0411 part
1) regulations for electrical measuring, control and labo-

safety ratory instruments and was manufactured and tested ac-

cordingly. It left the factory in perfect safe condition.
Hence it also corresponds to European Standard EN

instructions 61010-1 and Standard IEC 61010-1. In order to maintain

this condition and to ensure safe operation the user is re-
quired to observe the warnings and other directions for
use in this manual. Housing, chassis as well as all measur-
1.1 Symbols ing terminals are connected to safety ground of the mains.
The instrument is designed in compliance with the regu-
lations of protection class I. The exposed metal parts are
(1) (2) (3) (4) checked against the mains poles with 2200 VDC voltage.
The instrument is in accordance with overvoltage category
II.

(5) (6) (7) It is prohibited to disconnect the earthed protective
connection inside or outside the instrument!
Symbol 1: Caution - Observe operating instructions
Symbol 2: Caution High Voltage For safety reasons, the instrument may only be operated
Symbol 3: Ground with authorized safety sockets. The power cord must be
Symbol 4: PE terminal plugged in before signal circuits may be connected. Sep-
Symbol 5: ON/OFF supply voltage arating the grounds is prohibited. Never use the product if
Symbol 6: Stand by display the power cable is damaged. Check regularly if the power
Symbol 7: Ground terminal cables are in perfect condition. Choose suitable protective
measures and installation types to ensure that the power
1.2 Unpacking cord cannot be damaged and that no harm is caused by
While unpacking, check the package contents for com- tripping hazards or from electric shock, for instance. If it is
pleteness (measuring instrument, power cable, product assumed that a safe operation is no longer possible, the in-
CD, possibly optional accessories). After unpacking, check strument must be shut down and secured against any un-
the instrument for mechanical damage occurred during intended operation.
transport and for loose parts inside. In case of transport
damage, please inform the supplier immediately. The in- Safe operation can no longer be assumed:
strument must not be operated in this case. ❙❙ in case of visible damage,
❙❙ in case loose parts were noticed,
1.3 Setting up the instrument ❙❙ if it does not function any more,
As you can see from the picture, there are small feets on ❙❙ after prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions
the bottom which can be folded out. Please make sure you (e.g. like in the open or in moist atmosphere),
have fully folded out the feet‘s in order to ensure stability ❙❙ after rough handling during transport (e.g. packaging that
of the instrument. does not meet the minimum requirements by post office,
railway or forwarding agency).

1.5 Intended Operation

The measuring instrument is intended only for use by
personnel familiar with the potential risks of measuring
electrical quantities. For safety reasons, the instrument may
only be connected to properly installed safety socket
outlets. Separating the grounds is prohibited. The power
plug must be inserted before signal circuits may be
connected. The product may be operated only under the
operating conditions and in the positions specified by the

Use the measuring instrument only with original ROHDE &

SCHWARZ measuring equipment, measuring cables and power
Fig. 1.1: Operating positions cord. Never use inadequately measured power cords. Before each
measurement, measuring cables must be inspected for damage
The instrument must be installed in a way, that at any time and replaced if necessary. Damaged or worn components can
the disconnection of the power line is not restricted. damage the instrument or cause injury.

4
 Installation and safety instructions

manufacturer, without the products ventilation being Any adjustments, replacements of parts, maintenance
obstructed. If the manufacturers specifications are not and repair may be carried out only by authorized ROHDE
observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or & SCHWARZ technical personnel. Only original parts may
serious personal injury, and in some cases, death. be used for replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g. power
Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must al-
the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work ways be performed after parts relevant to safety have been
performed. The measuring instrument is designed for use replaced (visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulation
in the following sectors: Industry, residential, business and resistance measurement, leakage current measurement,
commercial areas and small businesses. The measuring functional test). This helps ensure the continued safety of
instrument is designed for indoor use only. Before each the product.
measurement, you need to verify at a known source if the
measuring instrument functions properly.
1.8 Maintenance
To disconnect from the mains, the low-heat device socket on the
back panel has to be unplugged. Clean the outer case of the measuring instrument at regular in-
tervals, using a soft, lint-free dust cloth.

1.6 Ambient conditions The display may only be cleaned with water or an ap-
Permissible operating temperatures during the operations propriate glass cleaner (not with alcohol or other clean-
range from +5 °C to +40 °C. During storage or transporta- ing agents). Follow this step by rubbing the display down
tion the temperature may be between –20 °C and +70 °C. with a dry, clean and lint-free cloth. Do not allow clean-
In case of condensation during transportation or storage , ing fluid to enter the instrument. The use of other cleaning
the instrument will require approximately two hours to dry agents may damage the labeling or plastic and lacquered
and reach the appropriate temperature. It can then be op- surfaces.
erated. The measuring instrument is designed for use in
a clean and dry indoor environment. Do not operate with
high dust and humidity levels, if danger of explosion ex- Before cleaning the measuring instrument, please make sure that
ists or with aggressive chemical agents. Any operating po- it has been switched off and disconnected from all power sup-
sition may be used; however adequate air circulation must plies (e.g. AC supply network or battery).
be maintained. For continuous operation, a horizontal or
inclined position (integrated stand) is preferable. No parts of the instruments may be cleaned with chemical clean-
ing agents (such as alcohol, acetone or cellulose thinner)!
The maximum operating altitude for the instrument is
2000m. Nominal data with tolerance details apply once
the ambient temperature of 23 °C has been reached after 1.9 Measurement categories
about 30 minutes. Values without tolerance details are ref- This oscilloscope is designed for measurements on cir-
erence values of an average instrument. cuits that are only indirectly connected to the mains or
not connected at all. Make sure the entry voltage of the
analog channels CH1/CH2 does not exceed 200 V (peak
Do not obstruct the ventilation holes!
value),150VRMS at 1 MΩ and and 5 VRMS at 50 Ω input im-
pedance. The entry voltage of the external trigger in-
put (TRIG. EXT.) does not exceeded 100V (peak value).
1.7 Warranty and repair The maximum value allowed for transient overvoltages is
ROHDE & SCHWARZ instruments are subject to strict qual- 200V (peak value). To ensure compliance, it is necessary
ity controls. Prior to leaving the manufacturing site, each in- to only use probes that have been manufactured and tes-
strument undergoes a 10-hour burn-in test. This is followed ted in accordance with DIN EN 61010-031in order to pre-
by extensive functional quality testing to examine all oper- vent transient overvoltages at the measurement input.
ating modes and to guarantee compliance with the spec- When performing measurements in category II, III or IV
ified technical data. The testing is performed with testing circuits, it is mandatory to insert a probe that reduces the
equipment that is calibrated to national standards. The stat- voltage so that no transient overvoltages will be applied
utory warranty provisions shall be governed by the laws of to the instrument. Direct measurements (without galva-
the country in which the ¸ product was purchased. In nic isolation) to category II, III or IV circuits are prohibi-
case of any complaints, please contact your supplier. ted. The measuring circuits are considered not connec-
ted to the mains if an isolation transformer in compliance
The product may only be opened by authorized and with class II is used. It is also possible to perform mea-
qualified personnel. Prior to working on the product or surements on the mains if appropriate transformers (e.g.
before the product is opened, it must be disconnected current connectors) are used that are in compliance with
from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will safety class II. The measurement category (for which the
be exposed to the risk of an electric shock. manufacturer specified the required transformer) must be
observed.

5
Installation and safety instructions

The measurement categories refer to transients that are Cells and batteries must not be removed from their
superimposed on the mains voltage. Transients are short, original packaging until they are ready to be used.
very fast (steep) current and voltage variations which may
occur periodically and non-periodically. The level of poten- 4. Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children. If
tial transients increases as the distance to the source of a cell or a battery has been swallowed, seek medical
the low voltage installation decreases. aid immediately.

❙❙ Measurement CAT IV: Measurements at the source of 5. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mecha-
the low voltage installations (e.g. meters) nical shocks that are stronger than permitted.
❙❙ Measurement CAT III: Measurements in building
installations (e.g. power distribution installations, power 6. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed
switches, firmly installed sockets, firmly installed engines to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If contact
etc.). occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water
❙❙ Measurement CAT II: Measurements on circuits and seek medical aid.
electronically directly connected to the mains (e.g.
household appliances, power tools, etc.) 7. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries can
❙❙ 0 (instruments without measured measurement cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with
category): Other circuits that are not connected directly to the identical type in order to ensure the safety of the
the mains. product.

8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate

1.10 Mains voltage from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries and nor-
The instrument has a wide range power supply from 100 mal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium
to 240 V (±10%), 50 or 60 Hz. There is hence no line vol- are hazardous waste. Observe the national regulations
tage selector. The line fuse is accessible on the rear panel regarding waste disposal and recycling.
and part of the line input connector. Prior to exchanging a
fuse, the line cord must be pulled out. Exchange is only al-
lowed if the fuse holder is undamaged. It can be taken out 1.12 Product Disposal
using a screwdriver put into the slot. The fuse can be pu-
shed out of its holder and must be exchanged with the
identical type (type informations below). The holder with
the new fuse can then be pushed back in place against the Fig. 1.2:
spring. It is prohibited to ”repair“ blown fuses or to bridge Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419
the fuse. Any damages incurred by such measures will
void the warranty. The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG)
Act is an implementation of the following EC directives:
Type of fuse: IEC 60127 - T2.5H 250V (Size 5 x 20 mm). ❙❙ 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) and
❙❙ 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain
1.11 Batteries and rechargeable batteries / cells hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipment (RoHS).
If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/
cells is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, pro- Once its lifetime has ended, this product should be dis-
duct users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or se- posed of separately from your household waste. The dis-
rious personal injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and re- posal at municipal collection sites for electronic equip-
chargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) ment is also not permitted. As mandated for all manufac-
must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard. turers by the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act (Ele-
ktroG), ROHDE & SCHWARZ assumes full responsibility for
1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed. the ecological disposal or the recycling at the end-of-life of
their products.
2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire.
Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided. Keep cells Please contact your local service partner to dispose of the
and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors product.
using a dry, clean cloth.

3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or

batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer
where they can short-circuit each other, or where they
can be short-circuited by other conductive materials.

6
 Introduction

2 Introduction
Section A

3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16
A

2.1 Front view

On the instrument frontside you can find the power key
1 , in order to switch on the instrument or enter stand by
Fig. 2.2:
mode. If the instrument is in stand by mode, this key light
Control
up red. If the instrument is switched off using the main po-
panel of
wer switch on the backside, the red light will also switch 5 8 11 14 17
section A.
off (this will take some seconds). Furthermore you find on
the front panel the control panel 2 , A , B , C , D , the BNC This section includes the CURSOR/MENU, ANALYZE and
connectors of the analog inputs 45 to 48 , the probe adjust- GENERAL sections.
ment output 51 , the bus signal source 50 ,the connectors for
the optional logic probe ¸HO3508 53 , a USB port for The CURSOR/MENU section includes cursor functions 8 ,
USB sticks 54 , the TFT screen 55 , the inputs for the com- universal knob 4 , Intens/Persist control switch 7 , the op-
ponent tester 52 and the LED 49 for showing activity on the tion to select the virtual screen 6 , the key for switching
remote interface. On two channel versions you can find the between fine and coarse resolution of the universal knob
AUX connector for external trigger at the right side. 3 and the key for the selection of virtual screen 5 . The
ANALYZE section allows users to directly access the FFT
Use the connectors for the active logic probes 53 exclusively for
displays 9 , the QUICK VIEW display 10 (all important pa-
the logic probes of type ¸HO3508. Connecting other types
rameters of the actual signal display), the PASS/FAIL mask
may demolish the input.
test and the AUTO MEASURE settings 11 . The GENERAL
section includes the Save/Recall key 12 . With this option,
2.2 Control panel you can control the settings to load and save instrument
The controls in the front panel allow access to all ba- settings, reference signals, traces and screenshots. Addi-
sic functions while advanced settings are easily acces- tional keys enable the user to access general settings 13
sible through the menu structure and gray soft menu keys. such as language, DISPLAY 14 , AUTOSET 15 as well as in-
The power button 1 is clearly set apart by its design. The tegrated HELP 16 and FILE/PRINT 17 . Depending on how
most significant controls feature colored LEDs, indicating it is programmed, FILE/PRINT enables you to directly save
the current setting. The control panel is divided into four instrument settings, traces or screenshots.
sections.

55 1 2 A

54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 B 46 C 45 D

Fig. 2.1: Frontview of the ¸HMO2024

7
Introduction

divisions. Small arrows on the left of the display [1] indicate

B Section B the reference potentials of the channels. The line above the
22 The VERTICAL section fea- graticule includes status and settings information such as
18 tures all controls for analog time base, trigger delay and other trigger conditions, the
23 channels, such as the position current sampling rate and the acquisition mode. [2]. The
19 control knob 18  , the XY and short menu to the right of the graticule contains the most
24 component test mode 19 , the important settings of the currently active channel. You may
vertical gain adjustment knob select these settings using the soft menu keys.[3].
25 20  , the advanced menu op-
20 tions key 21 , the channel se-
26 lect keys 22 to 25  , (the two-
channel versions have only 22
21 27
23  ) and the selection key for
the optional logic probes 24 (
25 ). You can also access the
MATH key 26 , the reference
C
signal settings and bus signal
settings key 27 .
28
Section C
The Trigger section inclu-
29 33 des all options to set the trig-
ger level 28 , to switch bet-
30 34
ween Auto and Normal mode
Fig. 2.4: Screen view
29 , to set the trigger type 31 ,
31 35
the source 32  , the single trig- Measurement results for automated measurements and
32 36 ger 33  , to switch the trigger cursors, settings for the activated vertical channels, re-
slope 35   and to set the trigger ference signals and mathematically derived curves are
signal filters 36   . Additionally, shown in the lower section of the screen [4]. Within the
you can find status indicators, graticule, signals of the selected channels are displayed.
D and you can see if a signal ful- By default, 8 scale divisions are shown. This can be exten-
37 fills the trigger conditions 30 ded virtually to 20 divisions which can be displayed using
38 41
and which slope is used 34 . the Scroll/Bar 5 key.

37
42 Section D
39 In the Horizontal sec- 2.4 General concept of instrument operation
tion, users can shift the trig- The general operating concept is based on a few key prin-
ger position horizontally or set cipals, recurring with various settings and functions:
43 and navigate markers manu-
ally, either step-by-step with ❙❙ Keys that do not open a soft menu (e.g. SCROLL BAR)
40
the keys 37 38 39 or alterna- activate a specific function; pressing this key a second
44
tively by using the smaller one time will deactivate this function.
of the knobs 41  . In the menu, ❙❙ Keys that open a soft menu when pressed once will close
Fig. 2.3: Control panel of you can also set search crite- the soft menu when pressed a second time.
section B, C and D ria for events. The illuminated ❙❙ Depending on the requirements, the universal knob in the
key 39 allows the selection of CURSOR/MENU section is designed to either select a
the Run and Stop mode. When the stop mode is selected, numeric value or to navigate through submenus.
the key will light up in red. 40 activates the zoom option, ❙❙ The MENU OFF key below the soft menu keys closes the
44   selects the acquisition modes, 43 adjusts the time base current menu or switches to the next higher level.
speed and 42 enables access to the time base menus. To ❙❙ Pressing the appropriate key will activate a deactivated
the left of the control panel, you also find the soft menu channel. If a channel was already activated, selecting
keys 2 to control the menu options. another channel will change operation to the channel
whose key was pressed (its LED lights up).
2.3 Screen ❙❙ If cursor measurements are activated, the COARSE/FINE
The R&S®HMO Compact series is equipped with a 6.5” key will select the cursor with the activated universal
(16.51 cm) TFT color monitor with LED backlight and VGA knob in the CURSOR/MENU section. This key is used to
resolution (640x480 pixels). In the default setting (no me- select or confirm input in all menus for alphanumerical
nus shown), the screen includes 12 scale divisions on the input and for the file manager.
time axis. If menus are shown, this will be reduced to 10

8
 Introduction

menu for the basic settings you can select the language
for user interface and help. The menu item INTERFACE ac-
tivates the menus to perform the interface configuration
(USB or Ethernet). The menu item PRINTER includes set-
tings for POSTSCRIPT and PCL compatible printers. When
pushing this soft menu key, a submenu opens allowing the
user to select the paper format and color mode. Using the
assigned soft menu key, the top menu item PAPER FOR-
MAT allows you to choose from A4, A5, B5, B6, Execu-
tive, Letter and Legal in either portrait or landscape for-
mat. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section
to select the appropriate format. Following the same se-
tup procedure, the menu item COLOR MODE allows you to
choose between Grayscale, Color and Inverted. The Gray-
scale mode converts the color image to a grayscale image
Fig. 2.5: Selection of basic soft Fig. 2.6: Basic soft menu elements which can be printed on a black-and-white postscript prin-
menu elements for settings and navigation ter. The Color mode prints the image in color as shown on
the screen (black background). The INVERTED mode prints
Fig. 2.7 shows, there are two basic soft menu parts. You the color image with a white background on a color printer
can select the respective element by pressing the corre- thus saving toner and ink.
sponding soft menu key, and the element will be marked
in blue. Alternatively, you can press the soft menu key to When using the INVERTED mode, you should set the intensity of
toggle between function options. The menus are used as the signals to about 70% to allow a high contrast print.
shown in Fig. 2.8. For functions that need to be activated
and require value selections, you may toggle between OFF The menu item DEVICE INFORMATION opens a window
and the set value (e.g. DC OFFSET function). The round ar- with detailed information on hardware and software of the
row in the menu window indicates that the value is to be measuring instrument. The soft menu key DEVICE NAME
set by means of the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU allows you to define a name with up to 19 characters which
control panel. If the respective function includes an additi- will be listed when screenshots are printed. The soft menu
onal menu level, it will be indicated by a small triangle on MENU allows you to select whether soft menus are to be
the bottom right of a menu item. If additional menu pages closed manually or automatically after 4-30s. Use the soft
are available, you can navigate these on the same level by menu key LOGO IN SCREENSHOT to determine whether
using the last menu item. It includes the number of menu the R&S logo displays on the top right corner of printouts or
pages on this level as well as the current page number. not. The soft menu UPDATE for the instrument and help up-
You can advance to the next page by pressing the approp- date and LICENCES to upgrade software options will be de-
riate soft menu key. Once the last page was listed, the dis- scribed in detail in the following chapters. The soft menu
play will loop back to the first page. DATE & TIME is used to set the date and time. The soft
menu SOUND is used to set the sound options. You can ac-
2.5 Basic settings and integrated help tivate a sound as beeping during setup, in the event of an
You can access important basic settings such as language error and for the triggers. The integrated help can be acti-
for user interface and help, general settings and interface vated by pushing the HELP key in the GENERAL section.
settings in the menu that opens when you press the SE- This opens a window with explanatory text. The text in the
TUP key in the GENERAL section. On the first page of the

Differences within the HMO Compact series 72x...202x

Unit Channels Bandwidth Vertical Settings at 1MOhm Input Impedance Offset Range
¸HMO722 2 70MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO724 4 70MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1022 2 100MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1024 4 100MHz 1 mV. to 10V/Div 1 MOhm -
¸HMO1522 2 150MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO1524 4 150MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO2022 2 200MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V
¸HMO2024 4 200MHz 1 mV to 5 V/Div 1 MOhm / 50 Ohm ±0.2 to ±20 V

For the complete and latest technical data of each oscilloscope of the HMO series please refer to
www.rohde-schwarz.com

Tab. 2.1: Differences HMO Compact series

9
Introduction

the existing firmware on the instrument is identical to the

latest version; otherwise the version number will be shown
in green. Only if this is the case, press the soft menu EXE-
CUTE to start the update. Choose the HELP menu item in
the Update menu if you intend to update the help or add a
new language for help.

Only 4 languages can be installed. If four language places are as-

signed and you wish to install another one, you first need to de-
lete one language.
The information window will now display all installed lan-
guages, the date and relevant information about the lan-
guages available on the stick. The soft menu allows you
to add, remove or update languages. Please note the date
format (YYYY-MM-DD) in compliance with multilingual
Fig. 2.7: Menu for basic settings help ISO 8601 standards.

help window is dynamically updated with descriptions of

the corresponding setting or function. If you no longer re-
quire help, push the HELP key to close the HELP option.
This will turn the LED indicator for the key off and the text
window for the help will close.

2.6 Updates to Instrument Firmware, Language

and Help

Fig: 2.9: Menu and information window for help udates

2.7 Options / Voucher

The R&S®HMO Compact series includes options which al-
low you to expand the range of application for the inst-
rument (such as bus analysis functions). At this time, op-
tions R&S®HOO10/HOO11/HOO12 resp. the upgrade vou-
chers R&S®HV110/HV111/HV112 are available. The bus ana-
lysis functions R&S®HOO10, R&S®HOO11 and R&S®HOO12
Fig: 2.8: Updating menu and information window
can be purchased ex factory with an instrument of the
The R&S®HMO Compact series is constantly being ad- R&S®HMO Compact series. The bus analysis upgrade vou-
vanced. You can download the current firmware at www. chers R&S®HV110, R&S®HV111 and R&S®HV112 allow for
rohde-schwarz.com. Firmware and help (if available) are an upgrade at a later date via licence key. The installed op-
packed in one ZIP file. Depending on the required extent of tions and vouchers can be verified under Device Informa-
the update, the ZIP file might include either all updates or tion in the SETUP menu.
simply the instrument firmware, for instance. After down-
loading the ZIP file, unpack the data to the base direc-
tory of a USB stick. Then connect the USB stick with the R&S®HMO
Upgrade
Description Compact series
USB port of the oscilloscope and press the SETUP key in Voucher2)
Options1)
the GENERAL section of the control panel. The menu item I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232 trigger and
UPDATE can be found on page 2|2. Selecting this menu decoding option on analog and digi- R&S®HOO10 R&S®HV110
tal channels
item opens a window displaying version number, date and
I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232 trigger and
build information of the currently installed firmware. Instru- decoding option on analog channels
R&S®HOO11 R&S®HV111
ment firmware or help can be updated at this point. Pres-
CAN/LIN trigger and decoding op-
sing the soft menu key update the instrument firmware tion on analog and digital channels
R&S®HOO12 R&S®HV112
will result in a search for the corresponding file on the USB
stick. The information for the new firmware to be installed Tab. 2.2: Overview R&S®HMO1002 Options / Voucher
will then be displayed on the stick below the row labeled 1) o nly when ordering with an instrument of the R&S®HMO Compact series
NEW:. The version number will be displayed in red in case 2) Activation of R&S®HMO Compact series options at later date via upgrade voucher

10
 Introduction

By default the R&S®HMO Compact series is equipped with

a dual interface USB/RS-232 (HO720). The following optio-
nal interface modules are available and may be installed by
the customer in the rear receptacle:
❙❙ HO730/HO732 (combination of Ethernet and USB with
integrated web server)
❙❙ HO740 (IEEE-488, GPIB, galvanically isolated)

All instruments of the R&S®HMO Compact series are pre-

pared for mixed-signal operation and have the appropri-
ate connectors on the front panel. Connecting an 8-chan-
nel logic probe R&S®HO3508 equips the scope with 8 logic
channels. Further options are the passive 500 MHz
10:1 probes of the type RT-ZP05, passive 1000:1 pro-
bes with up to 4000 V of the type HZO20, active 10:1 pro-
Fig. 2.10: „UPGRADE“ menu.
bes with <1 pF input capacity of the type HZO30, active
Once you have entered the voucher code on the difference amplifier probes HZ100, HZ109 and HZ115 with
homepage http://voucher.hameg.com, the licence key will up to 1000 Vrms and 40 MHz, active high speed differen-
be generated („SERIAL NUMBER.hlk“). The ASCII file may tial probes HZO40 and HZO41 with 200 or 800 MHz band-
be opened with an editor. This allows you to read the width, the current probes HZO50 and HZO51 with up to
actual key in plain text. You can choose between two 100 kHz bandwidth and up to 1000 A, the 19“ rack-mount
methods to enable the desired option with this key: an set HZO91 and the type HZO90 transport bag for the pro-
automated reading or manual input. The automated tection of the instruments.
reading via USB stick is the fastest and easiest method.
Store the licence file on a USB stick and then install it to 2.8 Self Alignment
the instrument using the FRONT USB port. Press the
The instrument must have reached the required operating tempe-
SETUP key in the GENERAL section of the HMO control
rature (switched on for at least 20 minutes) and all inputs must
panel to open the SETUP menu. You will find the LICENCE
be unused, in other words all cables and probes must be removed
menu on page 2|2. Press the soft menu key READ KEYS
from the inputs.
from licence file to open the file manager. Select the
required licence file with the universal knob in the The R&S®HMO Compact series features an integrated self
CURSOR/MENU section and then use the soft menu key alignment procedure to achieve the highest possible accu-
LOAD to load it. This will load the licence key, making the racy. During the standard self alignment the instrument ad-
option instantly available by restarting the instrument. justs vertical accuracy, offset, time base and several trig-
ger settings and saves the identified correction data inter-
nally. To start the self alignment in the SETUP menu, press
the soft menu key SELF ALIGNMENT and press the START
key. The procedure will run for about 5-10 minutes. Each
step and its corresponding progress will be shown in a bar
display.

Fig. 2.11: Manual licence key input.

Alternatively, you can enter the licence key manually.

Select the menu UPGRADE and press the soft menu key
INPUT KEY manually. This will open an input window. Use
the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section and the
ENTER key to enter the licence key manually. After
Fig. 2.12: Successful self alignment
entering the complete key, press the soft menu key
ACCEPT to confirm the entry. The option will be activated
after restarting the instrument.

11
Introduction

If an error occurs during the self alignment although it has been [2] [1]
carried out as described, please send the exported .log file (see
Self Alignment menu) to [email protected]
or [email protected]. You can save the .log file to a USB stick.

2.8.1 Logic Probe Self Alignment

The self alignment for the optional logic probe
R&S®HO3508 primarily aligns the switching levels. To start
the self alignment for the logic probe, it is necessary that
the logic probe type R&S®HO3508 is connected to the
R&S®HMO Compact series. It is imperative that the bit
connectors are not connected. To start the process, select [5] [4] [3] [6][7]
the menu item LOGIC PROBE in the SELF ALIGNMENT Fig. 2.14: Rear panel of the R&S®HMO2024
soft menu. The process is similar to the basic instrument
alignment but it only takes a few seconds. notebooks as these are also able to process a 640x480 pi-
xel resolution.

2.9.2 Y-Output connector

The output signal of the R&S®HMO Compact series shows a
small timeshift in the lower nano-seconds time domain.

The R&S®HMO Compact series has an additional BNC con-

nector (Y-Output) on the rear panel which is used to pass-
through and output the analog signal of the triggered
channel on the one hand or to send alarm pulses when er-
rors occur during mask tests (PASS / FAIL) on the other
hand (see chapter 9). This can be very useful for longterm
data-logging or if you want to trigger mask-fails during au-
tomated production or testing processes. The level of that
analog output signal is based on 200 mV/DIV (100 mV/
Fig. 2.13: Logic probe self alignment
DIV at 50 Ω) of the ADC (analog-digital-converter). The fol-
lowing screenshot will show a 15  kHz sine wave with a 2 V
2.9 Back Panel amplitude: CH1 (yellow) original signal, CH2 (blue) Y-Out
On the rear panel there are the main power switch [1], the signal.
receptacle for interface modules [2] (USB / RS-232, USB/
Ethernet, IEEE-488), the DVI-D connector [3] for the con-
nection of external monitors / projectors, the BNC connec-
tor for the Y output [4] (selected channel for triggering) and
the external trigger input [5]. With two-channel models this
connector is located on the front panel. You can also find
an additional USB port [6] and the main power input [7].

2.9.1 DVI Connector

The connection to current HDTVs via HDMI adapter can be prob-
lematically. The most television sets expect an HDTV signal of at
least 720p as input signal.

The rear panel of the oscilloscope includes a standard DVI-

D connector to connect external monitors and projec-
tors. The DVI-D connector can only send digital signals.
Fig. 2.15: Y-Out signal
This means it is impossible to connect monitors or bea-
mers via their analog inputs. The R&S®HMO Compact se-
ries yields a DVI signal with VGA resolution (640x480). This
design enables connectivity with all standard TFT moni-
tors. Modern flat screens extrapolate the signal, allowing
users to see a full screen. Beamers can also be connec-
ted to the R&S®HMO Compact series. Ideal beamers in this
case are those designed to be connected to computers /

12
 Quick Start Guide

3 Quick Start Guide

DC. Briefly press the AUTOSET key once 15 .

The following chapter is an introduction to the most impor-

tant R&S®HMO Compact series features and settings al-
lowing you to use the instrument promptly. The integrated
calibrator signal output is used as the signal source which
means that the first steps will not require any additional
instruments.

3.1 Setting up and turning the instrument on

To optimally set up the instrument, position the handle so
that the display will be inclined slightly upwards. Plug the
power cord into the rear panel connector 1 on the front
panel. The display appears after a few seconds, and the
oscilloscope is ready for operation. Press the AUTOSET Fig. 3.3: Screen display after changing to DC coupling

key 15 until a beep. This will reset the most important os-
cilloscope settings to their default settings. After a few seconds, the oscilloscope will have automati-
cally selected the sensitivity, time base and trigger settings. A
3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16
square wave signal will now be shown.
A

Fig. 3.1:
Control
panel of
5 8 11 14 17
section A

3.2 Connection of a probe and signal capture

Make sure to align the passive probes prior to their first use. For
more information, please refer to the probe manual. Place the
probe in the appropriate position on the ADJ. output.

Take one of the provided probes and remove the protective Fig. 3.4: Screen display after Autosetup
cap from the tip. Apply the probe compensation box to the
BNC connector for channel 1 and turn it to the right until it lat-
ches into place. On the right hand side of the screen, you will 3.3 Display of signal
see the short menu for channel 1. Press the soft menu key to D details
the right of each menu item to select frequently used settings. 37 With the time base knob 43
Press the top soft menu key to change the input coupling to 38 41 you can change the displayed
time window. Turning it CCW
37
42 increases the time base. Con-
39 tinue to turn the knob CCW
until you can read “TB:5ms”
in the upper left corner of
43
the screen. Press the ZOOM
key 40 . You will see the two
40
window display: The upper
44
section of the window dis-
plays the entire captured sig-
Fig. 3.5: Area of the control panel
nal whereas the lower sec-
containing the ZOOM knob
tion shows an enlarged sec-
tion. Use the time base knob
to select the zoom factor. The small knob allows you to de-
termine the horizontal position of the section. Press the
Fig. 3.2: Screen display after connection of the probe ZOOM key 40 again to deactivate the zoom mode.

13
Quick Start Guide

3.5 Automatic Measurements

In addition to cursor measurements the most important si-
gnal parameters can be displayed. Your oscilloscope offers
these possibilities:
❙❙ Display definition of 6 parameters from varying sources
❙❙ Quick display of all important parameters of one source
by use of the QUICK VIEW feature

Fig. 3.6: Zoom function

3.4 Cursor Measurements

After displaying and reviewing the signal, the next step
will introduce cursor measurements of the signal. Again,
briefly press the AUTOSET key once followed by the CUR-
SOR/MEASURE key. You can now select the desired type
of measurement cursor from the menu. Press the soft Fig. 3.8: Quick View parameter measurement
menu key MEASURE TYPE to open the appropriate selec-
tion menu. You can specify your selection with the uni- Please change the time base to 100 µs per scale division
versal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section of the con- and press the QuickView 10 key. You will see the most im-
trol panel. Turn the knob CCW until the entry V mar- portant parameters of a signal displayed:
ker is marked in blue. Press the MENU OFF key to close ❙❙ positive and negative peak voltages
the menu or wait until it automatically closes after a few ❙❙ rise and fall times
seconds. ❙❙ mean voltage

Now two cursors will be shown along the signal as well 10 additional parameters are shown below the grid:
as the measurement results on the bottom of the display. ❙❙ RMS, peak-peak voltage,
Press the universal knob to select the active cursor and ❙❙ frequency, period,
turn the universal knob to position the cursor. The cursor ❙❙ amplitude, number of rising edges,
measurement results will be shown on the bottom of the ❙❙ pos. pulse width, neg. pulse width,
display. In this example with the entry “V marker”, the dis- ❙❙ pos. duty cycle, neg. duty cycle.
play includes the voltage at both cursor positions, their dif-
ference, and the time difference between the cursor posi- With just one key, you can view all available parameters si-
tions. To switch off the cursor, press the Cursor Mea- multaneously that characterize the signal. This feature al-
sure key again. ways applies to the currently active display channel. You
may also display parameters for several signals. For this

Fig. 3.7: Cursor measurements

Fig. 3.9: Auto Measure menu

14
 Quick Start Guide

option, press the Quickview 10 key twice to deactivate this

mode, press the CH2 key 23 to activate CH2 and press the
Auto Measure 11 key to open the menu as displayed
below. Pressing the MEAS. PLACE soft key will display a
list. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section
to choose the appropriate measurement place. The para-
meters will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. This
menu allows you to define the parameters.

Fig. 3.12: Measuring the parameters of two sources

lows you to select the first operand. With the key below,
you can select the operator. The soft menu key below that
allows you to select the second operand. Only activated
and displayed channels are available for the operands. The
sources selected in the function must be activated so that
the mathematical graph can be calculated and the result
Fig. 3.10: Selection of parameters signals can be displayed. Press the bottom soft menu key
FORMULARY. This opens the formula editor to select and
Press the CH2 key in the VERTICAL section. This will ac- define 5 sets of formulas with up to 5 mathematical func-
tivate CH2. Press the AUTOMEASURE key to return to tions each.
the definition menu. Select Measurement Place 1, select
Mean as measurement type and CH1 as source. Press the To change the settings, use the soft menu keys and the
MEAS. PLACE soft menu key on top to select the second universal knob 4 . You can define and store the most fre-
measurement place. Define the measurement place as be- quently used formulas. After selecting the desired formula
fore as RMS value with the voltage of CH2. Once the menu and pressing the soft menu key EDIT, you can edit indivi-
is closed, parameters can be easily identified by the colors dual formula functions. Once a mathematical function has
of the respective source signal (in this instance, yellow for been defined and activated by pressing the soft menu key
channel 1 and blue for channel 2). VISIBLE (ON), the short menu for the mathematical func-
tions will display this function. The graph will be marked in
3.6 Mathematical functions the short menu by a red dot. The sources selected in the
In addition to cursor and automatic measurements, the function must be activated so that the mathematical graph
R&S®HMO Compact series can also apply mathematical can be calculated and the result signals can be displayed.
operations to the signals. Pressing the MATH 26 key opens
a menu enabling you to apply addition, subtraction, multi- 3.7 Storing data
plication or division to two analog channels. This also dis- The R&S®HMO Compact series is able to store 5 different
plays the mathematical graph. The top soft menu key al- types of data:
❙❙ Device settings
❙❙ Reference signals
❙❙ Traces
❙❙ Screenshots
❙❙ Formularies

Out of these data types, signals and screen displays can only
be stored on a USB stick. All other data types can be stored
on a USB stick or internally in the instrument to non-vola-
tile storage media. To store data you have to define the data
type and the destination to be used for storing. First attach
a USB stick to the front USB connector of your oscilloscope.
Press the Save/Recall 12 key to open the respective menu.
Select the type of data you wish to store by pressing the re-
spective soft menu key (in this example SCREENSHOTS).
Fig. 3.11: Formula editor This will open the settings menu. In the top menu make sure

15
Quick Start Guide

Press the soft menu key ACCEPT. The oscilloscope accepts

the name and returns to the settings menu. Here you can
store the current image by pressing the soft menu key SAVE.
Alternatively, you can move up one level in the menu by
using the OFF key on the bottom and select the menu item
FILE/PRINT. In the following menu press the soft menu key
SCREENSHOTS. This will assign the function Screenshot to
the FILE/PRINT 17 key with the selected settings. This enab-
les you to generate a screenshot on your USB stick by pres-
sing the FILE/PRINT key at any given time using any menu.

Fig. 3.13: Save/Recall menu

that Storage Front is selected. Press the soft menu key to

open the menu where you can select these settings. It is im-
portant to connect a USB stick with the front USB connec-
tor of your oscilloscope which must be recognized by your
instrument. Pressing the soft menu key SAVE allows you to
save a screenshot using the default file name (the current
file name is displayed in the menu item FILE NAME). You
can also select a name for the target file with up to 8 charac-
ters. Select the menu item FILE NAME and use the universal
knob to enter the name (in this example “TRC”).
Fig. 3.15: Defining a file name

Fig. 3.14: Menu Screenshots

16
 PASS/FAIL

Vertical system

1.0
4 Vertical system
This should only be used with DC coupling. For all gene-
5800.3515.00 - ral applications, the probes supplied with the instrument
will be used. The probes are specified for 1 MΩ inputs.
With the HMO72x and HMO102x the RT-ZP03 probe is in-
You can select vertical set- cluded in delivery which offers 10:1 / 1:1 switchable at-
tings using knobs for the ver- B tenuation. The attenuation setting has to be set manually
HMO724+1024 - TXT - 29.09.2014

tical position and the sensiti- in the channel menu. The HMO152x and HMO202x are
HMO 72x/202x - 4CH, RAL5014

22
HMO 72x/202x- 4CH, RAL7047

vity. You may also use a menu 18 delivered with the HZO10 probe. The HZO10 probe has
that is permanently displayed 23 an automatic attenuation 10:1 and an input impedance of
as well as an advanced menu. 19 10MΩ.
You can select for which 24
Passive probes have be adjusted. Please refer to to the probe ma-
channel you want the set-
nual for the adjustment procedure.
tings to be activated by pres- 25
sing the respective channel 20
The PROBE ADJUST output of the oscilloscope is only suitable
key (CH1...CH4). Once a chan- 26
for 1:1 and 1:10 probes. 100:1 or 1000:1 probes require special
nel has been activated, the generators! Use the shortest possible ground connection to the
21 27
key will be marked by a co- PROBE ADJUST output as shown in Fig. 4.3.
lored LED light. Additionally,
the screen display will include Fig. 4.1: Front panel area with
a frame around the activated vertical system controls
channel with a frame and a
color brighter than that of deactivated channels. The cor-
responding short menu is always visible and you can push
the Menu 21 key to activate the advanced menu.
Fig. 4.3: Probe
max. connection to the
10 Vpk BUS SIGNAL
USE RECOMMENDED PROBE ONLY SOURCE probe adjust output

You can set the coupling using the short menu or channel
menu. Simply press the respective soft menu key to set
the coupling and the graphic inversion of the input chan-
1 MΩ II 14 pF
nel. The menu applies to the corresponding active channel.
max.
200 Vpk
The illuminated channel key indicates which channel is ac-
tive. You can switch between channels by pressing the re-
BUS SIGNAL
USE RECOMMENDED PROBE ONLY
spective channel key.
SOURCE

4.2 Sensitivity, Y-Positioning, and Offset

You can select the sensitivity of the analog inputs by using
the knob in the VERTICAL section (VOLTS/DIV) in 1-2-5
Fig. 4.2: Short menu for the vertical settings
steps of 1mV/div to 10V/div. The knob is associated with
the active channel (push the respective channel key to ac-
tivate the desired channel). Pushing the knob once will
4.1 Coupling switch to a continuous sensitivity setting. You can use the
The analog channels have an input impedance of 1 MΩ smaller knob in the VERTICAL section (POSITION) to de-
or 50Ω with R&S®HMO152x and R&S®HMO202x. The termine vertical settings for the active channel. Press the
R&S®HMO72x resp. R&S®HMO102x have only an input im- MENU key to access advanced options. On page 2|2 of
pedance of 1 MΩ. this menu, you can add a DESKEW. To activate this off-
. set push the corresponding soft menu key. You can set the
Do not connect the 50 Ω inputs to effective voltage higher than 5V.
offset value using the universal knob or the KEYPAD key
The 50 Ω input impedance should only be selected if the in the CURSOR/MENU section. Each analog channel may
signal source is 50 Ω, e.g. a generator with a 50 Ω output be shifted in time by ±15 ns. This deskew setting is used to
where the termination within the scope is to be used. In compensate different signal delays when using different
all other cases 1 MΩ is to be selected. The user determi- cable lengths or probes.
nes if DC coupling or AC coupling is to be used. With DC
coupling, the DC voltage of the signal will be displayed. 4.3 Bandwidth Limit and Signal Inversion
With AC coupling, an input filter of 2 Hz suppresses the Both the short menu and the advanced menu enable you
display of DC voltage. Signals of up to 200 Vrms may be to insert an analog 20 MHz low pass filter to the signal
connected directly to 1 MΩ inputs. Higher voltages can be path. This will eliminate all higher frequency interference.
measured with external probes (up to 40 kV peak voltage). To activate the filter in the short menu, press the respec-

17
Vertical system

tive soft menu key BWL. In the advanced channel MENU 4.6 Name a channel
the bandwidth limit will be set with the soft menu key The last entry NAME in the VERTICAL menu opens a sub-
BANDWIDTH. Once the filter is activated, the menu item menu which allows you to enter a channel name. This
will be marked in blue, and the identifier BW will be dis- name will be displayed on the grid and the printout. Your
played in the channel information window. Signal inversion first option is to switch the display on (ON) or off (OFF).
is available in the short menu and the advanced menu in The next option includes the menu item LIBRARY. After
the VERTICAL section. An activated filter will be indicated selecting this option, you can use the universal knob to
in blue in the menu and by a bar above the channel name. choose a name from several suggestions. The EDIT LABEL
key allows you to enter a completely new name or to cus-
4.4 Probe Attenuation and Unit Selection tomize the suggested name. You may enter up to 8 charac-
(Volt/Ampere) ters. Use the ACCEPT key to confirm the name in the edi-
The HZO10 or optional RT-ZP05 probes are recognized by tor. It will then be shown in the display. The name is assig-
the instrument which automatically selects the appropri- ned to that specific signal and will move alongside any set
ate attenuation factor. If any other probe without automatic offset value.
attenuation or just a cable is connected to the instrument,
you can manually set the attenuation factor in the advan-
ced menu in the VERTICAL section. This is possible with
the predefined steps x1, x10, x100, x1000 or, using the uni-
versal knob or the KEYPAD key, as defined by the user
from x0.001 to x1000.

In this menu, you can also select the unit Ampere in case
you are using a current probe. If you select the unit Am-
pere (A), the menu shows the most common factors (1V/A,
100mV/A, 10mV/A, 1mV/A). You may also use the USER
setting to select any given value. You can set the value
using the universal knob or the KEYPAD key in the CUR-
SOR/MENU section. This setting may also be used to mea-
sure the voltage via shunt. All measurements are always
displayed with the correct unit and scale.
Fig. 4.5: Name selection

4.5 Threshold Setting

On page 2|2 in the advanced menu in the VERTICAL sec-
tion you can set a threshold. This threshold defines the
level to detect a High or a Low if analog channels are used
as source for the serial bus analysis or logic trigger. After
selecting this soft menu item, you can set the threshold
using the universal knob or the KEYPAD key.

Fig. 4.4: Threshold setting and name allocation

18
 Horizontal System

5 Horizontal System
5.3 Acquisition modes
The acquisition modes are selected by pressing the AC-
QUIRE 44 key. This opens a display menu which offers the
following acquisition modes:
In the horizontal system
section, users can select time D 5.3.1 Refresh
base settings for capturing, 37 This mode allows the capture and display of current
trigger time position, zoom 38 41 signals.
functions, acquisition modes,
37
marker functions and search 42 5.3.2 Roll
functions. Knobs allow you to 39 This acquisition mode is intended specifically for very
set time base and trigger time slow signals, with the untriggered signal „rolling“ across
position. A menu enables you the screen from right to left (requires signals slower than
43
to select the desired acquisi- 200 kHz). The R&S®HMO Compact series uses a ring buffer
tion mode. A separate key is 40
to store the signal values in roll mode. Simply put, the ins-
available to activate the zoom. 44 trument writes the first division to the first storage space,
Use the arrow keys 37 the second division to the second storage space, etc.
and the SET/CLR key to select Once the storage is full, the instrument overwrites the first
Fig. 5.1: Control panel of the
marker functions. storage space with the data of the most recent measure-
horizontal system
ment value. This creates a „ring“ or cycle run, similar to a
ticker.
5.1 Acquisition modes RUN and STOP
The acquisition mode can be selected with the RUN/STOP The ZOOM feature is not available in the roll mode (also refer to
key 39 In Run mode signals are shown on the screen ac- Chap. 5.5 ZOOM Function)
cording to the selected trigger conditions, discarding pre-
viously captured signals with each new capture. If you 5.3.3 Envelope
wish to analyze a captured signal on the screen without In this mode, you can use the universal knob in the Cursor/
overwriting it, capture must be stopped by pressing the Menu section of the control panel to set the number of si-
RUN/STOP key. While in STOP mode, you may not capture gnal periods for averaging, available in powers of 2 from 2
new signals and the key is illuminated in red. to 1024 (requires repetitive signals).

5.2 Time base setting 5.3.4 Average

The TIME/DIV knob in the Horizontal section of the In this mode, you can use the universal knob in the Cursor/
control panel is used to change the time base. The current Menu section of the control panel to set the number of sig-
time base setting (e.g.”TB: 500 ns”) is displayed in the up- nal periods for averaging, available in powers of 2 from 2
per right above the graticule. To the right of the display you to 1024 (requires repetitive signals).
can see the trigger time position in relation to the default
setting. The default setting shows the trigger time posi- 5.3.5 Filter
tion in the center of the display, with 50% of the signal dis- In this mode, you can activate a low pass filter with ad-
play before and 50% after this trigger position. The X-PO- justable cut off frequency to suppress unwanted high fre-
SITION knob 41 allows continuous adjustment of the x po- quency interferences. The cut off frequency can be set
sition. The maximum values allowed depend on the time based on the sampling frequency. The minimum setting is
base setting. 1/100 of the sampling frequency and the maximum value
is 1/4 of the sampling rate. You can select this setting with
Pushing the SET/CLR key resets the value to its reference the universal knob.
position as long as the marker or search functions have not
been applied. The arrow keys 37 allow you to change 5.3.6 Peak Detect
the X position by a fixed amount of 5 divisions in the res- This mode is used for very large time base settings to de-
pective direction. The MENU 42 key opens a menu to de- tect even short signal changes. You can also deactivate
termine the function for the arrow keys 37 and the this function within the menu (OFF) or you can select the
SET/CLR key. As described above, these keys allow you to automatic switching mode (AUTO). The following condi-
set the X position. Alternatively, you can use them to mark tions must be met to activate the PEAK DETECT mode:
events within the signal with the option to navigate bet- ❙❙ Function HIGH RESOLUTION is deactivated
ween up to 8 markers. In the submenu NUMERIC INPUT ❙❙ None of the serial or parallel buses are active
you can enter any horizontal position directly. This menu
also allows you to activate and set search functions. You During peak detection, the oscilloscope distinguishes bet-
can also set the TIME REFERENCE (position for the trig- ween two types:
ger reference point, from -5 divisions to +5 divisions with 0
being the center and default setting).

19
Horizontal System

❙❙ Acquisition peak detection: 5.3.8 Interpolation

Each A/D converter converts at the full sampling rate (no With the soft menu item INTERPOLATION users can se-
Interlace mode), even if results have not been written to lect Sinx/x, Linear or Sample-Hold as interpolation type to
the acquisition memory at full sampling rate (for slow time display acquired data points. The default setting is Sinx/x
bases, for instance). If peak detection is activated, unused interpolation which is the best option for displaying analog
converter values will be evaluated to detect minimum and signals. Linear interpolation (LINEAR) uses a line to con-
maximum amplitudes. During this process, the identified nect acquired data points. Sample-Hold allows a more
minimum and maximum values including sampling precise assessment of the position for the acquired data
interval are written to the acquisition memory. As a result, points.
the acquisition memory stores data pairs representing the
signal sequence according to the sampling interval. The 5.3.9 Waveform Rate
smallest detectable pulse is the period of the maximum This soft menu item provides the following functions.
sampling rate (no Interlace mode). This describes the
so-called acquisition peak detection. 5.3.9.1 MAX. WFM RATE
❙❙ Memory peak detection: This mode allows you to select the memory depth and
A hardware peak detection is not available if data is sampling rate to obtain the maximum trigger repeat rate.
written to the acquisition memory at the ADC‘s maximum This mode allows you to select the memory depth and
sample rate. For slow time bases and the record mode is sampling rate to obtain the maximum trigger repeat rate.
set to automatic or MA.WFM.RATE, not all data from When using the MAX. WAVEFORM RATE mode, the oscil-
the acquisition memory will display on the screen. With loscope is set to display the maximum amount of captures
peak detection activated when reading out, skipped data per second in the signal window. Each column in the sig-
will be used to create a minimum and maximum value. nal window displays a captured date. When peak detection
The smallest detectable pulse is the period of the sample is activated, each column displays a pair of min/max va-
rate used to write to the acquisition memory. This lues. The R&S®HMO Compact series displays a signal win-
describes the so-called memory peak detection. dow of 600x400 pixels (Yt without zoom). This translates
into 600 data points per detection. When peak detection is
If one of the peak detection modes or a combination of activated, 600 pairs of min/max values or 1,200 data values
the two are used, the corresponding detection mode is are displayed. The memory depth corresponds to at least
marked with „PD“ in the upper right of the display. the displayed time window (time base x signal window grid
section in horizontal direction) multiplied by the current
5.3.7 High Resolution sampling rate. The minimum value is determined by the
This mode uses Boxcar Averaging via adjacent detection maximum sampling rate and the maximum signal repeat
points (i.e. the converter runs at the maximum sampling rate of the oscilloscope. The displayed sampling rate corre-
rate) to increase the vertical resolution to up to 10 bit. You sponds to the current sampling rate divided by the amount
can deactivate this function within the menu (OFF) or you of data skipped while reading out from the acquisition me-
can select the automatic switching mode (AUTO). mory. If peak detection is activated, the displayed sampling
rate corresponds to the current sampling rate.
Averaging several adjacent sampling rates creates a va-
lue with a higher degree of accuracy than the input data.
The resulting data is called high resolution data. The pro-
cess of merging multiple sampling rates to one new va-
lue only allows a sampling rate that is smaller than the ma-
ximum value. If the HIGH RESOLUTION mode is activated
and the current instrument setting allows the use of the
HIGH RESOLUTION mode, the detection mode is marked
with „HR“ in the upper right of the display. The following
requirements must be met to activate the HIGH RESOLU-
TION mode:
❙❙ Sampling rate is smaller than the maximum sampling rate
(no Interlace mode)
❙❙ Peak detection is deactivated
❙❙ No active logic pod
Fig. 5.2: AM modulated signal with maximum repeat rate
❙❙ None of the serial or parallel buses are active

By default, all functions listed above are deactivated. 5.3.8.2 MAX. SAMPL. RATE
If this function is activated, the instrument always sets the
maximum sampling rate while using the maximum me-
mory available. The MAX. SAMPLE RATE function always
uses the maximum sampling rate and displays the maxi-

20
 Horizontal System

Fig.5.3: AM modulated signal with maximum sampling rate

Fig. 5.4: AM modulated signal with automatic setting
mum amount of data. Each column in the signal window
displays up to 40 detected data values (limited by proces- mory). The displayed sampling rate corresponds to the cur-
sor performance). How much data is currently displayed rent sampling rate divided by the amount of data skipped
depends on the displayed time window and the current while loading from the acquisition memory. If peak detec-
sampling rate. If peak detection is activated, each co- tion is activated, the displayed sampling rate corresponds
lumn displays up to 20 pairs of min/max values. The me- to the current sampling rate.
mory depth always corresponds to the maximum acquisi-
tion memory. The displayed sampling rate is identical with All settings apply the identical current sampling rate (sam-
the current sampling rate. Peak detection is used if the dis- pling rate used to write to the acquisition memory). In
played time window contains more data than 40 * signal STOP mode it is also possible to change menu items.
window columns in the acquisition memory or min/max This does not impact the current memory depth but the
data in the acquisition memory. amount of displayed data will be adjusted. Peak detec-
tion is also activated in STOP mode (time base in micro-
The entire oscilloscope memory can only be read out in STOP seconds). In time bases displaying each sampling point,
mode if the maximum sampling rate has been activated. all three settings behave identically (except used memory
depth and signal update rate). Table 5.1 displays advanta-
5.3.8.3 AUTOMATIC ges and disadvantages of each setting. Finally, it needs to
This function is the default setting and offers the best be mentioned that this menu replaces the adjustable me-
compromise between maximum repeat rate and maximum mory depth, a standard for other manufacturers. An adjus-
sampling rate (selection of memory depth). Each column in table memory depth is intended to allow users to under-
the signal window displays up to 10 captured data values. stand the relation between memory depth, time base and
How much data is currently displayed depends on the dis- sampling rate and to evaluate advantages and disadvanta-
played time window and the current sampling rate. When ges. With this option, the oscilloscope always captures si-
peak detection is activated, each column displays up to gnals with the maximum sampling rate. This allows users
5 pairs of min/max values. The memory depth is at least in STOP mode to zoom in retrospectively, even at the ma-
twice as much as the storage capacity set for the maxi- ximum repeat rate. It is also possible to zoom out at the
mum repeat rate (limited by the maximum acquisition me- maximum repeat rate if the STOP mode was run at fast

Setting Advantages Disadvantages Application

Max. Waveform Rate ıı Many captures in one image ıı High aliasing risk ıı Search for rare events
ıı Rare events can be detected more ıı Low accuracy of details ıı Displaying modulated signals
quickly in connection with per- ıı Low accuracy of measurements
sistence due to reduced amount of data
ıı Quick response to Operation or
change in signal
ıı Low noise band
Maximum Sampling Rate ıı Maximum accuracy of details ıı Slow response to operation or ıı For signals with high frequency
ıı Lowest aliasing risk change in signal parts
ıı High accuracy of measurements ıı Low signal update rate ıı Assessment of small signal
ıı Higher visibility of noise details
Automatic: ıı Average signal update rate ıı Possible aliasing ıı Default application
ıı Reasonably smooth operation
ıı Good accuracy of measurements
ıı Low noise band

Tab. 5.1: Advantages and disadvantages of each setting

21
Horizontal System

time bases. If a high repeat rate can only be attained by

means of low memory depth (as is the case with other ma-
nufacturers) it is nearly impossible to zoom in retrospec-
tively in STOP mode.

5.4 Interlace Mode

In interlace mode, ADC and storage of two channels are
connected. This doubles the sampling rate and the acqui-
sition memory. Interlace groups are channels 1 and 2 and
channels 3 and 4. If an interlace group is not interlace-ca-
pable, the non-interlace mode is also applied to the related
group. A channel is considered active even if it has been
deactivated while still serving as the trigger source. If a
channel is activated, the respective LED next to the input
connector is illuminated. The following conditions must be
met to activate the Interlace mode: Fig. 5.5: Zoom function
❙❙ No active logic pod
❙❙ None of the serial or parallel buses are active the zoom window is marked in white. The large knob in
❙❙ Logic trigger not active the horizontal menu is used to change the zoom fac-
tor. You can also press this knob. If the knob is pushed, the
The interlace mode will be activated automatically. The fol- time base setting is highlighted in white and the zoom time
lowing table shows the channel configurations that allow base in gray. Now the knob is available to select the time
the operation in interlace mode. base setting. This allows you to change time base settings
without having to leave the zoom mode. Pressing the knob
Interlace group 1 Interlace group 2 again will highlight the cursors limiting the zoom area in
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 white, allowing you to use the knob to change the zoom
ON Off Off Off area. Now you can use the small knob in the horizontal
Off ON Off Off
area of the control panel to move the position of the zoo-
Off Off ON Off
med section across the entire signal. As described above,
pressing the large knob enables you to set the time base
Off Off Off ON
but not the zoom factor. This in turn enables the small
ON Off ON Off
knob to move the trigger position to define the relationship
Off ON ON Off
of pre- and post captures/records.
Off ON Off ON

Tab. 5.2: Channel configuration in interlace mode

The ZOOM function is not available in ROLL mode.

In the acquisition mode ROLL, it is generally not possi-

5.5 ZOOM function ble to zoom in on the memory because the signal values
The R&S®HMO Compact series features a memory depth of the X axis are always captured with the maximum me-
of 1 MByte per channel. This allows the user to record mory depth. The acquisition mode NORMAL always inclu-
long and complex signals which can be analyzed in full de- des more samples in the memory than what can be shown
tail with the Zoom function. To activate this feature, press in the display. That explains why in this mode you are able
the ZOOM key 40 . The screen will be divided into two sec- to zoom in on the memory. The same does not apply to
tions. The upper window displays the entire time base win- the values in the Y axis (amplitude). These values apply to
dow whereas the lower graticule shows an enlarged sec- a specified axis and can therefore also be scaled in ROLL
tion of the upper window. The enlarged signal section is mode.
marked by two blue cursors in the original signal (upper
window). If several channels are activated in Zoom mode, 5.6 Navigation Function
all displayed channels will be zoomed simultaneously by The X-POS. function (MENU key in the HORIZONTAL sec-
the same factor and at the identical position. Fig. 5.5 dis- tion) offers easy trigger time handling and allows it to be
plays the Zoom window with 100 µs per division. The sig- entered numerically. The soft menu keys allow you to set
nal was captured within a time window of 12ms. The zoom the trigger time to the minimum or the maximum value,
area (lower grid) also displays the parameter for zoom time for instance. You can use the soft menu key TIME REFE-
base whereas time is displayed above the zoom window. RENCE to define where in the signal window to find the
Z indicates the zoom time base (zoom factor) and deter- trigger point value “0”. The signal is scaled by this refe-
mines the width of the zoom area displayed in the zoom rence point. You can use the universal knob in the Cur-
window (10 divisions x scaling per division). Tz indicates sor/Menu section to select the desired setting.
the zoom time and determines the position of the zoom
area. The time base setting in the upper right of the dis-
play is highlighted in gray while the zoom time base above

22
 Horizontal System

5.7 Marker Function is activated, you can define events, e.g. a rise time with
Markers allow you to highlight specific positions on the specific attributes. The search function will check these
screen, e.g. a rising or falling slope, an unexpected sig- events in STOP mode. Press the menu item SEARCH TYPE
nal value or a search result. Markers can be used to iden- and use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section
tify specific signal sections to zoom in on and to analyze to select the desired search criteria. The following func-
the data more closely. Use the soft menu to activate the tions are available:
marker function. Press the MENU key in the HORIZON- ❙❙ Slope: Comparable to the slope trigger; this function
TAL section to open the soft menu. Use the universal knob searches for slopes in the signal. The point in time of a
in the menu to select MARKER. Once this mode is acti- detected slope corresponds to the point in time when the
vated, you can press the SET/CLR key to set a time mar- signal leaves the set hysteresis. The soft key LEVEL
ker at the 6th time unit (the menu in the center of the grid selects a level for the slope detection of the search
must be deactivated). The time markers are marked by a function. The search function level matches the trigger
vertical line in gray-blue. The knob X Position allows you to level of the slope trigger, for instance. Level and hysteresis
move the signal including the set marker. After identifying will display in the signal window. The hysteresis
an important signal position and setting it to the center of determines the area that the signal has to pass until a
the screen using the position knob, you can set an additi- valid slope is detected. This area also defines the rise time
onal marker. This procedure allows you to mark up to 8 in- of the slope. It is recommended to select a sufficiently
teresting positions within the signal. You can toggle bet- large hysteresis to reduce noise on the signal slope.
ween markers by pressing the arrow keys 37 . These ❙❙ Pulse: Comparable to the pulse width trigger; this function
keys also allow you to center the markers in the middle of searches for pulses with a predetermined pulse width. A
the screen. This feature enables you to quickly compare pulse always consists of a rising and a falling slope.
marked signal sections in ZOOM mode. To delete a marker, Leaving the hysteresis defines the start and end time of the
center it in the middle of the screen and press the SET/CLR pulse. The level for the search function corresponds to the
key once again. You can also delete all time markers simul- trigger level of the slope trigger, for instance. Level and
taneously in the marker soft menu. With the soft menu hysteresis will display in the signal window. The adjustable
key TRIGGER TIME TO ZERO the triger time can be set to comparison type is a search criterium for the detected time
0 s. Additionally, CLEAR ALL MARKER removes all defined event width. The pulse width is the time period between
time stamp markers. start and stop slope of the pulse.
❙❙ Peak: The peak search function searches for pulses
within the signal. The time of the event is the maximum
value of the peak.
❙❙ Rise time / fall time: This function searches for slopes
with a specific rise/fall time within the signal. The point in
time of a detected slope corresponds to the point in time
when the signal leaves the set hysteresis. The upper and
lower level define the upper/lower position of the
hysteresis. The adjusted level will display in the signal
window. The adjustable comparison type is a search
criterium for the detected time event width.
❙❙ Runt: A runt is an aborted pulse within a signal. This
occurs when the rise times of the system are greater than
necessary for the desired pulse width. A positive runt
exceeds the lower level of the hysteresis, for instance, but
does not reach the upper level. The analyzing digital
Fig. 5.6: Marker in zoom mode
circuits of this signal fail to detect the pulse which leads to
transmission errors. The pulse width of the runt is defined
5.8 Search Function
 by the entry and exit point from the hysteresis (duration
The search function of the R&S®HMO Compact series ena- between start and stop slope of the pulse). The adjustable
bles you to search for all slopes, pulse widths, peaks or ad- comparison type is a search criterium for the detected
ditional events in the detection mode that match the ma- time event width. The difference defines the maximum
nually specified search criteria. Specific settings are availa- time range by which the specified event width may vary.
ble for each search type. Searches can be performed on
any analog channel or mathematical signal. The searched Once you have selected the appropriate search type, you
time base section can be restricted by defining a level. can choose the desired SOURCE (choose from any of the
activated analog channels including mathematical chan-
Press the MENU key in the HORIZONTAL section of the nels). Use the menu item SETUP to open a submenu
control panel to activate the search function in the soft where you can choose the settings for the selected search
menu. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU sec- criterium (e.g. greater than a specific pulse width). Some
tion to select the menu item SEARCH. Once this mode of the adjustable parameters may be dependent on the

23
Horizontal System

6 Trigger System
time base (for a time base of 100 μs/Div the smallest time
is 2 μs, for 1 μs/Div the corresponding time value is 20 ns).
If events match the search criterium, they will be highligh-
ted. The soft menu VIEW EVENT TABLE allows you to dis-
play the search results in a table format. Use the arrow The trigger system of the
keys or the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section R&S®HMO Compact series C
to navigate the events in STOP mode. SET allows you to is easy to handle by just ob-
center the selected event. When the zoom function is acti- serving the concept of instru- 28
vated, the selected event will automatically be centered in ment operation. There are 4
the zoom window. keys destined for frequently
29 33
used functions:
❙❙ TYPE: selection of trigger
30 34
type (EDGE A/B), PULSE, LO-
GIC and VIDEO 31 35
❙❙ SLOPE: type of slope
❙❙ SOURCE: Determines the 32 36
triggers source
❙❙ FILTER: Determines the Fig. 6.1: Front panel control
trigger conditions area of the trigger system

Additional keys are available to select the trigger modes

(AUTO, NORMAL and SINGLE).

6.1 Trigger modes Auto, Normal, Single

The AUTO/NORM 29 key allows you to toggle directly
Fig. 5.7: Search mode with event list
between the basic trigger modes. If Auto mode is activa-
ted, the key is not illuminated. Pressing the key will acti-
vate NORMAL mode, and a red LED will highlight the
key. In AUTO mode, the screen always displays a signal. If
a signal fulfills the trigger conditions, the oscilloscope will
synchronize with this event and triggers when the set con-
dition is met. In case of a signal that does not fulfill the
trigger condition (a simple case would be direct current),
the oscilloscope itself will generate a trigger event. This al-
lows a glance at the input signals at any time, regardless
of the trigger condition. In NORMAL mode, the signal will
now be captured and displayed if the trigger condition is
met. In case no new signal fulfills the set trigger condition,
the signal that was triggered last will be displayed. To en-
sure that only a signal that meets the trigger condition is
detected and displayed, press the Single key to 33 activate
this mode. This key is highlighted in white when the SIN-
GLE mode is activated. The R&S®HMO Compact series de-
tection and trigger system is now activated, indicated by
a blinking RUN/STOP key 39 . If the trigger condition is ful-
filled, the trigger system is activated, data is stored and the
oscilloscope switches to STOP mode (the RUN/STOP key
is permanently highlighted in red).

6.2 Trigger sources

The two resp. four analog channels are available as trigger
sources (SOURCE key). If the optional extension with ac-
tive logic probes R&S®HO3508 including 8 digital inputs
is connected, up to 8 digital inputs are available as trigger
source. The soft menu key AC LINE enables you to trigger
the trigger at system frequency. The trigger signal is ext-
racted internally from the power supply.

24
 Trigger System

6.3 Trigger type ❙❙ HF: The trigger signal is coupled via high pass filter with a
The trigger type can be selected with the TYPE key 17 in minimum cut-off frequency (-3 dB) of 30 kHz and is
the TRIGGER section. A submenu will be opened. automatically limited when triggering the level with
normal trigger. This coupling type should only be applied
6.3.1 Slope trigger to very high frequency signals.
The easiest and by far the most frequently used trigger is ❙❙ LP (low pass): The trigger signal is coupled via low pass
the slope trigger. The oscilloscope triggers if slopes that with a maximum cut-off frequency of 5 kHz. This filter
were set with the EDGE key occur within the signal se- removes high frequencies and is available with AC and
lected in the SOURCE menu. The signal slope has to pass DC coupling.
through the set trigger level. The trigger type EDGE Trig- ❙❙ NR (noise reduction): A low pass filter with a maximum
ger is selected in the Autosetup mode (AUTOSET key). cut-off frequency of 100 MHz will improve the noise
If, for instance, you select the pulse trigger and press the performance for the trigger amplifier. This filter removes
AUTOSET key the setting will switch to Edge Trigger. The high frequencies and is available with AC and DC
TYPE key 31 in the trigger section allows you to set the coupling.
trigger type. This opens a menu with corresponding op-
The coupling types low pass and noise reduction may not be acti-
tions. If the edge type is not active (highlighted in blue),
vated simultaneously.
you can press the respective soft menu key to select this
type. The slope type (rising, falling or both) can be set di-
rectly with the SLOPE 35 key. This will shift the setting for-
ward by one, i.e. from rising to falling slope, to both slo-
pes, and pressing the key yet one more time will trigger
another rising slope. The center of the status line on the
top of the display and the display above the SLOPE key 35
show which slope type has been selected.

Fig. 6.3: The type B-Trigger

The slope trigger can be coupled with a so called „B Trig-

ger“. This option is available via soft menu key SLOPE A/B.
This function allows you to adjust the trigger such that first
condition „A“ must be met and then another condition „B“
before the trigger will respond (refer to Fig. 6.3). E.g. it is
possible to define a source (channel) and a level of 120 mV
Fig. 6.2: Coupling modes with slope trigger
on the rising slope of that signal and for the second condi-
tion a level of 80 mV on the falling slope. Additionally, it is
The FILTER 36 key allows you to select how to couple the possible to define whether the B event should occur a time
signal for the trigger circuit: (min. 32 ns, max. 10 s) or a number (min. 1, max. 216) of
❙❙ AUTO LEVEL: Automatic filter setting (default setting). times after the A event. The level or time or the number of
❙❙ AC: The trigger signal is coupled via high pass filter with a events can be entered numerically with the universal knob
minimum cut-off frequency of 5 Hz which suppresses the or in a submenu. In order to do this first select the setting,
DC portion of the triggering signal. With a changing DC then push the soft key next to NUMERIC INPUT. In the
portion, the trigger level remains at the set point in the AC window which will open, you can enter numbers and units
signal. The trigger type AUTO (AUTO/NORM key) includes with the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section or
the Peak-Peak mode which sets limits for the trigger in the numerical with KEYPAD button.
AC signal. This setting means that the trigger condition
will be met for any applied signal without having to set the 6.3.2 Pulse trigger
level. For the trigger type NORM (AUTO/NORM key), the The pulse trigger allows triggering for specific pulse widths
Peak-Peak mode is deactivated, allowing the trigger level of positive or negative pulses or for pulse width ranges.
to be moved past the peak values of the signal. The oscilloscope triggers if a pulse occurs within the signal
❙❙ DC: The trigger signal is coupled to the trigger circuit with selected in the SOURCE menu that matches the properties
all signal portions (AC and DC voltage). This has no set in the FILTER menu. If a pulse fulfills the trigger condi-
impact on the triggering signal. tions, the oscilloscope triggers on the trailing slope, i.e. for
a positive pulse it triggers on the falling slope and for a ne-

25
Trigger System

Fig. 6.4: Pulse trigger menu Fig. 6.5: Logic trigger menu

gative pulse on a rising slope. Activate the pulse trigger by key LOGIC CHANNEL enables you to select a logic channel
pressing the TYPE key 31 in the trigger section. Press for which you wish to determine the trigger condition. Use
the FILTER key 36 , then you can select additional settings the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section for this
for the pulse trigger in the soft menu. There are six diffe- purpose. In the general menu, the selected digital input is
rent settings: marked with a blue background. In the field, the trigger le-
❙❙ ti > t: The pulse width ti, which will generate the trigger is vel is marked as High (H), Low (L) or (X). Use the corres-
greater than the adjustable reference time t. ponding soft menu key to select the trigger level. The soft
❙❙ ti < t: The pulse width ti, which will generate the trigger is menu item COMBINATION allows the logic combination of
less than the adjustable reference time t. the digital channels. They can be combined by logic AND
❙❙ ti = t: The pulse width ti, which will generate the trigger or OR. If AND is selected, the set conditions of all channels
equals the adjustable reference time t. The reference time must be met simultaneously for the input signal so that the
is a combination of time t plus the adjustable deviation. combination produces a logic High (H) as a result. If OR is
❙❙ ti ≠ t: The pulse width ti, which will generate the trigger is selected, at least one of the defined level conditions must
unequal to the adjustable reference time t. The reference be met. The last item in this menu is the option TRIGGER
time is a combination of time t plus the adjustable ON. Use the soft menu key to select TRUE or FALSE. This
deviation. allows you to preselect whether the trigger will be genera-
❙❙ t1<ti<t2: The pulse width ti which will generate the trigger ted at the beginning (TRUE) or the end of the logic condi-
is less than the adjustable reference time t2 and greater tion (FALSE).
than the adjustable reference time t1.
❙❙ not(t1<ti<t2): The pulse width which will generate the After selecting the desired set of conditions, you can use
trigger is greater than the adjustable reference time t2 and the FILTER key 36 for additional settings. A soft menu will
less than the adjustable reference time t1. open allowing you to add a time limit to the TRIGGER ON
option (this menu shows the condition selected in the
The time resp. the variation (tolerance zone) can be se- SOURCE menu). Press the top soft menu key DURATION
lected via universal knob or KEYPAD key in the CURSOR/ to add a time limit. This option compares the duration of
MENU section. Selecting the corresponding soft menu the output signal for the combination of the logic condi-
item allows you to set any of these settings for positively tions to the set duration ti. If the duration is identical or not
(POS.) or negatively polarized pulses (NEG.). For the asso- identical, you can set the deviation ∆t. If t is within these
ciated positive pulse, you define the width from rising to parameters, the trigger condition has been met. The menu
falling slopes, and accordingly for the associated negative field below allows the selection of the comparison criteria.
pulse from falling to rising slopes. As is consistent with the The following criteria are available:
principle, triggering always occurs on the second slope of ❙❙ ti ≠ t: The duration of the applied bit pattern which will
the pulse. generate the trigger is unequal to the adjustable reference
time.
6.3.3 Logic Trigger ❙❙ ti = t: The duration of the applied bit pattern which will
You may test all settings in the logic trigger without any active generate the trigger is equal to the adjustable reference
logic probes R&S®HO3508 connected. time.
❙❙ ti < t: The duration of the applied bit pattern which will
Selecting the LOGIC trigger in the soft menu after pres- generate the trigger is less than the adjustable reference
sing the TYPE key 31 will switch the trigger source to the time
digital inputs. Pressing the SOURCE key 32 after selecting ❙❙ ti > t: The duration of the applied bit pattern which will
this trigger type displays a soft menu for additional set- generate the trigger is greater than the adjustable
tings and a window to list these settings. The soft menu reference time.

26
 Trigger System

❙❙ t1<ti<t2: The pulse width ti which will generate the trigger DARD. Use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU sec-
is less than the adjustable referance time t2 and greater tion or press the soft menu key again to select the desired
than the adjustable reference time t1. standard. The following modes are available:
❙❙ not(t1<ti<t2): The pulse width which will generate the ❙❙ PAL
trigger is greater than the adjustable reference time t2 and ❙❙ NTSC
less than the adjustable reference time t1. ❙❙ SECAM
❙❙ Timeout: Triggers if the combination is still valid after ❙❙ PAL-M
time t. Time t defines the trigger time limit for the timeout. ❙❙ SDTV 576i Interlaced
❙❙ HDTV 720p Progressive
❙❙ HDTV 1080p Progressive
❙❙ HDTV 1080i Interlaced

The second setting will apply to the polarity of the sync

pulse (may be positive or negative). With positive video
modulation (the highest brightness is represented in the
image by the maximum signal voltage), the synchroniza-
tion pulses are negative, with negative modulation they are
positive. The slopes of the synchronization pulses are used
for triggering which explains why a faulty polarity setting
causes irregular triggering by image information. Next you
can select between frame triggering (FRAME) and line trig-
gering (LINE). Selecting LINE allows you to define the ex-
Fig. 6.6: Logic channels’ settings display act line between 1 and 625 via universal knob or the KEY-
PAD button in the CURSOR/MENU section.
As with the pulse trigger, for ti ≠ t or ti = t you can set a re-
ference time with the soft menu key TIME and the univer- The soft menu item ALL LINES enables the oscilloscope to
sal knob. Selecting the soft menu item DEVIATION allows trigger on the start of the lines in the video signal. This key
you to use the universal knob and KEYPAD key in the CUR- selects all lines i.e. even when other trigger conditions are
SOR/MENU control panel to set the deviation ∆t which de- met, the oscilloscope will trigger on each line. If FRAME
fines the tolerance between set reference time t and valid is selected for frame triggering, the lower menu items
and real pulse width ti (permissible tolerance range).. will allow to trigger on ODD or only EVEN half frames. In
To change the threshold values for the logic states “one” this case, the oscilloscope will trigger on the start of the
and “zero”, it is necessary to use settings in the chan- half frames in the video signal. The respective key will se-
nel menu (MENU key in the VERTICAL section). Select the lect the odd (even) half frames, i.e. even if the other trigger
POD 24 ). If logic mode is already activated, the digital chan- conditions are met, the oscilloscope will trigger on each
nels will be displayed in the channel display section of the odd (even) half frame.
display (framed and marked with “POD:xxxV“). Pressing
the MENU key 21 in the VERTICAL section allows you to
activate one of five predefined logic levels. Three of these
are fixed for TTL, CMOS and ECL. After pressing the res-
pective menu item, two customized logic levels may be set
from –2 V to 8 V (USER1 / USER2) with the universal knob
or the KEYPAD key in the CURSOR/MENU section. The soft
menu key SET TO DEFAULT POS. & SIZE activates the dis-
play for all digital channels of the selected group by using
default values for the vertical position and size. You may
also define the name for the current signal by using the soft
menu LABEL. A library provides a list of predefined names.
The name can be activated, deactivated or edited.

6.3.4 Video trigger

Fig. 6.7: Video trigger menu
The video trigger allows you to trigger on PAL, NTSC
SECAM standard video signals or on HDTV signals. After
selecting the VIDEO trigger press the SOURCE 32 key. The
FILTER 36 menu allows you to define additional settings.
The oscilloscope triggers if the CVBS signal (Color Video
Baseband Signal) selected in the SOURCE menu features
the attributes set in the FILTER menu. Select the desired
standard by pressing the respective soft menu key STAN-

27
Trigger System

7 Signal Display
displayed. Depending on the selected trigger type, the
user will see specific information about the acquisition
status. This information will only be displayed if the signal
changes on the screen can persist over a longer period. If
The following chapter describes the selection and display the trigger condition has been met, the information
of signals from various sources as well as all available dis- window shows a progress display for the post-trigger and
play modes. pre-trigger. If the trigger condition has not been met, the
information window shows the time of the last trigger
7.1 Display Settings event (Trig?). If the trigger type AUTOMATIC is selected,
The R&S®HMO Compact series features a high quality the instrument will switch to non-triggered acquisition
TFT display with VGA (640x480 pixels resolution) inclu- mode in case of a non-triggered condition over an ex-
ding LED backlighting. Basic display settings can be defi- tended period of time. This acquisition mode does not
ned by pressing the DISPLAY 14 key in the GENERAL sec- display an info window as the data currently captured is
tion. When the soft menu item VIRTUAL SCREEN is ac- displayed.
tivated, a scroll bar will display to the right of the display ❙❙ AUX. CURSORS:
graticule. Use the universal knob to upload and download This soft menu allows you to define the settings for
the display window within the 20 divisions of the virtual auxiliary cursors. Pressing the function keys enables you
screen. You will find a detailed description of the VIRTUAL to activate or deactivate the cursors. The menu item
SCREEN option in the next chapter. The following settings DEFAULTS resets the default settings.
can be selected:
❙❙ DOTS ONLY:
If this option is activated (ON), only the acquired data 7.2 Usage of the Virtual Screen
points will be shown. This means that the data points of
all signals will not be connected by vertical lines. If this
option is deactivated (OFF), interpolated data points will
also be shown.
❙❙ INVERSE BRIGHTN.:.
This setting inverts the brightness of the displayed signals.
Normally, frequently captured dots will be displayed more
brightly than rare dots. The INVERSE BRIGHTNESS option
reverses the circumstances. Rare events display a higher
brightness compared to frequent events. To capture rare
events in a signal, this setting can be used in combination
with persistence.
❙❙ FALSE COLORS:
This setting converts the brightness levels of the
Fig. 7.1: Drawing of the virtual screen area
displayed signals to a color scale (ranging anywhere from
blue, magenta, red and yellow to white). Thanks to the
higher contrast, users can view signal details more easily. The graticule for the R&S®HMO Compact series includes
This setting applies to all signals simultaneously. 8 vertical divisions but also has a virtual range of 20 divisi-
❙❙ GRID: ons. These 20 divisions may be used entirely by the optio-
This soft menu allows you to display the graticule as nal digital channels D0 to D7, the mathematical channels
LINES (the graticule is divided into horizontal and vertical and the references signals. The analog channels may use
divisions), as CENTER CROSS (displays one horizontal up to ±10 divisions from the center.
and one vertical zero line, showing the divisions as dots)
or as OFF (the entire graticule will include no dots or Fig. 7.1 illustrates the functionality of the virtual screen.
lines). The display includes a section of 8 vertical divisions in
❙❙ INFO WINDOWS: gray. This section enables you to display analog signals.
Selecting this soft menu item will open a submenu which The small bar next to the graticule indicates the position of
allows you to set the transparency for the info windows. the 8 visible divisions within the available 20 divisions. By
Info windows are small windows that appear on the pressing the SCROLL BAR 5 the bar will be activated and
screen depending on the particular application (e.g. displayed in blue and you can use the universal knob to
values are displayed when offset is changed). A shift the 8 visible divisions (gray section) within the availa-
transparency value of 0% to 100% is selectable. Use the ble 20 divisions. This allows a simple and clear display of
universal knob or the KEYPAD key to define this setting. many individual signal portions.
Additional menu items allow you to activate or deactivate
the info windows for POSITION and TRACE BRIGHTN.. If
POSITION is activated and the vertical position is
changed, the respective value on the zero line will be

28
 Signal Display

7.3 Signal intensity and persistence functions key. If a finite duration was selected, new signals will be
written on top of one another within this timeframe where
the most recent captures will be displayed more brightly
than older signals. For instance, if 300 ms is selected, the
display for the signal curves will become darker in 50ms
intervals and will be erased after 300 ms. The AUTOMATIC
setting allows you to select the automatic configuration of
the persistence. If this setting is activated, the instrument
attempts to select the optimal time. If OFF is selected, the
persistence function is deactivated.

Another available option is the BACKGROUND function.

With this key, you can activate or deactivate a mode which
allows older signal curves to not disappear entirely after
the set persistence time. Instead, these signals will con-
Fig. 7.2: Menu for setting the signal display intensities tinue to be displayed in the background with low bright-
ness. This display is useful for the analysis of peak values
The default setting (indicated as active when the INTENS/ in signals, for instance.
PERSIST 7 key is illuminated in white) allows you to use
the universal knob to change the intensity of the signal dis-
play to anywhere from 0% to 100%. Persistence mode al- 7.4 XY display
lows the display of varying signals by enabling the inst- The R&S®HMO Compact series features a key that allows
rument to write several signals on the display simultane- you to switch directly to the XY display. Two signals will
ously. It is also possible to induce accelerated aging of si- be displayed simultaneously, one in Y direction and one in
gnals with an adjustable persistence from 50ms to infinite. X direction. This implicates that the time base X will be re-
Signals occurring less frequently will be displayed in dar- placed by amplitude values of a secondsource. The resul-
ker color and signals occurring more frequently will be dis- ting signal curves for harmonic signals are known as Lissa-
played in lighter color. Press the INTENS/PERSIST key in jous figures and allow the analysis of frequency and phase
the soft menu to select this mode. The soft menu items position for these two signals. In case of a nearly identi-
TRACE, GRID and BACKLIGHT allow you to use the uni- cal frequency the figure will rotate. If the frequency is ex-
versal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section to adjust the actly identical, the figure will stand still and the phase po-
grid intensity and the backlighting. The soft menu SET- sition can be deduced from its shape. You can activate the
TINGS allows you to select the persistence settings for XY display by pressing the XY key 19 in the VERTICAL sec-
the signals on the screen. The persistence function ensu- tion. The display will divided into one large and three small
res that signals will not be replaced when the screen is up- display areas.
dated. Instead, the signals will pause for a specific amount
of time and then slowly begin to fade. This type of display With two-channel instruments R&S®HMO722, R&S®HMO1022,
is very similar to that of an analog oscilloscope. There are R&S®HMO1522 and R&S®HMO2022 only basic XY display is
three possible settings for the duration of the persistence: possible.
Off, Automatic and MANUAL.
The large grid shows the XY display while the small grids
The option MANUAL allows you to set a duration of 50ms show the source for X, Y1, Y2 and Z. The small windows
to infinite by using the universal knob or the KEYPAD feature the classical signal display as Y vs. time. The ana-

Fig. 7.3: Persistence function Fig. 7.4: XY settings menu

29
Signal Display

8 Measurements
log channels can be selected as source. It is possible to
define two signals as Y input and display vs. x input to per-
form a comparison. Press the soft menu key Z SETTINGS
to determine the settings for the Z input. The function
SOURCE Z allows you to use any of the analog channels as There are two different types of measurements on signals:
source for the Z input. Use the universal knob in the CUR- cursor measurements and automatic measurements. All
SOR/MENU section to select the desired setting. The Z measurements are stored in a buffer memory that is larger
input allows you to control the brightness of the XY sig- than the display memory. The integrated hardware coun-
nal. This can be static or dynamic, by setting an adjustable ter shows the frequency and period duration for the selec-
threshold or by modulating the brightness with the ampli- ted input.
tude change of the Z input. In the MODULATION setting,
large amplitudes of the Z source will display the XY points. 8.1 Cursor Measurements
The transition is continuous. The setting On|Off dis- The measurement option that is most frequently used with
plays values below the selected threshold of the Z source an oscilloscope is the cursor measurement. Depending on
and the XY points with the lowest brightness. Values ex- the measurement type up to three markers are available. To
ceeding the threshold will be displayed with the selected control cursor measurements, you may use the keys CUR-
brightness. There is no transition between the two states. SOR MEASURE and KEYPAD as well as the universal knob.
You can use the universal knob or the KEYPAD button in The menu CURSOR MEASURE allows you to select cursor-
the CURSOR/MENU section to select the threshold. based measurements for an activated signal source on the
oscilloscope. The measurement type can be defined in the
menu that opens when you press the CURSOR MEASURE
key. Following measurement types can be selected:

VOLTAGE: This mode provides two cursors to

measure three different voltages. The values V1
and V2 correspond to the voltage between the
zero base line of the selected signal and the current po-
sition of the first or second cursor. The value ΔV corres-
ponds to the amount of voltage between the two cursors.

TIME: This mode provides two cursors to mea-

sure three different times and an equivalent fre-
quency. The values t1 and t2 correspond to the
time between the trigger and the current position of the
Fig. 7.5: Settings for the Z input
first or second cursor. The value Δt corresponds to the
amount of time between the two cursors.

RATIO X: This mode provides three cursors to

measure a ratio in X direction (e.g. a duty ratio)
between the first two cursors and the first and
the third cursor. The measurement values are displayed in
four different formats (floating point, percent, degrees and
radians).

RATIO Y: This mode provides three cur-

sors to measure a ratio in Y direction (e.g. an
overshoot) between the first two cursors and
the first and the third cursor. The measurement values
are displayed in two different formats (floating point and
percent).

COUNT: This mode provides three cursors to

count signal changes that exceed the threshold
within a specific interval. The interval may be
set by using the first two cursors and the threshold may be
set by using the third cursor. The measurement values are
displayed in four different formats (number of rising and
falling slopes and number of positive and negative pulses).

30
 Measurements

PEAK VALUES: This mode provides two cur-

sors to measure the minimum and the maxi-
mum voltage of a signal within the interval set
by using both cursors. The values Vp- and Vp+
correspond to the minimum and the maximum voltage.
The peak value (Vpp) corresponds to the amount of vol-
tage between the minimum and maximum value.

RMS, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION: This

mode provides two cursors to measure the ef-
fective value (RMS – Root Mean Square), the
mean value and the standard deviation within the interval
set by using both cursors.

DUTY RATIO: This mode provides three cur- Fig. 8.1: Cursor measurements selection menu
sors to determine the duty ratio between the
two horizontal cursors. The third cursor is ted (Off), the channel set under SOURCE will be applied
used to specify the threshold at which the duty ratio is even if it is not targeted. Pressing the soft menu key SET
measured. TO TRACE places the selected cursors in their optimal po-
sition on the signal curve. This allows very fast and typi-
RISE TIME 90%: This mode provides two cur- cally optimal automatic positioning of the cursors. For the
sors to measure the rise and fall time of the first most part, only fine tuning is required at this point and the
rising slope in the displayed view of the screen tedious major adjustments to the cursors will no longer be
within the time span set by the cursors. The rise time iden- necessary. In case the automated function SET TO TRACE
tifies the time in which the signal rises from 10% to 90% of does not provide the anticipated results due to complex
its amplitude. signals, you can press the key SET TO TRACE to posi-
tion the cursors in a predefined starting position. This al-
RISE TIME 80%: This mode provides two cur- lows you to return distant cursors to the screen. The soft
sors to measure the rise and fall time of the first menu key GLUE TO TRACE allows cursors to stay on the
rising slope in the displayed view of the screen selected data point without changing the position in the
within the time span set by the cursors. The rise time iden- measurement signal even if the scaling is modified (cur-
tifies the time in which the signal rises from 20% to 80% sors will be „glued“ to the signal). This function can be ac-
of its amplitude. tivated or deactivated. If this mode is deactivated, the cur-
sor stays in position on the screen if scaling occurs. With
V-MARKER: This mode pro- GLUE TO TRACE deactivated, the measured value changes
vides two cursors to measure while it remains unmodified when the mode is activated.
three different voltages and a
time. The values V1 and V2 correspond to the voltage bet- The cursors will be deactivated by pressing the CURSOR
ween the zero base line of the selected curve and the cur- MEASURE key. The cursor menu will be closed.
rent position of the first or second cursor. The value ΔV
corresponds to the amount of voltage between the two
cursors. The value Δt corresponds to the amount of time 8.2 Automatic Measurements
between the two cursors. The R&S®HMO1002 features cursor measurements and
also various automatic measurements. These may be acti-
To move cursors, press the universal knob in the CURSOR/ vated by pressing the key AUTO MEASURE 11 in the sec-
MENU section and position the cursor by turning the univer- tion ANALYZE. This menu allows you to select up to six
sal knob. The measurement types have the following func- automatic measurement functions by using the soft menu
tions. The measurement results are displayed at the bottom key MEAS. PLACE and the universal knob in the CURSOR/
of the screen. If “n/a” is displayed, the measurement is not MENU section. Following automatic measurement types
applicable to the signal. For instance, this may be the case can be selected:
for a voltage measurement on a POD because only logic sta-
tes without voltage reference are displayed here. If “?” is dis- MEAN VALUE: This mode measures the mean
played, the display does not show a complete measurement value of the signal amplitude (Mean). If the sig-
result. For instance, the period to be measured may not dis- nal is periodic, the first period on the left of the
play completely and can consequently not be identified. screen will be used for the measurement. The measure-
ment will only be applied to the selected channel.
If the function AUTOM. SOURCE is activated (On), the
currently targeted channel will be used as source for the
measurement automatically. If the setting is deactiva-

31
Measurements

RMS VALUE: This mode identifies the effec- pes and calculates the pulse width from their time diffe-
tive value from the displayed view of the signal. rence. The measurement will only be applied to the selec-
If the signal is periodic, the first period on the ted channel and requires a minimum of one completely
left of the screen will be used for the measurement. The displayed period of a triggered signal.
effective value is not applied to a sine signal will be calcu- .
lated directly (so-called TrueRMS). The measurement will PULSE WIDTH –: This mode measures the
only be applied to the selected channel. width of the negative pulse. A negative pulse
consists of a falling slope followed by a rising
PEAK-PEAK: This mode measures the diffe- slope. This measurement type identifies the two slopes
rence in voltage between the maximum and and calculates the pulse width from their time difference
the minimum peak value of the signal within (t). The measurement will only be applied to the selected
the displayed view (Vpp). channel and requires a minimum of one completely dis-
played period of a triggered signal.
PEAK + : This mode measures the maxi-
mum voltage value in the displayed view of the DUTY CYCLE +: This mode measures the po-
screen. The measurement will only be applied sitive duty ratio. In this mode, positive sig-
to the selected channel (Vp+). nal portions are identified over a specific pe-
riod and will then be analyzed in relation to the signal pe-
PEAK – : This mode measures the minimum riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selec-
voltage value in the displayed view of the ted channel and requires a minimum of one complete pe-
screen. The measurement will only be applied riod of a triggered signal. The measured value Dty+ is dis-
to the selected channel (Vp-). played as a percentage of the signal period.

FREQUENCY: This mode identifies the fre- DUTY CYCLE –: This mode measures the ne-
quency of the signal from the reci-procal value gative duty ratio. In this mode, positive nega-
of the first signal period T (f). The measurement tive portions are identified over a specific pe-
will only be applied to the selected channel. riod and will then be analyzed in relation to the signal pe-
riod. The measurement will only be applied to the selec-
PERIOD: This mode measures the duration of ted channel and requires a minimum of one complete pe-
the signal period T. The period identifies the du- riod of a triggered signal. The measured value Dty+ is dis-
ration between two equal values of one periodi- played as a percentage of the signal period.
cally repeated signal.
RISE TIME 90%: This mode measures the rise
AMPLITUDE: This mode measures the am- time of the first rising slope in the displayed
plitude of a square wave signal (VAmp). This view of the screen (tr). The rise time identifies
mode calculates the difference in voltage bet- the time in which the signal rises from 10% to 90% of its
ween the upper and the lower level (Vbase and Vtop). The amplitude.
measurement will only be applied to the selected channel
and requires a minimum of one complete period of a trig-
gered signal. FALL TIME 90%: This mode measures the fall
time of the first falling slope in the displayed
TOP LEVEL: This mode measures the mean view of the screen (t f). The fall time identifies
voltage level of an upper square wave (V Top). the time in which the signal falls from 90% to 10% of its
This mode calculates the mean value of the amplitude.
slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be
applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of RISE TIME 80%: This mode measures the rise
one complete period of a triggered signal. time of the first rising slope in the displayed
view of the screen (tr80). The rise time identifies
BASE LEVEL: This mode measures the mean the time in which the signal rises from 20% to 80% of its
voltage level of the lower square wave (VBase). amplitude.
This mode calculates the mean value of the
slope (without overshoot). The measurement will only be FALL TIME 80%: This mode measures the fall
applied to the selected channel and requires a minimum of time of the first falling slope in the displayed
one complete period of a triggered signal. view of the screen (t f80). The fall time identi-
fies the time in which the signal falls from 80% to 20% of
PULSE WIDTH +: This mode measures the its amplitude.
width of the positive pulse. A positive pulse
consists of a rising slope followed by a fal-
ling slope. This measurement type identifies the two slo-

32
 Measurements

σ-STD. DEVIATION: This mode measures the COUNT –/ : This mode counts signal changes
standard deviation of the signal amplitude in (slopes) from High Level to Low Level in the
the displayed view of the screen. The standard displayed view of the screen. The mean value
deviation is the measurement for the deviation is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement sig-
of a signal from its mean value. A low result indicates that nal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the
the values are close to the mean value. A higher result il- mean value. The measurement will only be applied to the
lustrates that on average the difference between the va- selected channel.
lues is greater.
TRIGGER FREQUENCY: This mode measu-
DELAY: This mode measures the time de- res the frequency of the trigger signal bases
lay between the set measurement source and on the period duration (f Tr). The source for the
the reference source. This mode searches for measurement is the currently set trigger source. The fre-
the slope of the measurement source that is closest to quency will be determined with a hardware counter with a
the time reference. Then, beginning from this point, it high accuracy of 5 digits.
searches for the nearest slope of the reference source.
This time difference indicates the measurement result. A TRIGGER PERIOD: This mode measures the
submenu (DELAY SETUP) allows you to select the setting duration of periods of the trigger signal (with a
for measurement source, reference source and slopes. hardware counter T Tr).

PHASE: This mode measures the phase bet-

ween two slopes of two channels in the dis-
placed view of the screen (Phs). This mode
measures the relation of the time delay between the set
sources to the signal period of the measurement source.
This mode searches for the slope of the measurement
source that is closest to the time reference. Then, begin-
ning from this point, it searches for the nearest slope of
the reference source. The time difference and the signal
period indicate the measurement result in degrees. A sub-
menu (MEASUREMENT SOURCE/ REFERENCE SOURCE)
allows you to select the measurement source and the re-
ference source with the universal knob in the CURSOR/
MENU section. Fig. 8.2: Menu for the automatic measurements settings

COUNT + : This mode counts positive pulses The list of available sources only includes displayed channels
in the displayed view of the screen. A positive (possible sources are analog, digital and mathematical channels).
pulse consists of a rising slope followed by a
falling slope. The mean value is calculated from the ampli- The automatic measurement results are displayed at the bot-
tude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if tom of the screen. If “n/a” is displayed, the measurement
the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse that pas- is not applicable to the signal. For instance, this may be the
ses the mean value only once will not be calculated. The case for a voltage measurement on a POD because only lo-
measurement will only be applied to the selected channel. gic states without voltage reference are displayed here. If
“?” is displayed, the display does not show a complete mea-
COUNT – : This mode counts negative pulses surement result. For instance, the period to be measured
in the displayed view of the screen. A negative may not display completely and can consequently not be
pulse consists of a falling slope followed by a ri- identified.
sing slope. The mean value is calculated from the ampli-
tude of the measurement signal. A slope will be counted if With the soft menu key CLEAR ALL the activated automa-
the signal runs through the mean value. A pulse that pas- tic measurements will be switched off.
ses the mean value only once will not be calculated. The
measurement will only be applied to the selected channel.
8.2.1 Statistics for Automatic Measurements
COUNT +/ : This mode counts signal chan- If automatic measurement functions are defined, you can
ges (slopes) from Low Level to High Level in the view statistics for these parameters on page 2|2 of the
displayed view of the screen. The mean value AUTO MEASURE menu. The statistics allow you to evalu-
is calculated from the amplitude of the measurement sig- ate a periodic signal over a number of measurements. The
nal. A slope will be counted if the signal runs through the results (current value, minimum, maximum, mean value,
mean value. The measurement will only be applied to the standard deviation and number of measurements) are
selected channel. shown in table format in the display window. Statistics are

33
Measurements

9 Analysis
available for up to 1,000 captures. You can define the de-
sired number with the universal knob or the KEYPAD key
in the CURSOR/MENU section. The mean value and the
standard deviation are identified by means of the most cur-
rent n values where n corresponds to the set captures (soft The R&S®HMO Compact series features different analy-
menu key NO. OF AVERAGES). Minimum and maximum sis functions for the collected data records which are dis-
of the measurement value applies to the total number of played on the screen. Simple mathematical functions can
measurements. The total number of measurements will be be performed with the mathematical function while more
displayed in the statistics. The key RESET STATISTIC resets complex functions and the linking of functions can be ac-
the statistics. All recorded values are erased. This function complished with the formula editor. The MATH menu in-
can be used to restart the statistics at a defined point. The cludes mathematical functions for the recorded signal ty-
key CLEAR MEASUREMENTS deactivates the automatic pes. The mathematical functions track the changes of the
measurements. included signals and only apply to the visible area. You can
also activate the frequency analysis (FFT) by pressing the
respective key. The function QUICK VIEW provides a quick
overview for the signal properties. A masked-based PASS/
FAIL test allows you to monitor signals automatically.

9.1 Mathematical Functions

The MATH menu in the VERTICAL section includes mathe-
matical functions for the recorded signal types. The ma-
thematical functions track the changes of the included sig-
nals and only apply to the visible area.of the screen. If a si-
gnal is cut off at the edge of the screen may indicate that
the corresponding mathematical curve is also truncated.
The VOLTS/DIV knob can be used to scale an activated
mathematical curve.
Fig. 8.3: Statistic for Automeasurements

Fig. 9.1: Mathematics short menu

The MATH menu includes the Quick Mathematics (QM)

and formula sets (MA). Quick Mathematics is designed for
simple and quick calculations. The formula sets allow for-
mular combinations.

9.1.1 Quick mathematics (QM)

Pressing the MATH key in the VERTICAL section will acti-
vate the math short menu. The lowest soft menu key ac-
tivates the Quick Mathematics (QM) or the formula editor
(MA). In the QM short menu the configuration of the math
function can be selected with the soft menu key. Pres-
sing the MENU key in the VERTICAL section the configura-
tion menu will be opened. With the first and the third soft
menu key OPERAND, you can choose the respective chan-
nel (source) for the mathematical calculation. You may only
choose activated analog channels. The central soft menu

34
 Analysis

key OPERATOR allows you to select the calculation type. editor (soft menu key EDIT FORMULARY) lists all existing
Following calculation types (OPERATOR) can be selected. equations which may be edited. A blue bar indicates that
an equation is selected. It is important to distinguish bet-
ween editing the display and editing the parameters. Use
Addition Multiplication the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section to se-
(ADD) (MUL) lect the respective equation and activate by pressing the
soft menu key VISIBLE. An activated, visible equation is
Subtraction Division marked by a filled-in eye symbol in the formula editor and
(SUB) (DIV) is listed in the short menu. With the soft menu UNIT you
can use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section
to select the following units:
You can use the universal knob in the Cursor/ Menu ❙❙ V (Volt) ❙❙ Hz (Hertz)
section to select operands and operators. ❙❙ A (Ampere) ❙❙ F (Farad)
❙❙ Ω (Ohm) ❙❙ H (Henry)
❙❙ V/A (Volt per Ampere) ❙❙ % (percent)
❙❙ W (Watt) ❙❙ º (degree)
❙❙ VA (Volt Ampere) ❙❙ π (Pi)
❙❙ VAr (reactive power) ❙❙ Pa (Pascal)
❙❙ dB (decibel) ❙❙ m (meter)
❙❙ m (Milli, 10 -3) ❙❙ g (Acceleration)
❙❙ µ (Mikro, 10 -6) ❙❙ ºC (Degress Celsius)
❙❙ n (Nano 10 ) -9 ❙❙ K (Kelvin)
❙❙ p (Piko, 10 -12) ❙❙ ºF (Degrees Fahrenheit)
❙❙ f (Femto, 10 -15) ❙❙ N (Newton)
❙❙ a (Atto, 10 -18) ❙❙ J (Joule)
❙❙ z (Zepto 10 -21) ❙❙ C (Coulomb)
❙❙ y (Yokto, 10 )-24 ❙❙ Wb (Weber)
❙❙ K (Kilo, 103) ❙❙ T (Tesla)
❙❙ M (Mega, 106) ❙❙ (dez) (decimal)
Fig. 9.2: Quick mathematics menu
❙❙ G (Giga, 109) ❙❙ (bin) (binary)
❙❙ T (Tera, 1012) ❙❙ (hex) (hexadecimal)
9.1.2 Formula editor (MA) ❙❙ P (Peta, 1015) ❙❙ (oct) (octal)
The formula editor menu (soft menu key MA) allows you to ❙❙ E (Exa, 10 )
18 ❙❙ DIV (Division, division)
activate and deactivate mathematical equations which are ❙❙ Z (Zetta 1021) ❙❙ px (pixel)
defined and displayed within the selected formula set. The ❙❙ Y (Yotta, 1024) ❙❙ Bit (Bit)
MENU key in the VERTICAL control panel opens a menu to ❙❙ dBm (decibel milliwatt) ❙❙ Bd (Baud)
select the formula set and its corresponding formulas. The ❙❙ dBV (decibel Volt) ❙❙ Sa (Sample)
R&S®HMO Compact series includes five mathematical for- ❙❙ s (second)
mula sets. Each of these formula sets contains five formu-
las which may be edited with a formula editor to also de- The selected equation unit will be applied to the chan-
fine linked mathematical functions. These are labeled MA1 nel description, cursor types and automatic measurement
to MA5. You can use the universal knob in the CURSOR/ types. The equation name is listed in the formula set editor
MENU section to select the formula set. The formula set and is used as label in the curve window. The soft menu
key DELETE removes the equation from the formula set.
An equation consists of an operator (mathematical func-
tion) and up to two operands. Use the universal knob in
the CURSOR/MENU section to choose the operators:

❙❙ Addition ❙❙ Reciprocal
❙❙ Subtraction ❙❙ Inverted
❙❙ Multiplication ❙❙ Common logarithm
❙❙ Division ❙❙ Natural logarithm
❙❙ Maximum ❙❙ Derivation
❙❙ Minimum ❙❙ Integral
❙❙ Square ❙❙ IIR Low Pass Filter
❙❙ Root ❙❙ IIR High Pass Filter
❙❙ Amount
❙❙ Pos. Wave
Fig. 9.3: Formula editor for formula sets ❙❙ Neg. Wave

35
Analysis

For each corresponding equation, the input channels CH1, use the universal knob to enter the name of your choice
CH2, CH3, CH4 and an adjustable constant are allowed as and you can save it by using the ACCEPT key. The name
OPERAND (sources). For the formula MA2, MA1 is added will now be displayed Instead of the generic labels MA1 to
as source, for MA3 the added source is MA2, for MA4 it is MA5. You can specify the names for all equations separa-
MA3 and finally for MA5 the added source is MA4. From tely. Once all equations, constants and names have been
these five equations, you can create, save and retrieve a entered, you may also choose a name for this formula set
total of five different sets. New equations can be added by by pressing the NAME key in the formula set menu and
using the universal knob to select the menu item NEW in entering the name of your choice.
the formula set editor. Pressing the soft menu key ADD al-
lows you to edit the new equation. 9.1.3 Example for using the extended math

Fig. 9.4: Entry of constants and units Fig. 9.5: Definition of the current equation

Use the soft menu key EDIT CONSTANT and the universal This example shows the analysis of an electrical energy
knob in the CURSOR/MENU section to choose from the waveform. The voltage across the load is being measured
following constants: with differential probe and applied to channel 2. The cur-
❙❙ Pi rent is being measured with a current probe and applied to
❙❙ 2x Pi channel 1. First, the conversion factor of the current probe
❙❙ 0,5 x Pi (100 mV/A) will be entered. The formula set 1 will be ope-
❙❙ User 1 to 10 (up to 10 customized constants are available) ned and the equation MA1 will be defined. After pushing
the soft menu key EDIT, the appropriate functions can be
For instance, if you select USER1 as constant, you can selected using the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU
press the soft menu key VALUE and use the universal knob section. In this example, channel CH1 will be multiplied
in the CURSOR/MENU section to select a numeric value. with a constant (0.1) and the unit A (Ampere) will be assi-
You can apply the same method to set a DECIMAL POINT gned. This ensures the correct display of the scale factors
and enter an additional SI prefix (soft menu key PREFIX). as well as the units for cursors and automatic measure-
You may choose a UNIT from the same SI prefixes as ments. The equation MA1 can be named „CURRENT using
those that are available in the soft menu EDIT. Press SAVE the soft menu key LABEL.
to store these settings as USER 1 and return to the menu
to edit the equation. You can store up to 10 of these custo-
mized constants. When saving a formula set, you may also
add a comment (soft menu key COMMENT). Press the key
SAVE to save this formula set with the determined name
and comment to the selected location. Stored formula sets
may be reloaded at any time. Press the MATH key to acti-
vate the Mathematics menu and then press the MENU key
below the VOLTS/DIV key. This menu displays the menu
item LOAD. This will start the file manager which will dis-
play the internal memory or the connected USB stick as
possible storage location. Select the respective formula set
file and press the key LOAD to load the file. It will be calcu-
lated, but will not be included in the display. You can also
choose a NAME with a maximum of 8 characters, load a
formula set (from the internal memory or from a USB stick)
or save a formula set (internally or on a USB stick). You can Fig. 9.6: Definition of the power equation

36
 Analysis

Afterwards, a new equation MA2 will be entered and ad- tion can be determined by selecting the center value. You
justed. The result of the equation calculation „CURRENT“ may use the horizontal encoder X Position for this purpose.
and channel CH2 will be multiplied which will be yielded The shown frequency range ranges from (Center - Span/2)
to a power curve. The equation MA2 can be named „PO- to (Center + Span/2).
WER“ using the soft menu key LABEL. At last, a 3rd equa-
The minimum increment depends on the time base. The greater the
tion MA3 will be added to the set of formulas which will
time base, the smaller the span. Another important element for the
be defined as the integral of the equation „POWER“. The
FFT is the setting “Max. Sampling Rate” in the ACQUIRE menu.
equation MA3 can be named „ENERGY“ using the soft
menu key LABEL. The soft menu key MODE allows you to choose from the
following display types:
Now, all definitions will be completed and the results can ❙❙ REFRESH:
be displayed and analysed. The math analysis can be per- This mode calculates and displays the FFT without
formed with cursor or automatic measurement functions. additional evaluation or editing of the captured data. The
All measurement results will be correctly shown and sca- new input data is captured, displayed and overwrites
led with correct units: Ampere, Watt, Joule. previously stored and displayed values.
❙❙ ENVELOPE:
9.2 Frequency Analysis (FFT) In the Envelope mode, the maximum deflections of all
In general, the FFT in an oscilloscope works differently than spectra will be stored separately in addition to the current
in a spectrum analyzer and is affected not only by the time spectrum and will be updated with each new spectrum.
base setting, but also by the available number of used These maximum values will be displayed with the input
acquired data points when calculating the FFT. The data and create an envelope curve. The spectrum is
R&S®HMO1002 allows you to include up to 65k point in the located within the envelope limits. This forms an area or a
FFT. sleeve including all occurrences of FFT signal values.
With each signal parameter change the envelope curve
The FFT is not suitable for the analysis of very slow signals (Hz- will be reset.
range); this type of analysis requires a classic oscilloscope mode. ❙❙ AVERAGE:
This mode calculates the mean value from several
spectra. It is applicable for noise reduction. The soft
menu key #AVERAGES allows you to select the number
of spectra used to calculate the mean value by setting
the universal knob in the power of 2 from 2 to 512.

The menu entry POINTS allows you to select the maximum

number of capture points to be included in the calculation
by using the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section.
The possible settings are 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768,
65536 points. The soft menu WINDOWS allows you to
improve the FFT display in case of irregularities at the
margins of the measurement interval. Irregularities are
calculated as a leap by a computing algorithm and interfere
with the measurement result. In the event of a bell-shaped
Fig. 9.7: FFT illustration window function, the margins with lower values are

The FFT menu in the ANALYZE section allows a quick Fou-

rier transformation which displays the frequency spect-
rum of the measured signal. The changed display allows
you to determine the most frequent frequencies in the sig-
nal and the corresponding amplitude. Once the FFT key
was pressed, the screen will be divided into two graticu-
les. The upper left of the display shows information about
the settings in the time range, the area between the upper
and the lower window shows details about zoom and po-
sition, and the section below the large FFT display window
indicates the settings (Span and Center) in the frequency
range. The lower FFT display window will be outlined in
white when the FFT is activated. This means that the large
knob in the time range section is used to select the span.
The span is specified in the unit Hz (Hertz) and identifies
the width of the shown frequency range. The span posi- Fig. 9.8: Advanced FFT menu

37
Analysis

multiplied and the impact is damped. The soft menu item ❙❙ Maximum voltage (Vp+)
WINDOW allows you to choose from the following window ❙❙ Mean voltage (Mean)
functions: ❙❙ Minimum voltage (Vp-)
❙❙ Rise time (tr)
Hanning: The Hanning window function is ❙❙ Fall time (tf)
bell-shaped. In contrast to the Hamming win-
dow function, it is equal to zero at the margin of The following ten measurement values are displayed at the
the measurement interval. Therefore the noise level is re- bottom of the screen:
duced in the spectrum and the width of the spectral lines ❙❙ RMS value Period
is increased. This function is useful for a precise amplitude ❙❙ Peak to peak voltage Frequency
measurement of a period signal, for instance. ❙❙ Amplitude Number of positive /slopes
❙❙ Pos. pulse width Neg. pulse width
Hamming: The Hamming window func- ❙❙ Pos. duty ratio Neg. duty ratio
tion is bell-shaped. In contrast to the Hanning
and Blackman window function, it is not equal Pressing the AUTO MEASURE key allows you to change
to zero at the margin of the measurement interval. There- the six measurement parameters on the bottom right. You
fore the height of the noise level in the spectrum is grea- may undo these changes by choosing RESET or restore
ter than with the Hanning and Blackman window function the default setting. Only one channel can be active in the
but less than with the square wave window function. How- Quickview mode. All measurements will be performed on
ever, the spectral lines not as wide as in other bell-shaped the active channel. Pressing the QUICK VIEW key again
functions. This function is useful for a precise amplitude switched off the function.
measurement of a period signal, for instance.

Blackman: The Blackman window function 9.4 PASS/FAIL Test Based on Masks
is bell-shaped and its waveform features the The Pass/Fail test allows you to evaluate if a signal is located
steepest fall-off among the available functions. within defined limits. This limits are set by a so-called mask.
Is is zero at both ends of the measurement interval. The If the signal exceeds the mask, there is an error. These er-
Blackman window function allows you to measure the am- rors will be displayed together with successful sweeps and
plitudes with high accuracy. However, it is more difficult the total of all sweeps at the bottom of the screen. It is also
to determine the frequency due to the wide spectral lines. possible to perform certain actions if errors are discovered.
This function is useful for a precise amplitude measure-
ment of a period signal, for instance.

RECTANGLE: The rectangle function multiplies

all points by 1. This results in a high frequency
accuracy with narrow spectral lines and incre-
ased noise. This function can be used for pulse
response tests with start and end values of zero.

The menu item Y-SCALING allows you to scale the FFT in

the amplitude logarithmically (dBm / dBV) or linear (Veff).
The unit dBm (Decibel-Milliwatt) refers to 1mW. The unit
dBV (Decibel-Volt) refers to 1Veff. The displayed values re-
fer to a 50Ω terminating resistor. You can use an external
terminating resistor parallel to the high impedance input.
You can deactivate the FFT function by pressing the soft
Fig. 9.9: PASS/FAIL mask test.
menu key FFT OFF or pressing the FFT key on the control
panel again.
Press the QUICKVIEW key 10 in the ANALYZE section of
the control panel and press the soft menu key PASS/FAIL
9.3 Quick View to activate the mode which opens a menu to set and use
Pressing the QUICKVIEW key 10 in the ANALYZE sec- the mask test. Prior to starting the test by pressing the top
tion activates several basic automatic measurements. The soft menu key TEST ON/OFF, it is necessary to generate
QUICK VIEW function allows a quick overview of the typi- or load a mask and to select an action. To generate a new
cal signal size. Measurement results are displayed at the mask, press the soft menu key NEW MASK. Masks are dis-
bottom of the screen and with a cursor on the signal. The played as light gray curves/waveforms on the screen. If a
following five measurement values are displayed directly in mask was copied or loaded, you can use menu items to
the signal: change the expansion of the signal form and consequently
the limits for the test. In the menu that opens you can use

38
 Analysis

the key COPY CHANNEL to copy the current signal into a from the front panel BNC connectors (see the following pa-
mask memory. The mask displays in white and appears as ragraph: „Test in circuits“). The test principle is a generator
an overlay of the output signal. The menu keys Y-POSITION within the R&S®HMO Compact series generates a 50 Hz or
and STRETCH Y enable you to shift this curve vertically or 200 Hz (±10 %) sine wave which feeds the series connec-
to enlarge it. The two menu items WIDTH Y and WIDTH tion of the test object and a sense resistor. If the test ob-
X allow you to set the tolerance for the mask. The univer- ject has only a real part such as a resistor, both voltages will
sal knob or the KEYPAD button in the CURSOR/MENU sec- be in phase; the display will be a straight line, more or less
tion are used to enter values with a resolution of 1/100 divi- slanted. Is the test object short-circuited, the line will be
sion. A mask includes a minimum and a maximum value for vertical (no voltage, current maximum). If the test object is
each captured data value. The minimum and maximum va- open-circuited or missing a horizontal line will appear (vol-
lue for a source curve with only one value per data are iden- tage, but no current). The angle of the line with the horizon-
tical. The width indicates the distance between the periphe- tal is a measure of the resistance value, allowing for measu-
ral points and the original point. The greater the selected va- rements of resistors between Ω and kΩ.
lue is, the greater are the potential curve deviations in the
amplitude. The tolerance mask is displayed in white in the
background. The generated and edited mask can be used
immediately for the test, however, it is only saved tempora-
rily in the instrument storage. The soft menu key SAVE can
be used to store the mask permanently to a USB stick or to
the internal memory. Press the key MENU OFF to return to
the start menu.

Press the soft menu key LOAD MASK to open a file browser
which allows you to load previously stored masks for the
test (file extension .HMK). A loaded mask can be changed
in the menu NEW MASK. Changes will be applied to the file
when the mask is edited and saved. Pressing the soft menu
key ACTIONS in the PASS/FAIL main menu opens a menu
with the available actions. The following four actions can be
performed:
❙❙ Audio signal if the tolerance limits have been exceeded
❙❙ Stop for first-time failure (number is adjustable)
❙❙ Pulse for first-time failure (emits a pulse at the AUX output
in case of failure) Fig. 9.10: Component tester at short
❙❙ Screen dump for first-time failure on USB stick
❙❙ Screen dump for first-time failure on printer
If components are tested which are located in circuits or instru-
An action is performed if the respective condition is met ments, the circuits resp. instruments must be disconnected first!
(e.g. a specific number of mask failures). Each action is as- If they are operated from the mains, the mains plug of the test
signed a unique condition which can be defined separately object has to be pulled out. This ensures that there will be no
from the other actions. The respective condition can be de- loops between the scope and the test object via the safety earth
fined in the menu for the corresponding action. Select the which might cause false results.
respective action by pressing the appropriate soft menu
key; the corresponding soft menu item will be highlighted in Capacitors and inductors cause phase shift between vol-
blue. Press the MENU OFF key to return to the main menu tage and current and hence between the voltages. This will
and to start the mask test. cause displays of ellipses. The location and the form factor
of the ellipse are determined by the apparent impedance at
9.5 Component test 50 Hz (resp. 200 Hz). Capacitors can be measured between
9.5.1 General µF and mF. An ellipse with its longer axis horizontal indi-
The R&S®HMO Compact series has a built-in component cates a high impedance (small capacitance or large induc-
tester. This can be activated by pushing the XY/CT button tance). An ellipse with its longer axis vertical indicates a low
(VERTICAL section) with the soft menu key CT. The unit un- impedance (large capacitance or small inductance). An el-
der test is connected to the two contacts below the screen. lipse with its longer axis slanted indicates a relatively large
After switch on the component tester mode, the Y preamp- resistive loss in series with the impedance of the capacitor
lifiers and the time base are disconnected. While using the or inductor.
component tester, signals may be present at the inputs as
long as the unit under test is not connected to any other cir- Only discharged capacitors may be tested!
cuit. It is possible to test components remaining in their cir-
cuits, but in such cases all signals must be disconnected With semiconductors the transition from the non-conduc-

39
Analysis

Like mentioned in the chapter Safety, all measurement connec- Please note that with semiconductors changing the pola-
tors as well as COMP.TESTER contacts are connected to the rity (e.g. by exchanging the COMP.TESTER and ground ter-
mains safety earth (in proper operation). As long as individual minals) will cause the display to rotate 180 degrees around
components are tested, this has no consequences because these the screen center. More important in practice is the quick
components are not connected to the mains safety earth. determination of plain shorts and opens which are the
most common causes of requiring service.
ting to the conducting state will be indicated in their charac-
teristic. As far as is possible with the available voltages and It is highly recommended to observe the necessary precautions
currents the forward and backward characteristics are dis- when handling MOS components which can be destroyed by sta-
played (e.g. with zener diodes up to 9 V). Because this is a tic charges and even tribo electricity.
two-pole measurement, the gain of a transistor can not be
determined, however, the B-C, B-E, C-E diodes can be mea- 9.5.2 In-circuit tests
sured. With this exception the diodes can be measured wi- They are possible in many cases but deliver rarely clear re-
thout fear of destruction as the maximum voltage is limi- sults. By paralleling of real or complex impedances – es-
ted to 9 V and the current to a few mA. This implies, howe- pecially if those are fairly low impedance at 50 Hz/200 Hz
ver, that a measurement of breakdown voltages > 9 V is not – there will be mostly great differences compared to indi-
possible. In general this is no disadvantage because, if there vidual components. If circuits of the same type have to be
is a defect in a circuit, gross deviations are to be expected tested often (service), comparisons with intact circuits may
which will point to the defective component. Rather exact help again. This is also quickly done because the intact cir-
results may be achieved if the measurements are compared cuit has not to be functional, also it should not be ener-
to those of intact components. This is especially true for se- gized. Just probe the various test points with the cables
miconductors. The polarity of diodes or transistors can thus of the component tester of the unit under test and the in-
be identified if the lettering or marking is missing. Please tact unit and compare the screen displays. Sometimes the
note that with semiconductors changing the polarity will unit under test may already contain an intact portion of the
cause the display to rotate 180 degrees around the screen same type, this ist e.g. the case with stereo circuits, push-
center. More important in practice is the quick determina- pull circuits or symmetrical bridge circuits. In cases of doubt
tion of plain shorts and opens which are the most common one side of the dubious component can be unsoldered and
causes of requiring service. this free contact should be connected to the COMP.TES-
TER contact which is not identified as the ground contact.
This will reduce hum pick-up. The contact with the ground
symbol is connected to the scope chassis and is thus not
susceptible to hum pick-up.

Fig. 9.11: Excamples of Component test

40
 Documentation, Storage and Recall

10 Documentation,
tings file has been selected, you can load the file by pres-
sing the soft menu key LOAD. To remove files that are no
longer required you can use the universal knob to select

Storage and Recall the respective settings file and remove it by pressing the
soft menu key REMOVE FILE. If a USB stick is connected,
you can also change and delete directories. Use the soft
menu key SORT ENTRIES to sort several settings files by
The oscilloscope allows all screen displays that store user name, type, size or date.
settings (e.g. trigger condition and time base setting),
reference curves, formularies and traces. An internal
memory integrated with the instrument is available for
reference curves and instrument settings. Screenshots and
trace data can also be stored on a connected USB stick.
The USB stick should not exceed 4 GB and must be FAT format-
ted (FAT32). It should be avoided to store a large number of files
on the USB stick.

You can access the main menu to store and load func-
tions by pressing the SAVE/RECALL key in the GENERAL
section.

10.1 Device settings

Fig. 10.2: Storing instrument settings

The soft menu IMPORT/EXPORT allows you to copy a file

from an internal memory to an external storage medium
(USB stick) or vice versa. Source (SOURCE FILE) and tar-
get (DEST. PATH) must be selected for copying. Use the
universal knob to select a storage location which will open
a file manager. Pressing the IMPORT/EXPORT key by de-
fault will copy the selected settings file.

To import or export instrument settings, you must have a USB

stick connected, otherwise the menu cannot be selected.

The menu item DEFAULT SETT. also allows you to load the
Fig. 10.1: Basic menu for device settings factory default settings.

The soft menu DEVICE SETTINGS allows you to save cur- 10.2 References
rent instrument settings load saved settings and import or References are data sets which consist of settings infor-
export instrument settings. mation and A/D converter data. These may be stored and
reloaded internally or externally. Data can be reloaded into
Press the soft menu key SAVE to open the Save menu. one of the 4 reference memories (RE1 to RE4) which can
You can use the soft menu key STORAGE to select a pos- also be displayed. The main feature of references is the
sible location (internal memory or front USB connection) fact that all information (e.g. vertical gain, time base set-
where you would like to save the instrument settings. Pres- ting, A/D converter data) is included when saving or reloa-
sing this key opens the file manager. The FILE NAME can ding, enabling a comparison between the original signal
be changed or adjusted to the corresponding setting (SET and its corresponding values.
is the default label). You can use the soft menu key COM-
MENT to enter a comment which will be displayed in the The soft menu REFERENCES only allows you to import or
file manager footer once a file has been selected. The export references (IMPORT/EXPORT). The transfer of re-
option SAVE allows you to store the settings. To reload ferences to other R&S®HMO instruments is possible. The
stored preference files, press the respective soft menu key standard menu for the file manager opens which allows
to open the soft menu LOAD. This opens the file manager you to copy references between the internal memory and
where you can use the universal knob to select the respec- the external USB stick. The top soft menu SOURCE allows
tive file. Once the storage location and the respective set- you to use the universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU sec-
tion to select the source for the reference to be saved. You
Device settings of an older firmware version can not be loaded can select from the activated channels and mathemati-
with a newer firmware version. cal curves. Open the menu to store and load by pressing

41
Documentation, Storage and Recall

the REF key in the VERTICAL section of the control pa-

nel. With the soft menu key RE1 to RE4 up to 4 references
can be activated. The top soft menu SOURCE allows you
to use the universal knob to select the source for the refe-
rence to be saved. You can select from the activated chan-
nels and mathematical curves. Press the soft menu key
DISPLAY to display the selected reference curve or to up-
date the current reference curve.

Fig. 10.4: Menu for storing curves

The soft menu CURVE allows you to use the univer-

sal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section to select a chan-
nel which will be saved as a curve. You may only select
channels that have been activated via channel keys. The
soft menu key FILE NAME opens the menu for the name
entry, where you can use the universal knob or the KEY-
Fig. 10.3: Storage menu for references PAD key in the CURSOR/MENU section to enter a name
and confirm your entry by pressing ACCEPT (TRC is the
To load a reference from a USB stick or the internal me- default name). The curve main menu will display automa-
mory, open the soft menu LOAD. This shows a window tically. You can open a selection window by pressing the
displaying the internally stored references. You can se- soft menu key FORMAT to determine the file format. The
lect the desired target reference curve in the top menu universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section allows you
item and by pressing LOAD in the file manager. To com- to select the desired format. You can choose from the fol-
plete loading and displaying the reference, press LOAD in lowing formats:
the file manager menu again. To save a reference, press ❙❙ BIN:
the SAVE key, determine the source, storage location, file A binary file may contain any type of Byte value. The
name and curve, and press the soft menu key SAVE (with captured curve data will be stored without any time
the disk icon). The FILE NAME can be changed or adjusted information.
to the corresponding setting (REF ist the default label). You ❙❙ CSV (Comma Separated Values):
can use the soft menu key COMMENT to enter a comment In CSV files, curve data is stored in table format. Each
which will be displayed in the file manager footer once a table row is separated by a comma.
file has been selected.
Example:
[s],CH1[V]
10.3 Traces -4.99500E-07,-2.601E-03
In addition to references, you can also store A/D converter -4.99000E-07,-6.012E-04
data. Traces can only be stored to externally connected -4.98500E-07,-6.012E-04
USB sticks (not internally). Depending on the selected time -4.98000E-07,1.399E-03
base and sample rate in the ACQUIRE menu (AUTOMATIC,
MAX. SAMPLE RATE or MAX. WAVEFORM RATE) the If you choose the “Max. Sampling Rate” in the ACQUIRE menu,
maximum read-out measurement points varies.. two rows will be affixed with a time stamp during the CSV export
The full memory can only be read out via interface in STOP mode because a minimum and a maximum value must be assigned to
with the maximum sampling rate setting (ACQUIRE menu). this time value. To acquire an amplitude value per time stamp, ac-
tivate “Automatic” in the ACQUIRE menu.
In the soft menu STORAGE the USB connection on the
front of the instrument is selected as storage location. Se- ❙❙ TXT:
lecting the respective storage location is possible when a TXT files are ASCII files that only contain amplitude
USB stick has been recognized. If a USB stick is connec- values (no time values). Amplitude values are separated
ted, you can also change, create or delete directories. Use by a comma. The value pairs are listed as single values
the soft menu key SORT ENTRIES to sort several settings without identification.
files by name, type, size or date. Press ACCEPT DIR. to
confirm the target directory and you will automatically re- Example:
turn to the curve main menu. 1.000E-02,1.000E-02,1.000E-02,1.000E-02,3.000E-02

42
 Documentation, Storage and Recall

❙❙ HRT (HAMEG Reference Time): Files with this extension 6) and Postscript settings are supported as „printer lan-
are reference curves of the time domain. If the displayed guage“ (PCL-3 is not supported). If a printer is detected,
curve is saved in this format, it can be used in the the soft menu key Print will no longer be grayed out.
reference menu. The HRT format also allows you to
generate files that can be reloaded into the oscilloscope
via reference menu.

You can use the soft menu key COMMENT to enter a com-
ment which will be displayed in the file manager footer Fig. 10.5: Supported printer example
once a file has been selected. After you made all entries,
press the menu key STORE to save the selected curve(s) The supported printer will be displayed in the soft menu
according to the settings. DEVICE INFOS. The message „This printer is supported“
does not guaranteed the the connected printer will be sup-
10.4 Screenshots ported. This message only means that the USB printer
The most important format to store information for docu- connection was successful and the important printer pro-
mentation purposes is the screenshot. A screenshot is an perties are available.(e.g. printer language PCL or PCL-XL).
image file which shows the current screen content at the Connected PLC printers send an identification string to the
time that storage takes place. The soft menu STORAGE instrument. This identification string should be for all print-
only allows you to use the USB connection on the front ers the same (standard), but there are many printers on
as storage location. Selecting the respective storage loca- the market, which have another identification string. In this
tion is possible when a USB stick has been recognized. If case, the instrument is not able to detect the printer be-
a USB stick is connected, you can also change, create or cause the instrument does not have a Windows system in-
delete directories. Use the soft menu key SORT ENTRIES ternally to handle the identification string deviation.
to sort several settings files by name, type, size or date.
Press ACCEPT DIR. to confirm the target directory and you If a printer connection is not possible, you have the pos-
will automatically return to the screenshot main menu. The sibillity to use the HMExplorer software with the screen-
soft menu key FILE NAME opens the menu for the name shot software module. The free software HMScreenshot
entry where you can use the universal knob or the KEY- (software module of the HMExplorer software) enables the
PAD key in the CURSOR/MENU section to enter a name transfer of screenshots in bitmap format from the device
and confirm your entry by pressing ACCEPT (SCR is the via interface to a connected PC where the screenshots
default name). The screenshot main menu will display au- may then be saved or printed. For additional information
tomatically. The file format of a graphics file determines on the software, refer to the internal HMExplorer software
the color depth and the type of compression. The quality manual.
of the various formats is identical for the oscilloscope gra-
phics. You can choose from the following file formats:
❙❙ BMP = Windows Bitmap Format
❙❙ GIF = Graphics Interchange Format
❙❙ PNG = Portable Network Graphic

With the soft menu key COLOR MODE and the universal
knob in the CURSOR/MENU section you can choose from
the following color modes:
❙❙ GRAYSCALE:
If GRAYSCALE is selected, the colors are converted to
gray scales when the waveform is stored
❙❙ COLOR:
If COLOR is selected, the waveform is stored as it displays
in the screen,
❙❙ INVERT:
Fig. 10.6: Screenshot-Modul
If INVERT is activated, waveform is stored in color with
white background.
Press the RUN/STOP key to stop acquisition prior to printing
which will allow a correct printout.
If you press the key SAVE, the current screen will be saved
immediately to the selected storage location with the se-
lected name and format.

10.4.1 Printer To achieve prints with well-defined contrasts when using the
The soft menu key Print allows you to print a screenshot color mode INVERTED, the curve intensity should set to (via
immediately to a connected printer. PCL-5, PCL-XL (= PCL- INTENS/PERSIST and universal knob) approx. 70%.

43
Documentation, Storage and Recall

10.5 Formula Sets

In the soft menu FORMULARIES you can import or export
formula sets. This allows the data exchange between diffe-
rent storage media (internal memory / external USB sticks).
The exact procedure is described in chapter 9.1.2.

10.6 FILE/PRINT Key Definition

The FILE/PRINT key in the GENERAL section allows you
to save instrument settings, curves, screenshots and
screenshot settings simultaneously with just one key. As
described in previous chapters, you must first select the
corresponding settings for storage location, name etc.
The soft menu key FILE/PRINT in the SAVE/RECALL main
menu opens the setup menu for the FILE/PRINT key. You
may choose from the following actions:
❙❙ DEVICE SETTINGS: Stores settings
❙❙ TRACES: Stores curves
❙❙ SCREENSHOTS: Stores screenshots
❙❙ SCREEN & SETUP: Stores screenshots and settings
❙❙ PRINT: Prints directly to a compatible printer (Postscript,
some PCL and PCLX capable printer)

If you press the respective soft menu key to activate the

required operation, the corresponding menu will be dis-
played with a blue background. Press the MENU OFF key
to quit the selection menu. If you press the FILE/PRINT
key, the selected function will be performed.

Fig. 10.7: Definition of FILE/PRINT key

44
 Mixed-Signal Operation

11 Mixed-Signal
You may now choose the Y position and the size of the lo-
gic channel display just as you would for the analog chan-
nels. Use the knobs Y-POSITION 18 and VOLTS/DIV 20 to

Operation select the settings (if the soft menu key “0/7“ is selected,
indicated by a blue background). If you wish to display fe-
wer than 8 logic channels or change the position and size
of a particular logic channel, you can use the short menu
As a standard, the R&S®HMO Compact series is equip- in combination with the soft menu keys (channel 0 to 7)
ped with the connectors for the R&S®HO3508 logic probe and the buttons Y-POSITION  18 and VOLTS/DIV 20 to se-
to add 8 digital logic inputs. All software required for the lect the respective settings. You can choose a channel by
mixed signal operation is already included in the firmware pressing the and soft menu keys. This allows you to re-
of each instrument. It is only necessary to purchase and size and position specific channels individually.
connect the active R&S®HO3508 logic probe (8 channels).
With 4-channel instrument types the activation of the Pod You can reset the position and size of the individual lo-
will deactivate the analog channel 3. The configuration of 3 gic channels on page 2|2 of the POD menu. You also have
analog channels plus 8 digital logic channels are possible. the option to label the individual bits of the logic chan-
nel by using the soft menu NAME. This name will be dis-
played on the grid and the printout. Your first option is to
switch the display on (ON) or off (OFF). The next option in-
cludes the menu item LIBRARY. After selecting this option,
you can use the universal knob to choose a name from se-
veral suggestions. The EDIT LABEL key allows you to en-
ter a completely new name or to customize the suggested
name. You may enter up to 8 characters. Use the ACCEPT
key to confirm the name in the editor. It will then be shown
in the display. The name is assigned to that specific signal
and will move alongside any set offset value.

Fig. 11.1: Optional logic probe R&S®HO3508

11.1 Logic Trigger for Digital Input

Please find an additional description of the logic trigger for the

inputs of the logic probe in chapter 6.5.

11.2 Display Functions for the Logic Channels

With the 4-channel instrument types the short menu is
used to switch an analog channel to a digital channel. If Fig. 11.2: Logic channels’ settings display
channel CH3 is activated and the short menu is displayed,
the digital channels 0 to 7 can be switched on via PO soft
menu key. To switch on the digital channels with 2-chan- 11.3 Display of Logic Channels as BUS
nel instrument types, press the POD key in the VERTICAL You also have the option to combine digital channels to
section. The digital channels 0 to 7 will now display on the form buses which will then be displayed on the screen as
screen. a cell in a table. Basically, two independent buses are pos-
sible. For instance, it would be possible to combine an 8
For the logic channels, a logic „1“ will be indicated by a bar bit address bus and an 8 bit data bus. To select the set-
that is two pixels wide, and a logic „0“ will be indicated by tings for the buses, press the BUS button in he VERTI-
a bar that is one pixel wide. The set logic level and a figure CAL section. Then press the MENU button in the VERTI-
which shows the logical states will be shown next to the CAL section. In the menu that opens you can press the top
name POD in the information field in the bottom left of the soft menu key BUS to select which BUS you want to de-
display. fine, B1 or B2. You can use the soft menu key BUS TYPE
to choose the BUS type for the display and the analy-
You must always set the level to distinguish between the logic sis. The BUS type determines the bus structure and is or-
states (High/Low) in the VERTICAL MENU.. ganized differently depending on serial vs. parallel or the

45
Mixed-Signal Operation

number of data and clock signals. The universal knob al- ❙❙ TIME:
lows you to select the BUS type PARALLEL or PARALLEL The display will include the time position of both cursors
CLOCKED. Select CONFIGURATION to determine the bus relative to the trigger time, the time difference between
source and structure. The contents of the menu change the two positions and the resulting frequency.
with the selected BUS type. After pressing the top soft ❙❙ RATIO X:
menu key BUS WIDTH, you can use the universal knob to In this measurement type, three cursors are used to
select a bus width from 1-8 bits. The table displaying the display a time ratio between the first two cursors plus the
bit assignments will be adjusted dynamically depending first and third cursor. The results are shown in floating
on your choice. Each bit of the displayed bus has a source. point format, in percent, in degrees and in radians.
The source refers to the individual POD bits. Based on the ❙❙ V-MARKER:
measurement setup, the sources can be assigned via soft For the logic channels, the logic value of the selected POD
menu key SOURCE and the universal knob in the CUR- will be measured at the respective cursor and shown in
SOR/MENU section. hexadecimal and decimal format.

The soft menu keys PREVIOUS/NEXT BIT allow you to 11.5 Automatic Measurements for Logic Channels
move the position of the selection bar for the source of If the logic channels are activated, you can use the au-
the individual bits. The selected bit is highlighted in blue. tomatic measurement functions to determine several
The left side of the table contains the bits in fixed se- parameters.
quence, beginning at the top with D0 (= LSB). The univer- For all activated logic channels of a POD, you can choose
sal knob allows you to assign a real logic channel to the from the measurement types:
selected BUS bit. The allocation is not subject to restric- ❙❙ FREQUENCY
tions; you can also use partially identical logic channels in ❙❙ PERIOD
the two possible buses. If you select PARALLEL CLOCKED ❙❙ PULSE WIDTH +/–
as BUS TYPE, you can also use the bottom soft menu key ❙❙ DUTY CYCLE+/–
CONTROL WIRES to select sources for CHIP SELECT, and ❙❙ DELAY
you can use the universal knob to select the settings for ❙❙ PHASE
CLOCK. The soft menu key ACTIVE is used to determine if ❙❙ BURST WIDTH
the chip select signal High or Low Active is selected. ❙❙ COUNT PULSE +/–
The soft menu key SLOPE allows you to toggle between ri- ❙❙ COUNT (pos./neg.)
sing, falling and both slopes. The active selection is always
highlighted in blue and is listed after the label CLK in the
bit source window. Press the MENU OFF button to return
to the BUS main menu.

The soft menu DISPLAY SETUP opens a menu to select

the display format and its extent. The universal knob in the
submenu allows you to choose the format to decode the
bus values. You can choose from the following formats:
❙❙ Binary
❙❙ Hexadecimal
❙❙ Decimal
❙❙ ASCII

The decoded values will be shown in the cells/tables of

the buses according to the selected format. The next soft
menu key BITS can also be used to activate (ON) or deacti-
vate (OFF) the table display for the individual bus bits. You
can use the position control knob to determine the posi-
tion of the bus display on the screen. The VOLT/DIV knob
allows you to determine the size of the table display. This
may be particularly useful for the binary display as it allows
the display of the complete value in up to 4 rows even for
short tables.

11.4 Cursor Measurements for Logic Channels

If the logic channels are activated, you may select several
parameters via cursor measurements (CURSOR MEASURE
button). For all activated logic channels of a POD, you can
choose from the following measurement types:

46
 Serial Bus Analysis

12 Serial
Depending on the installes option use the soft menu key
BUS TYPE to choose from the following BUS types:
❙❙ Parallel (Standard)

Bus Analysis ❙❙ Parallel Clocked (Standard)

❙❙ SSPI (only available with R&S®HOO10/HV110/HOO11/HV111)
❙❙ SPI (only available with R&S®HOO10/HV110/HOO11/HV111)
❙❙ I2C (only available with R&S®HOO10/HV110/HOO11/HV111)
12.1 Software options (license key) ❙❙ UART (only available with R&S®HOO10/HV110/HOO11/HV111)
The R&S®HMO Compact series can be upgraded with op- ❙❙ CAN (only available with R&S®HOO12/HV112)
tions / voucher to trigger and decode serial buses. ❙❙ LIN (only available with R&S®HOO12/HV112)

❙❙ R&S®HOO10 / R&S®HV110:
The option R&S®HOO10 resp. the voucher R&S®HV110
can be used to trigger and decode I2C, SPI and UART/
RS-232 buses on the digital channels (option logic probe
R&S®HO3508 needed) and on the analog inputs. This
option allows the decoding of two serial buses
simultaneously.
❙❙ R&S®HOO11 / R&S®HV111:
The option R&S®HOO11 resp. the voucher R&S®HV111 can
be used to trigger and decode I2C, SPI and UART/RS-232
buses on analog inputs only and it only allows the
decoding of one serial bus at a time.
❙❙ R&S®HOO12 / R&S®HV112:
The option R&S®HOO12 resp. the voucher R&S®HV112
can be used to trigger and decode CAN and LIN buses on Fig. 12.1: Menu for the definition of buses
the digital channels (option logic probe R&S®HO3508
needed) and on the analog inputs. This option allows the The soft menu key CONFIGURATION allows you to invoke
decoding of two serial buses simultaneously. a menu corresponding to the selected bus type. A menu
description can be found in the chapters of the respective
The options R&S®HOO10, R&S®HOO11 and R&S®HOO12 BUS configuration. The soft menu DISPLAY SETUP is iden-
can be ordered in combination with a R&S®HMO1002 ex tical for all buses and allows you to select the decoding
factory. The upgrade voucher R&S®HV110, R&S®HV111 format. You may choose from the following formats:
and R&S®HV112 can be activated by a software license key ❙❙ Binary
(please refer to chapter 2.7). ❙❙ Hexadecimal
❙❙ Decimal
The analysis of parallel and serial data consists of the fol- ❙❙ ASCII
lowing three basic steps:
❙❙ Protocol configuration (BUS type / protocol-specific Use the soft menu key BITS to activate or deactivate the
settings) display of individual bit lines (above the table display). The
❙❙ Decoding (Display of decoded data / Zoom / BUS table) last entry NAME in the VERTICAL menu opens a submenu
❙❙ Trigger (Start / Stop / serial samples) which allows you to enter a BUS name. This name will be
displayed on the grid and the printout. Your first option is
The serial bus analysis is performed with 1/8 of the sampling
to switch the display on (ON) or off (OFF). The next op-
rate.
tion includes the menu item LIBRARY. After selecting this
option, you can use the universal knob to choose a name
12.2 Serial Bus Configuration from several suggestions. The EDIT LABEL key allows you
to enter a completely new name or to customize the sug-
Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct
gested name. You may enter up to 8 characters. Use the
logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default
ACCEPT key to confirm the name in the editor. It will then
setting is 500 mV.
be shown in the display. The name is assigned to that spe-
It is necessary to define a BUS before you can determine cific signal.
the settings for the serial trigger and decoding functions. A
maximum of two buses, B1 and B2, may be defined. Press 12.2.1 BUS Table
the BUS button in the VERTICAL section. This will open The soft menu BUS TABLE allows you to configure / ex-
a short menu where you can press the bottom soft menu port a list of all decoded messages in storage. The table
key B1 or B2. Additionally you can use the MENU button in content is protocol specific and the table display can be
the VERTICAL section and the top soft menu key to define activated for each individual BUS type. The top soft menu
the respective BUS (B1 or B2). key BUS TABLE allows you to activate or deactivate the list

47
Serial Bus Analysis

view (blue highlighted). By default, the table is displayed at 12.2.2 Bus Signal Source
the bottom of the screen. Generally, a complete message The R&S®HMO Compact series features 4 contacts left of
of a protocol is displayed in a row. The columns include the channel CH1 which provide the following signals ac-
important information, e.g. address and date of the mes- cording to the respective settings:
sage. The number of rows in the table is identical to the ❙❙ Square wave: Probe compensation (standard setting),
number of complete message frames in storage. The de- frequency 1 kHz or 1 MHz.
coding results may be saved as CSV file by using the soft ❙❙ SPI: Data rates 100 kbits/s, 250 kbits/s or 1 Mbits/s
menu key SAVE (e.g. save to a USB stick). ❙❙ I2C: Data rates 100 kbits/s, 400 kbits/s or 1 Mbits/s
❙❙ UART: Data rates 9600 bits/s, 115.2 kbits/s or 1 Mbits/s
❙❙ Pattern: Frequency 1 kHz or 1 MHz
❙❙ Counter: Frequency 1 kHz or 1 MHz

The contact at the upper left is always ground and the sig-
nal levels are about 1 V. The following table shows how the
four outputs S1, S2, S3 and are used, depending on the
signal.

Signal S1 S2 S3
Square Wave No Signal No Signal No Signall Square Wave
SPI Chip Select Clock, Data, No Signal
Low Aktive Rising Edge High Active
I2C No Signal Clock SCL Data SDA No Signal
UART No Signal No Signal Data No Signal
Fig. 12.2: Example I2C BUS with BUS table
Pattern Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3
Make sure that a complete message of a serial protocol is always Counter Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3
displayed on the screen to ensure decoding can function pro- Tab. 13.1: Pin assignment of the BUS signal source
perly. The Zoom function allows you to view details for any speci-
fic message. Press the key SETUP in the general section and the
PROBE ADJUST & BUS SIG. SOURCE to open the bus
Example of I2C BUS table: signal source menu on page 2|2. Now you can select the
“Bus table: BUS1 (I2C: Clock SCL = D0, Dates SDA = D1)“ operational mode for the bus signal source. An information
Frame,Mark,Start time[s],Type,ID,Length,Date,Condition box is displayed for each operating mode, displaying the
1,,-197.89200e-6,Read,0x2D,5,0xF110E55D31,OK corresponding connector assignment. By pressing the re-
2,,28.00000e-9,Write,0x42,8,0xEB8DC599AE5D6FC0,OK spective soft menu key, you can open a submenu with the
3,,217.74000e-6,Write,0x3B,6,0xA113B7263E5B,OK bit rate setting of the selected operating mode. The square
4,,376.07200e-6,Read,0x0E,6,0x55C3EB71D9E8,OK wave signal for probe compensation is available with 1 kHz
5,,613.58000e-6,Write,0x66,8,0x91B86EE6655E2300,Data Error (low frequency compensation) and 1 MHz (high frequency
compensation). In the automatic mode (standard setting),
A BUS table can only be stored if the STOP mode is active.
the output will provide 1 kHz at sweep speeds from 100 µs/
The soft menu key TRACK FRAME allows you to scroll div, at faster sweep speeds 1 MHz will be available. These
through the BUS table and simultaneously jump to the cor- signals allow to check the settings for parallel and optional
responding position in the memory via universal knob to serial bus analysis.
display details on the screen. However, this is only pos-
sible if acquisition has been stopped. This option is also
available in the short menu BUS via soft menu key Trk (=
Track). If you activate the soft menu key FRAME TIME DIF-
FERENCE (highlighted in blue), the time difference to the
previous frame (data packet) will be displayed in the BUS
table. This column will be labeled in the table as Time
diff. If this function is deactivated, the absolute time in re-
lation to the trigger point will be displayed in the column
Start time. The soft menu key Tab in the BUS short
menu allows you to activate or deactivate the BUS table
without opening a menu. You can use the soft menu item
POSITION to move the table to the top or bottom of the
screen. In addition, it is possible to display the BUS table
in full screen. Select the position via universal knob in the
BUS menu or directly via soft menu key Pos in the BUS Fig. 12.3: I2C BUS signal source
short menu.

48
 Serial Bus Analysis

12.3 Parallel / Parallel Clocked BUS ❙❙ Acknowledge bit (ACK): Is issued by the recipient of the
The R&S®HMO Compact series has a Parallel and Pa- previous byte if transmission was successful (exception:
rallel Clocked BUS function installed ex factory and for read access, the master terminates the data
is able to analyze up to 7 bit lines. The soft menu key BUS transmission with a NACK bit after the last byte)
WIDTH and the universal knob allow you to select the ❙❙ Data: a series of data bytes with a ACK bit after each byte
number of bit lines. The soft menu keys PREV./NEXT BIT ❙❙ Stop condition: rising slope on SDA (Serial Data), while
allow you to move the position of the selection bar for the SCL (Serial Clock) is HIGH
source of the individual bits. The selected bit is highlighted
in blue. The left side of the table contains the bits in fixed 12.4.1 I2C BUS Configuration
sequence, beginning at the top with D0 (= LSB). The uni- Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct
versal knob allows you to assign a real logic channel to the logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default
selected BUS bit. The allocation is not subject to restric- setting is 500 mV.
tions; you can also use partially identical logic channels in
the two possible buses. If you select PARALLEL CLOCKED To decode the I2C bus it is necessary to determine du-
as BUS TYPE, you can also use the bottom soft menu key ring the bus configuration which logic channel will be con-
CONTROL WIRES to select sources for CHIP SELECT, and nected to the clock (SCL) and which one to the data line
you can use the universal knob to select the settings for (SDA). This setting is selected after choosing the BUS
CLOCK. The soft menu key ACTIVE is used to determine if TYPE I2C in the BUS menu and pressing the soft menu key
the chip select signal High or Low Active is selected. The CONFIGURATION. In the menu, choose the top soft menu
soft menu key SLOPE allows you to toggle between rising, key CLOCK SCL and use the universal knob in the CUR-
falling and both slopes. The active selection is always high- SOR/MENU section to select the source channel. You can
lighted in blue and is listed in the bit source window. Press define the data channel by pressing the soft menu key
the MENU OFF button to return to the BUS main menu. DATA SDA. A small window provides information about
the current settings. Press the MENU OFF button twice to
To trigger on parallel buses, it is recommended to use the close all menus.
logic trigger (see chapter 6.5).
If the option R&S®HOO11 resp. the voucher R&S®HV111 is ins-
talled, it it only possible to select analog channels as source. If
12.4 I2C BUS the option R&S®HOO10 resp. the voucher R&S®HV110 is installed,
The I2C bus is a two-wire bus which was developed by both analog and digital channels are available as source.
Philips (today known as NXP Semiconductor). A I2C BUS
has the following properties:
❙❙ Two wire bus (2-wire): Clock (SCL) and data (SDA)
❙❙ Master-Slave Communication: the master provides the
clock pulse and selects the slave
❙❙ Addressing: Each slave can be addressed via unique
address; multiple slaves can be linked with each other and
can be addressed by the same master
❙❙ Read/Write bit: Master reads data (=1) or writes data (=0)
❙❙ Acknowledge: issued after each byte

The format of a simple I2C message (frame) with an

address length of 7 bit is structured as follows:
❙❙ Start condition: Falling slope on SDA (Serial Data), while
SCL (Serial Clock) is HIGH
❙❙ 7 bit address (write or read slave) Fig. 12.5: Menu for the definition of I2C sources
❙❙ Read/Write bit (R/W): Indicates, if the data is to be
written or read out from the slave Certain portions of the I2C messages will be displayed in
color to distinguish between the different elements. If the
data lines are selected with the table display, the respec-
tive sections will also be displayed in color. These are de-
scribed as follows:
❙❙ Read address: Yellow
❙❙ Write address: Magenta
❙❙ Data: Cyan
❙❙ Start: White
❙❙ Stop: White
❙❙ No acknowledge: Red
Fig. 12.4: I2C 7 bit address ❙❙ Acknowledge: Green

49
Serial Bus Analysis

12.4.2 I2C Bus Triggering

After the BUS configuration, it will be possible to trig-
ger on various events. Press the TYPE button in the TRIG-
GER section and choose the soft menu key SERIAL BU-
SES. Then press the SOURCE button in the TRIGGER sec-
tion and choose I2C Bus. This will only be available if it was
configured earlier. Press the FILTER button in the TRIGGER
section to list all available I2C trigger conditions.
Following trigger conditions can be defined:
❙❙ START: The oscilloscope triggers on the frame start
sequence.The start sequence is the falling slope on SDA
when SCL is high.
❙❙ STOP: The oscilloscope triggers on the frame stop
sequence. The start signal is the rising slope on SDA
when SCL is high. Fig. 12.7: I2C READ/WRITE trigger menu
❙❙ RESTART: The oscilloscope triggers, if a new start
sequence occurs before the stop condition. The new start observing bus participant to be triggered. The soft menu
signal is a repeated start signal. DATA enables you to enter specific data in addition to the
❙❙ NOT-ACKNOWLEDGE: The NOT-ACKNOWLEDGE bit is address. With this menu, you can trigger on clearly
the 9th bit in a data or address unit of the SDA line. For defined data bytes (color cyan) within the transmission,
NOT-ACKNOWLEDGE, the Acknowledge bit is on SDA allowing you to filter out irrelevant transmissions. You can
high, although it should be low. trigger on up to 24 bit (3 byte) of data. An offset of 0 to
❙❙ READ/WRITE: The soft menu key READ/WRITE offers 4095 to the address is allowed. Select BYTE OFFSET
additional trigger options. You can use the soft menu key which defines the distance between the bytes relevant
MASTER to toggle the trigger condition between read and for the trigger condition and the address. In most cases,
write access. The 8th bit of the first data unit (depending the byte offset is zero if the trigger is to occur on the
on the address length) is used to distinguish between maximum first 24 bits after the address. The soft menu
read and write access. The selected condition is displayed key NUMBER OF BYTES allows you to define how many
in the I2C settings window and is highlighted by the menu bytes are to be analyzed for the trigger condition. The
key in blue. The address length (in bit) defines the input may be binary or hexadecimal (PATTERN INPUT). If
maximum number of slave addresses to be used with the binary input is selected, the individual bits can be
bus. For a 7 bit address length, the maximum number of assigned to any condition via soft menu key SELECT BIT
available addresses is 112. The 10 bit addressing mode is and the universal knob. The soft menu key STATE allows
downward compatible with the 7 bit addressing mode by you to set the state H (=1), L (=0) or X (don’t care) for
using 4 of 16 reserved addresses and can be used each bit. The state X defines any state. If the input is
simultaneously. For a 10 bit address length, a total of hexadecimal, only the entire byte can be set to X. If you
1136 addresses (1024 + 128 - 16) is available. The highest choose the hexadecimal input, use the soft menu key
10 bit address is 1023 (0x3FF). The selected address VALUE and the universal knob to set the respective byte
length is displayed in the I2C settings window and is high- value. The soft menu key SELECT BYTE allows you to
lighted by the menu key in blue. The SLAVE ADDRESS is edit the different bytes (byte 1 to byte 2 to byte 3 etc.)
the address used on the BUS to distinguish which slave sequentially (depending on the defined NUMBER OF
the master communicates with. Use the universal knob in BYTES). The active byte will be marked with a green
the CURSOR/MENU section to select the address for the border in the display window of the trigger condition.

Fig. 12.6: I2C data trigger menu Fig. 12.8: I2C BUS

50
 Serial Bus Analysis

Press the MENU OFF button several times to close all me- option SSPI; for a 3-wire SPI system, select the option SPI.
nus, and the oscilloscope will trigger on the set address Then press the CONFIGURATION button to open the setup
and data. For measurements without measuring object menu for SPI. Use the top soft menu key SOURCE to se-
please refer to chapter 12.2.2. lect the respective channel for chip select (CS), clock (Clk)
and data. Select the respective soft menu key CS, Clk or
12.5 SPI / SSPI BUS Data and then use the soft menu key DATA and the univer-
sal knob to the select the respective source channel. For
For SPI/SSPI BUS trigger and decoding you need the R&S®HOO10
the 2-wire SPI, select the possible TIME OUT instead of a
resp. R&S®HOO11 option or the upgrade voucher R&S®HV110
chip select source. During the time out, data and clock line
resp. R&S®HV111.
are at Low. When the time out has been reached, a new
The Serial Peripheral Interface SPI is used to communicate frame begins. If the time intervals between the data pa-
with slow peripheral devices, in particular for the transfer ckets are shorter than the time out, these packets belong
of data streams. The SPI bus was developed by Motorola to the same frame. You can select the dead time via uni-
(today known as Freescale); however, it has not been for- versal knob or via numeric input (KEYPAD button). A small
mally standardized. Generally, this is a bus with clock and window provides information about the current settings.
data lines and a select line (3-wire). If only one master and
one slave are present, the select line may be deleted. This If the option R&S®HOO11 resp. the voucher R&S®HV111 is in-
type of line is also called SSPI (Simple SPI) (2-wire). A SPI stalled, it it only possible to select analog channels as source.
BUS has the following properties: If the option R&S®HOO10 resp. the voucher R&S®HV110 is ins-
❙❙ Master-slave communication talled, both analog and digital channels are available as source.
❙❙ No instrument addressing
❙❙ No acknowledge to confirm data reception In addition to assigning the source, the soft menu key AC-
❙❙ Duplex capability TIVE allows you to select the following settings:
❙❙ CS: Chip select high or low active (low active is the
The address decoding is a 7-bit value. The 8th bit of write-read is
default setting)
decoded in color, not in the HEX value of the address.
❙❙ CLK: Data will be stored with rising or falling slope (rising
slope is the default setting)
Most SPI buses have 4 common lines, 2 data lines and 2 ❙❙ DATA: Data high or low active (high active is the default
control lines: setting)
❙❙ Clock to all slaves (SCLK)
❙❙ Slave select or chip select lines (SS or CS)
❙❙ Master-Out-Slave-In, Slave-Data-Input (MOSI or SDI)
❙❙ Master-In-Slave-Out, Slave-Data-Output (MISO or SDO)

If the master generates a clock pulse and selects a slave,

data can be transmitted in either one direction or si-
multaneously in both directions (only available with
R&S®HOO10/R&S®HV110).

Fig. 12.9: Simple configuration of a SPI BUS Fig. 12.10: Menu for the definition of a SPI bus

12.5.1 SPI / SSPI BUS Konfiguration You can use the soft menu key BIT ORDER to determine if
the data of each message starts with the MSB (most sig-
Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct nificant bit) or the LSB (least significant bit). The soft menu
logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default key WORD SIZE allows you to select via universal knob
setting is 500 mV. With 3-wire SPI the CS (chip select) has to be how many bits are included per message. You may select
connected to the external trigger input. The level can be set in any value between 1 and 32 bits.
the BUS configuration menu via EXTERNAL LEVEL.

Certain settings are necessary to guarantee that a SPI bus 12.5.2 SPI / SSPI BUS Triggering
is decoded correctly. First, you have to determine if a SPI After the SPI/SSPI BUS configuration, it will be possible
system with or without chip select is available (2-wire or to trigger on various events. Press the TYPE button in the
3-wire SPI). This can be done in the BUS setup menu when TRIGGER section of the control panel and choose the soft
selecting the BUS type. For a 2-wire SPI system, select the menu key SERIAL BUSES. Then press the SOURCE but-

51
Serial Bus Analysis

ton in the TRIGGER section and choose SPI Bus. This will
only be available if it was configured earlier. Press the FIL-
TER button in the TRIGGER section of the control panel to
list all available SPI trigger conditions. The following trigger
conditions can be defined:
❙❙ FRAME START: Sets the trigger event on the start of the
frame. The frame starts when the chip select (CS) signal
switches to the selected active mode.
❙❙ FRAME END: Sets the trigger event on the end of the
frame. The frame ends when the chip select (CS) signal
switches from the selected active to the inactive mode.
❙❙ BIT: Selects the trigger time to the set bit within the set
bit sequence with the universal knob in the CURSOR/
MENU section. You can also enter a numeric value to
determine the desired bit number (KEYPAD button).
Fig. 12.12: SPI data trigger menu

Press the MENU OFF button several times to close all me-
nues, and the oscilloscope will trigger on the set bit se-
quence. For measurements without measuring object ple-
ase refer to chapter 12.2.2.

12.6 UART/RS-232 BUS

Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct

logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default
setting is 500 mV.

The UART bus (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Trans-

mitter) is a general bus system and the base for many pro-
Fig. 12.11: SPI trigger menu tocols. One example is the RS-232 protocol. It consists of a
frame with a start bit, 5 to 9 data bits, one parity bit and a
❙❙ SER. PATTERN: Use the soft menu SER. PATTERN to stop bit. The stop bit can assume the single length, or 1.5
define a specific bit sequence within the frame which or twice the length of a normal bit.
start the trigger event. The soft menu key BIT OFFSET
allows you to select the first bit of the predefined bit
sequence within the frame. The bits in front of it have no
Fig. 12.13: UART bit sequence
impact on the trigger event (for instance, if the bit offset =
2, bit 0 and bit 1 after CS will be ignored and the pattern
begins with bit 2). You can select a value between 0 and 12.6.1 UART/RS-232 BUS Configuration
4095 via universal knob or enter it numerically (KEYPAD
Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct
button). The soft menu key NUMBER OF BITS allows you
logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default
to select how many bits will be analyzed for the trigger
setting is 500 mV.
condition. You can select a value between 1 and 32 bit via
universal knob. The serial bit sequence (PATTERN INPUT) To decode the UART BUS it is necessary to first determine
can be entered as binary or hexadecimal value. If you which channel will be connected to the data line. This set-
choose the binary input, the soft menu key SELECT BIT ting is selected after choosing the bus type UART in the
and the universal knob allow you to select which BUS menu and pressing the soft menu key CONFIGURA-
individual bits within the data are to be edited. The option TION. In the menu that opens you can press the top soft
STATE allows you to assign a logic state to each bit (High menu key DATA SOURCE to select the desired channel via
= H = 1, Low = L = 0 or X = don’t care). The state X universal knob.
defines any state. If you choose the hexadecimal input,
If the option R&S®HOO11 resp. the voucher R&S®HV111 is ins-
the soft menu key VALUE and the universal knob allow
talled, it it only possible to select analog channels as source. If
you to set the value for the respective nibble (4 bit). If the
the option R&S®HOO10 resp. the voucher R&S®HV110 is installed,
input is hexadecimal, only the entire nibble can be set to
both analog and digital channels are available as source.
X. Use the soft menu key SELECT NIBBLE to toggle
between nibbles. The active nibble will be marked with a The soft menu key ACTIVE can be used to determine if
green border in the display window of the trigger the data transferred to the BUS are active high (High = 1)
condition. or active low (Low = 1) (for RS-232, choose Low). Use the

52
 Serial Bus Analysis

Fig. 12.14: Page 1 of the menu to define a UART bus Fig. 12.15: Page 2|2 UART BUS setup menu

soft menu key SYMBOL SIZE and the universal knob to se- ❙❙ START BIT: Sets the start bit as trigger event. The start
lect a value between 5 bit to 9 bit for the bits that form a bit is the first 0 bit that succeeds a stop bit or idle time.
symbol. Another setting can be selected via soft menu ❙❙ FRAME START: Defines the first start bit after idle time.
key PARITY. Parity bits are used to detect errors during a ❙❙ SYMBOL<N>: Assigns a predefined N-th symbol as
transmission. The soft menu PARITY offers the following trigger event.
options: ❙❙ ANY SYMBOL: The soft menu ANY SYMBOL allows you
❙❙ None: Use no parity bits to define any symbol to trigger on. The symbol can be
❙❙ Even: The parity bit is set to “1” if the number of ones in a located anywhere within a frame. The serial bit sequence
specific set of bits is uneven (without parity bit) (PATTERN INPUT) can be entered as binary or
❙❙ Odd: The parity bit is set to “1” if the number of ones in a hexadecimal value. If you choose the binary input, the soft
specific set of bits is even (without parity bit) menu key SELECT BIT and the universal knob allow you to
select which individual bits within the data are to be
The bottom soft menu key STOP BITS allows you to de- edited. Select the option STATE to assign a logic state to
fine the length of the stop bit (1 = single, 1.5 = 1 1/2 or 2 = each bit (High = H = 1, Low = L = 0 or X = don’t care).
double). The state X defines any state. If you choose the
hexadecimal input, the soft menu key VALUE and the
On page 2|2 of the UART BUS setup menu, you can se- universal knob allow you to set the value for the
lect the BIT RATE (symbol rate) via universal knob in the respective symbol. If the input is hexadecimal, only the
CURSOR/MENU section. The bit rate defines how many entire symbol can be set to X. Use the soft menu key
bits are sent per second. The soft menu key BIT RATE al- SELECT SYMBOL to toggle between symbols.
lows you to select standard numeric values. Press the ❙❙ PATTERN: Offers additional options for UART trigger
soft menu key USER if you wish to define customized ra- settings. The soft menu key SYMBOL OFFSET and the
tes via universal knob or numeric input (KEYPAD button). universal knob are used to select the number of irrelevant
The IDLE TIME describes the minimum time between the symbols that proceed the pattern within the frame that
stop bit of the last data and the start bit of the new data. are relevant for the trigger event. Any value between 0 to
The sole purpose of the idle time is to define the start of a 4095 symbols after the start bit may be entered. Use the
transmission and consequently the exact start of a frame soft menu key NUMB. OF SYMB. to select the number of
(one or more symbols, most commonly bytes). Only this
information can guarantee correct decoding and triggering
(regardless of the trigger type). A start bit within the idle
time will not be recognized. You can enter the value via
universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section or numeric
input (KEYPAD button).

12.6.2 UART/RS-232 BUS Triggering

After the BUS configuration, it will be possible to trigger on
various events. Press the TYPE button in the TRIGGER sec-
tion of the control panel and choose the soft menu key SE-
RIAL BUSES. Then press the SOURCE button in the TRIG-
GER section and choose UART. This will only be availa-
ble if it was configured earlier. Press the FILTER button in
the TRIGGER section of the control panel to list all available
UART trigger conditions: Fig. 12.16: Trigger menu UART data

53
Serial Bus Analysis

relevant symbols as 1, 2 or 3. The number of symbol 12.7.1 CAN BUS Configuration

defines the pattern size. The symbol length (5 to 9 bit) was
Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct
configured at the time of the bus definition and will be
logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default
observed accordingly in the trigger menu. The value input
setting is 500 mV.
for the symbols may be binary or hexadecimal (as
described above). Use the soft menu key PATTERN INPUT After choosing the bus type CAN in the BUS menu the
for this selection. If binary input is selected, the individual configuration menu will open after pressing the soft menu
bits can be assigned via soft menu key SELECT BIT and key CONFIGURATION. In the menu that opens you can
the universal knob. The soft menu key STATE allows you press the top soft menu key DATA to select the desired
to determine the state for each bit (1, 0 or X). If you channel via universal knob in the CURSOR/MENU section.
choose the hexadecimal input, the soft menu key VALUE An analog or a digital channel can be connected to CAN-
and the universal knob allow you to set the value for the High or CAN-Low. In addition, it is possible to connect a
respective symbol. Use the soft menu key SELECT differential probe (e.g. HZO40) to an analog channel. When
SYMBOL to toggle between symbols. The active byte will using a differential probe, select CAN High if the positive
be marked with a green border in the display window of input of the probe is connected to CAN-H and the negative
the trigger condition. input to CAN L. If the probe is connected with reversed
❙❙ PARITY ERROR: Trigger with a parity filter polarity, you must select CAN L.
❙❙ FRAME ERROR: Trigger with a frame error
❙❙ BREAK: Trigger with a break. The BREAK condition is
fulfilled if a stop bit does not succeed a start bit within a
specified time period. The stop bits low are active during
the break.

Fig. 12.18: Setting the SAMPLE POINT during the CAN configuration

The soft menu key SAMPLE POINT allows you to spe-

cify the exact point within the bit at which the value for
the current bit is sampled. You can select a value in per-
Fig. 12.17: UART trigger menu page 2
cent (25% to 90%) via universal knob or KEYPAD key in
Press the MENU OFF button several times to close all me- the CURSOR/MENU section. The option BIT RATE defines
nus, and the oscilloscope will trigger on the set bit se- how many bits are transmitted per second and allows you
quence. For measurements without measuring object ple- to select default data rates (10 / 20 / 33.333 / 50 / 83.333
ase refer to chapter 12.2.2. / 100 / 125 / 250 / 500 kBit/s and 1 MBit/s) via universal
knob. Use the soft menu key USER to specify user-defined
12.7 CAN BUS bit rates. You can enter the value via universal knob or nu-
The CAN bus (Controller Area Network) is a bus sys- meric input (KEYPAD button).
tem primarily developed for automotive applications and
is used for the data exchange between controller units
and sensors. It can be found increasingly in the aviation, 12.7.2 CAN BUS Triggering
healthcare, and general automation industries. At the phy- After the CAN BUS configuration, it will be possible to trig-
sical level, CAN is a differential signal, therefore a differen- ger on various events. Press the TYPE button in the TRIG-
tial probe (e.g. HZO40) is recommended for decoding, alt- GER section and choose the soft menu key SERIAL BU-
hough standard probes are equally suitable to capture the SES. Then press the SOURCE button in the TRIGGER sec-
signals. The standard data rates range between 10 kBit/s tion and choose CAN. This will only be available if it was
and 1 MBit/s. A CAN message primarily consists of a start configured earlier. Press the FILTER button in the TRIGGER
bit, the Frame ID (11 or 29 bit), the data length code DLC, section to list all available CAN trigger conditions:
the data, a CRC, acknowledge and an end bit. ❙❙ START OF FRAME: Triggers on the first slope of the
SOF bit (synchronizing bit).
For CAN BUS trigger and decoding you need the R&S®HOO12 op- ❙❙ END OF FRAME: Triggers on the end of the frame.
tion or the upgrade voucher R&S®HV112.

54
 Serial Bus Analysis

❙❙ FRAME: The submenu offers different options, like = 0 or X = don’t care). The state X defines any state. If
trigger on ERROR (general frame error), OVERLOAD you choose the hexadecimal input, the soft menu key
(trigger on CAN Overload frames) or DATA (trigger on VALUE and the universal knob allow you to set the value
data frames). With the soft menu key READ/DATA you for the respective byte. If the input is hexadecimal, only
are able to trigger on read and data frames. With the soft the entire byte can be set to X. Use the soft menu key
menu key IP TYPE the identifier type (11 bit, 29 bit or BYTE to toggle between bytes.
any.) can be selected. ❙❙ IDENTIFIER AND DATA: Includes the same settings as
❙❙ ERROR S: Identifies various errors in a frame. This menu the soft menu IDENTIFIER. In the menu that opens you
allows you to choose one or several error message types can select the FRAME TYPE (general data or read data)
as trigger condition. Individual frame segments (e.g. via top soft menu key and universal knob. In the menu
frame start etc.) are coded during the bit stuffing IDENTIFIER SETUP below you can enter the address of
procedure. The transmitter automatically adds a the respective pattern.
complimentary bit to the bit stream if it detects 5 ❙❙ DATA SETUP: Allows you to specify the data bit pattern
consecutive bits with identical value in the bit stream to or HEX values for up to 8 bytes (only available if DATA
be transmitted. A “stuff” error occurs if the 6th was selected as frame type). Available comparisons for
identical bit level is detected in the specified sections. A address and data values are GREATER, EQUAL OR LESS,
form error occurs if a fixed bit field contains one or EQUAL and NOT EQUAL.
several invalid bits. An authentication error occurs if the
transmitter receives no authentication (acknowledge).
CAN BUS applies a complex checksum calculation
(Cyclic Redundancy Check). The transmitter calculates
the CRC and transmits the result in a CRC sequence. The
receiver calculates the CRC in the same manner. A CRC
error occurs if the calculated result deviates from the
received CRC sequence.
❙❙ IDENTIFIER: Identifies the priority and the logical
address of a message. In the menu that opens you can
press the top soft menu key to select the FRAME TYPE
(general data, read data or read/write data) via universal
knob. The soft menu IDENTIFIER SETUP below allows
you to specify the length of the identifier type via soft
menu key ID TYPE and universal knob (11 bit base or 29
Fig. 12.20: CAN BUS
bits for extended CAN frames). The soft menu key
COMPARE defines the comparison function. If the pattern Press the MENU OFF button several times to close all me-
includes at least one X (don’t care), it is possible to trigger nus, and the oscilloscope will trigger on the set data. For
on a value equal or not equal to the specified value. If the measurements without measuring object please refer to
pattern includes only 0 or 1, it is possible to trigger on an chapter 12.2.2.
area greater than or less than the specified value. The
PATTERN INPUT may be binary or hexadecimal. If you
choose the binary input, the soft menu key BIT and the 12.8 LIN BUS
universal knob allow you to select which individual bits For CAN BUS trigger and decoding you need the R&S®HOO12 op-
within the data are to be edited. Select the option STATE tion or the upgrade voucher R&S®HV112.
to assign a logic state to each bit (High = H = 1, Low = L
The LIN bus (Local Interconnect Network) is a simple mas-
ter/slave bus system for automotive applications and is
used for the data exchange between controller units and
sensors or actuators. The signal is transmitted on one line
with ground reference to the vehicle mass. A LIN BUS has
the following properties:
❙❙ Serial single-wire communication protocol (byte-oriented)
❙❙ Master-slave communication (generally up to 12 knots)
❙❙ Master-controlled communication (master initiates /
coordinates communication)

The data is transmitted in bytes without parity (based on

UART). Each byte consists of a start bit, 8 data bits and a
stop bit.

Fig. 12.19: CAN data trigger menu

55
Serial Bus Analysis

as trigger condition. LIN BUS applies a complex

checksum calculation (Cyclic Redundancy Check). The
transmitter calculates the CRC and transmits the result in
a CRC sequence. The receiver calculates the CRC in the
Fig. 12.21: Layout LIN byte structure same manner. A CRC error occurs if the calculated result
deviates from the received CRC sequence. With soft
12.8.1 LIN BUS Configuration menu key PARITY triggering occurs on a parity error.
Prior to the BUS configuration it is necessary to set the correct Parity bits are bit 6 and bit 7 of the identifier. The correct
logic level (threshold). Please refer to chapter 4.5. The default transfer of the identifier is verified. With the soft menu
setting is 500 mV. key SYNCHRONISATION triggering occurs if the
synchronizing field indicates an error.
After choosing the bus type LIN in the BUS menu press ❙❙ ID: With the soft menu key IDENTIFIER you can set the
the soft menu key CONFIGURATION. In the menu that trigger to a specific identifier or a specific identifier range.
opens you can press the top soft menu key DATA to se- The soft menu key COMPARE defines the comparison
lect the desired channel via universal knob in the CUR- function. If the pattern includes at least one X (don’t care),
SOR/MENU section. The soft menu key POLARITY allows it is possible to trigger on a value equal or not equal to the
you to toggle between High and Low; the active function specified value. If the pattern includes only 0 or 1, it is
will be highlighted in blue. An analog or a digital channel possible to trigger on an area greater than or less than the
can be connected to LIN-High or LIN-Low. You can select specified value. The PATTERN INPUT may be binary or
any version for the LIN standard (version 1x, version 2x, hexadecimal. If you choose the binary input, the soft
J2602 or any) via soft menu key VERSION and universal menu key BIT and the universal knob allow you to select
knob. The option BIT RATE allows you to specify the num- which individual bits within the data are to be edited.
ber of transmitted bits per second. You can use the uni- Select the option STATE to assign a logic state to each bit
versal knob to choose from predefined standard data rates (High = H = 1, Low = L = 0 or X = don’t care). The state X
and user-defined data rates (USER). The highest possible defines any state. If you choose the hexadecimal input,
user-defined data rate is 4MBit/s. You can enter the user- the soft menu key VALUE and the universal knob allow
defined value via universal knob or numeric input (KEYPAD you to set the value for the respective byte. If the input is
button). hexadecimal, only the entire byte can be set to X. Use the
soft menu key BYTE to toggle between bytes.
12.8.2 LIN BUS Triggerung ❙❙ ID and DATA: The soft menu IDENTIFIER AND DATA
After the BUS configuration, it will be possible to trigger and the soft menu key IDENTIFIER SETUP include the
on various events. Press the TYPE button in the TRIGGER same settings as the soft menu IDENTIFIER. The soft
section of the control panel and choose the soft menu key menu DATA SETUP allows you to specify the data bit
SERIAL BUSES. Then press the SOURCE button in the pattern or HEX values for up to 8 bytes. Available
TRIGGER section and choose LIN. This will only be availa- comparisons for address and data values are EQUAL and
ble if it was configured earlier. Press the FILTER button in NOT EQUAL.
the TRIGGER section of the control panel to list all available
CAN trigger conditions: Press the MENU OFF button several times to close all me-
❙❙ START OF FRAME: Triggers on the stop bit of the nus, and the oscilloscope will trigger on the set data. For
synchronizing field. measurements without measuring object please refer to
❙❙ WAKE UP: Triggers after a wake-up frame. chapter 12.2.2.
❙❙ ERROR C:Identifies various errors in a frame. This menu
allows you to choose one or several error message types

Fig. 12.22: Menu for the definition of a LIN bus Fig. 12.23: LIN data trigger menu

56
 Remote control

13 Remote control
❙❙ 8-N-1 (8 data bits, no parity bit, 1 stop bit)
❙❙ RTS/CTS hardware protocol: none.

The RS-232 interface parameters can be set in the SETUP

By default, the R&S®HMO Compact series includes a menu via soft menu key INTERFACE. Please make sure
HO720 USB/RS-232 interface. You can find the drivers for that the RS-232 soft menu key is blue highlighted. A soft
this interface on the product CD enclosed with the instru- menu will be opened where you can set and save all RS-
ment or on the ROHDE & SCHWARZ Homepage. 232 interface parameters.

To achieve external control, the R&S®HMO Compact series 13.2 USB

uses the scripting language SCPI (= Standard Commands The currently available USB driver have been fully tested and re-
for Programmable Instruments). The provided USB/RS232 leased for Windows XP™, VISTA™, Windows 7™ and Windows
dual interface (optional Ethernet/USB or IEEE-488 GPIB) 8™ (32 + 64 Bit).
enables you to control the ROHDE & SCHWARZ
instrument externally via remote connection (remote The USB interface must be selected in the menu of the os-
control). As a result, you can access nearly all functions cilloscope and requires no further action. The actual USB
that are available during the manual operating mode via driver can be downloaded from the ROHDE & SCHWARZ
front panel. To download a PDF document with a detailed homepage for free. If a connection between PC and
list of supported SCPI commands, please visit the ROHDE the instrument has been established and no R&S®HMO
& SCHWARZ homepage. Compact series driver is installed, the operating sys-
tem answers with “Found New Hardware”. Only in this
To enable communication, the selected interface and the respec-
case the USB driver must be installed. Further informa-
tive settings in the measuring instrument must be identical to the
tion about the USB driver installation you can find in the
selections for the PC.
HO720/HO730/HO732 installation guide internal of the dri-
ver file.
13.1 RS-232
The following requirement for USB driver installation are
necessary:
1 R&S®HMO Compact series with an activated USB interface.
2 A PC with operating system Windows XP™, VISTA™, Win-
dows 7™, Windows 8™ or Windows 10™ (32 or 64Bit).
3 Administrator rights are necessary for the installation of the
driver. If an error message regarding spelling errors appears,
the rights to install the driver are not given. In this case, ple-
ase contact your IT department to obtain the necessary
Pin rights.
2 Tx Data (data from oscilloscope to external device)
3 Rx Data (data from external device to oscilloscope)
In addition, you may use the free software HMExplorer.
7 CTS Clear to Send
This Windows application offers the R&S®HMO Compact
8 RTS Request to Send
series a terminal function, the option to create screenshots
5 ground (reference potential, connected via oscilloscope
and to sort the measured data storage.
(measuring category 0) and power cable to the grounding
conductor
13.3 Ethernet (Option HO730 / HO732)
9 +5V supply voltage for external devices (max. 400mA)
For the direct connection with a host (PC) or indirect con-
nection over a SWITCH, a doubly protected network
Fig. 13.1: Pin assignment of the RS-232 interface cable (e.g. CAT.5, CAT.5e, CAT.5+, CAT.6 or CAT.7) is re-
quired, equipped with an Ethernet plug type the RJ-45 at
The RS-232 interface is built with a 9-pin D-SUB connec- each end. Either an uncrossed or a crossed network cable
tor. This bidirectional interface allows the transfer of setup (cross over cable) can be used.
parameters, data and screenshots from an external device
(e.g. PC) to the oscilloscope or vice versa. It is possible to 13.3.1 IP networks (IP – Internet protocol)
establish a direct connection from the PC (serial port ) to In order that two or several network elements (e.g. measu-
the interface via 9-pin shielded cable (1:1 wired). The max- ring instruments, host/PC‘s, …) can communicate over a
imum length must not exceed 3 m. The pin assignment for network with one another, some fundamental connections
the RS-232 interface (9-pin D-SUB connector) please refer have to be considered, so that data communication is error
to fig. 13.1. free and unimpaired.

The maximum voltage variation at the Tx, Rx, RTS and CTS For each element in a network an IP address has to be as-
connections is ±12 Volt. The RS-232 standard parameters signed, so that they can exchange data among themselves.
for the interface are as follows: IP addresses are represented (with the IP version 4) as four

57
Remote control

decimal numbers separated by points (e.g. 192.168.15.1). If IP addresses in a network are assigned fix, an IP address
Each decimal number is represented by a binary number must be preset manually with each network element. If IP
of 8 bits. IP addresses are divided into public and private addresses in a network are assigned to the attached net-
address ranges. Public IP addresses will be able to route work elements automatically (dynamically), a DHCP ser-
by the Internet and an Internet service Provider (ISP) can to ver (English DHCP becomes; Dynamic Host Configura-
be made available. Public IP addresses can be reached di- tion Protocol) is required for the dispatching of IP addres-
rectly over the Internet to directly exchange internet data. ses. With a DHCP server an IP address range for the auto-
Private IP addresses are not routed by the Internet and are matic dispatching of IP addres ses can be preset. A DHCP
reserved for private networks. Network elements with pri- server is usually already integrated in a router (DSL router,
vate IP addresses cannot be reached directly over the Inter- ISDN router, Modem router, WLAN router, …) integrated.
net so no data can be directly exchanged over the Internet. If a network element (e.g. an instrument) is connected by
To allow network elements with a private IP address to ex- a network cable directly with a host (PC), the IP addresses
change data over the Internet, they require a router for IP cannot be assigned to the instrument and the host (PC) au-
address conversion (English NAT; Network address trans- tomatically, since no network with DHCP server is present
lation), before connection to the Internet. The attached ele- here. They have to be preset therefore at the instrument
ments can then data exchange over this router, which pos- and at the host (PC) manually.
sesses a private IP address (LAN IP address) and also a pu- IP addresses are divided by using subnet mask into a net-
blic IP address (WAN IP address), via the Internet. work quota and into a host quota, so similarly e.g. a te-
lephone number is divided in pre selection (land and lo-
If network elements exchange data only over a local net- cal area network number) and call number (user num-
work (without connection with the Internet), appropriate ber). Subnet mask have the same form as IP addresses.
use private IP addresses. Select in addition e.g. a private IP They are represented with four decimal numbers separa-
address for the instrument and a private IP address for the ted by points (e.g. 255.255.255.0). As is the case for the IP
host (PC), with which you would like to control the instru- addresses here each decimal number represents a binary
ment. If you might connect your private network with the number of 8 bits. The separation between network quota
Internet later via a router, the private IP addresses used in and host quota is determined by the subnet mask within
your local network can be maintained. Since within each an IP address (e.g. the IP address 192.168.10.10 by the sub-
IP address range the first IP address is used as network net mask 255.255.255.0 is divided into a network quota
IP address and the last IP address is used as Broadcast IP 192.168.10.0 and a host quota of 0.0.0.10). The allocation
address, in each case two IP addresses have to be taken takes place via the transformation of the IP address and
off from the “number of possible host addresses“ (see ta- the subnet mask in binary form and afterwards a bit by bit
ble 1: Private IP address ranges). Apart from the organiza- one logical AND operation between IP address and subnet
tion of IP addresses into public and private address ran- mask. The result is the network quota of the IP address.
ges, IP addresses are also divided into classes (Class: A, B, The host quota of the IP address takes place via the bit by
C, D, E). Within the classes A, B, and C are also include the bit logical NAND operation between IP address and sub-
private IP of address ranges described before. The catego- net mask. By the variable allocation of IP addresses in net-
risation from IP addresses is for the assignment of public work quota and host quota via subnet masks, one can spe-
IP address ranges of importance and essentially depends cify IP address ranges individually for large and small net-
on the size of a local network (maximum number of hosts works. Thus one can operate large and small IP networks
in the network), which is to be connected with the Internet and connect if necessary to the Internet via a router. In
(see table 2: Classes of IP addresses). IP addresses can fix smaller local networks the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is
(statically) or variable (dynamically) to be assigned. mostly used. Network quota (the first 3 numbers) and host

adress range subnetz mask CIDR way of writing number of possible host adresses
10.0.0.0 –10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8 224 − 2 = 16.777.214
172.16.0.0 –172.31.255.255 255.240.0.0 172.16.0.0/12 220 − 2 = 1.048.574

192.168.0.0 –192.168.255.255 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0/16 216 − 2 = 65.534

255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0/24 28 − 2 = 254

Table 13.1: Private IP adress ranges

class adress range net quota host quota max. number of networks max. number of hosts
A 0.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.255 8 Bit 24 Bit 126 16.777.214
B 128.0.0.1 - 191.255.255.255 16 Bit 16 Bit 16.384 65.534
C 192.0.0.1 - 223.255.255.255 24 Bit 8 Bit 2.097.151 254
D 224.0.0.1 - 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast applications
E 240.0.0.1 - 255.255.255.255 Reserved for special applications

Table 13.2: Classes of IP adresses

58
 Remote control

quota (the last number) are simple here without much ma- tion bar on your browser (http//xxx.xxx.xxx.xx). This opens
thematical expenditure to determine and it can with these a window that includes the device name and type, serial
subnet mask up to 254 network elements (e.g. measuring number and interfaces with technical information and con-
instruments, hosts/PC‘s...) in a network be operated at the figured parameters.
same time.
13.4 IEEE 488.2 / GPIB (Option HO740):
Often also a standard gateway is present in a network. In The optional interface card HO740 does have a IEEE488.2
most local networks is this gateway with the router to the connection. The settings of the interface can be done in
Internet (DSL router, ISDN router etc.) is identical. Using the oscilloscope after chose the IEEE488 as interface and
this (gateway -) router a connection can be manufactured hitting the soft key PARAMETER.
with another network. Thus also network elements, which
are not in the same (local) network, can be reached and/ Further information you can find at the manual of the
or network elements from the local network are able to ex- HO740.
change data with network elements from other networks.
For a network-spreading data exchange the IP address of
the standard gateway must also be preset. In local net-
works, mostly the first IP address within a network for this
(gateway -) router is used. Mostly routers in a local net-
work to be used as gateway have an IP address with a „1“
in the last place of the IP address (e.g. 192.168.10.1).

13.3.2 Ethernet Settings

PC and instrument have to be connected to the same network.
Otherwise a remote connection is not possible.

In addition to the USB interface, the interface card inclu-

des an Ethernet interface. Configure the settings in the os-
cilloscope for all necessary parameters after you select
ETHERNET as interface and press the soft menu key PA-
RAMETER. You can specify all parameters and assign a
fixed IP address. You can also assign a dynamic IP address
with the activated DHCP function. Please contact your IT
management to con-figure the settings properly.

If DHCP is used and the system cannot assign an IP address to

the R&S®HMO Compact series (for instance, if no Ethernet cable
is connected or the network does not support DHCP), it may take
up to three minutes until a timeout allows the interface to be
configured again.

Fig. 13.2: Ethernet-settings dialog box

If the device has an IP address, it can be accessed via web

browser at this IP since the Ethernet interface includes an
integrated web server. Enter the IP address in the loca-

59
Specifications
Specifi cations

Specifications
14 Specifications Offset control (HMO152x, HMO202x only)
1 mV/Div, 2 mV/Div
5 mV/Div to 50 mV/Div
±0.2 V - 10 Div x sensitivity
±1.0 V - 10 Div x sensitivity
100 mV/Div ±2.5 V - 10 Div x sensitivity
HMO Compact Series
200 mV/Div to 2V/Div ±40 V - 10 Div x sensitivity
2- or 4-channel mixed signal oscilloscopes
5 V/Div to 10 V/Div ±100 V - 10 Div x sensitivity

HMO722, HMO724: 70 MHz XY/XYZ mode selectively all analog channels

HMO1022, HMO1024: 100 MHz Inversion selectively all analog channels
HMO1522, HMO1524: 150 MHz Logic Channels (with logic probe HO3508)
HMO2022, HMO2024: 200 MHz Thresholds TTL, CMOS, ECL, user-definied (-2 V to
from firmware version 4.527 +8 V)
Display Impedance 100 kΩ || 4 pF
Screen size / type 16,5 cm (6,5“) VGA Color Display Coupling DC
Resolution (L x W) 640 x 480 Pixel Max. input voltage 40 Vp
Backlight 400 cd/m2 (LED) Trigger System
Display range in horizontal direction Trigger Mode
without menu bar 12 Div (600 Pixel) Auto Triggers automatically also without any
with menu bar 10 Div (500 Pixel) specific trigger event
Display range in vertical direction 8 Div (400 Pixel) Normal Triggers only on specific trigger events
with Virtual Screen usage 20 Div Single Triggers once on a trigger event
Color depth 256 colors Trigger indicator Screen and panel (LED)
Trace display pseudo-color, inverse brightness Trigger sensitivity
Levels of trace brightness 32 up to 5mV/Div 1.5 Div
Button brightness light, dark from 5mV/Div 0.8 Div
Vertical System Trigger level setting
DSO Mode with auto level Linking peak value and trigger level,
2-channel models CH1, CH2 adjustable between peak values of a
4-channel models CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 signal

MSO Mode without auto level ±10 Div (from center of screen)
2-channel models CH1, CH2, POD Trigger coupling
4-channel models CH1, CH2, CH3|POD, CH4 AC 5 Hz to 100 MHz (HMO72x)
5 Hz to 150 MHz (HMO102x)
Analog Channels
5 Hz to 200 MHz (HMO152x)
Y-bandwidth (-3 dB) 5 Hz to 250 MHz (HMO202x)
(1 mV, 2 mV)/Div 20 MHz (HMO72x, HMO102x) DC DC to 100 MHz (HMO72x)
100 MHz (HMO152x, HMO202x) DC to 150 MHz (HMO102x)
DC to 200 MHz (HMO152x)
(5 mV to 10 V)/Div 70 MHz (HMO72x) DC to 250 MHz (HMO202x)
100 MHz (HMO102x)
HF 30 kHz to 100 MHz (HMO72x)
150 MHz (HMO152x) 30 kHz to 150 MHz (HMO102x)
200 MHz (HMO202x) 30 kHz to 200 MHz (HMO152x)
Lower AC bandwidth 2 Hz 30 kHz to 250 MHz (HMO202x)
Bandwidth limitation (switchable) about 20 MHz selectable filters
Rise time (computed) LF DC to 5 kHz, selectable in DC and auto
HMO72x <5 ns level mode
HMO102x <3.5 ns Low-pass min. level: 1.5 Div (> 5 mV/Div)
HMO152x <2.4 ns (noise rejection) selectable with AC, DC
HMO202x <1.75 ns External Trigger Input (BNC)
DC gain accuracy 2% of full scale Impedance 1 MΩ || 14 pF ±2 pF
Input sensitivity range Trigger level 0.3 Vpp to 10 Vpp
all analog channels 1 mV/Div to 10 V/Div Max. input voltage 100 Vp
coarse stepping 13 calibrated steps, 1-2-5 sequence Coupling DC, AC
variable stepping freely between calibrated steps Trigger Types
Impedance 1 MΩ II 14 pF ±2 pF Edge
(50Ω switchable: HMO152x, HMO202x) Direction rising, falling, both
Coupling DC, AC, GND Switchable filters LF, noise rejection
Max. input voltage Sources all analog and digital channels, AC line,
200 Vp (derates at 20 db/decade to external (AC, DC)
1 MΩ
5 Vrms above 100 kHz) Edge A/B
50Ω (HMO152x, HMO202x) 5 Vrms Direction rising, falling, both
Position range ±10 Div (from center of screen) Frequency range DC to 70/100/150/200 MHz

60
2
 Specifi
Specifications
cations

Min. signal amplitude 0.8 Div Time base

Trigger level range (seperately ±10 Div (from center of screen) Accuracy 50.0 x 10-6
adjustable with different sources) Aging 10.0 x 10-6 per year
Trigger settings for state B Operation Modes
time based 32 ns to 17 s, resolution min. 8 ns REFRESH 2 ns/Div to 50 s/Div
event based 1 to 216 events ROLL 50 ms/Div to 50 s/Div
Pulse width Acquisition System
Polarity positive, negative Realtime Sampling Rate
Functions equal, not equal, lower, higher, within/ 2-channel models 2 x 1 GSa/s or 1 x 2 GSa/s
without a range 4-channel models 4 x 1 GSa/s or 2 x 2 GSa/s
Pulse duration 32ns to 17s, resolution min. 8ns Logic channels 8 x 1 GSa/s
Sources all analog channels Memory Depth
Logic 2-channel models 2 x 1 MPts or 1 x 2 MPts
Functions 4-channel models 4 x 1 MPts or 2 x 2 MPts
boolean operators AND, OR, TRUE, FALSE Resolution 8 Bit, (HiRes up to 10Bit)
time based operators equal, not equal, lower, higher, within/ Waveform arithmetics refresh, roll (loose/triggered), average
without a time range, timeout (up to 1024), envelope, peak detect
(1 ns), filter (low-pass, adjustable), high
Duration 8 ns to 2 s, resolution min. 1 ns resolution (up to 10 Bit)
States H, L, X Record modes automatic, max. sampling rate, max.
Sources all logic and analog channels waveform rate
Video Interpolation
Sync. pulse polarity positive, negative all analog channels sin(x)/x, linear, sample-hold
supported standards NTSC, SECAM, PAL, PAL-M, SDTV 576i, logic channels pulse
HDTV 720p, HDTV 1080i, HDTV 1080p Delay
Field even/odd, either pre-trigger 0 to 8 x 106 Sa x (1/sample rate)
Line line number selectable, all post-trigger 0 to 2 x 106 Sa x (1/sample rate)
Sources all analog channels, external (AC, DC) Waveform update rate up to 2,000 Wfm/s
Serial Busses (HOO10/11/12) Waveform display dots, vectors, persistence afterglow
Bus representation Up to two busses can be analyzed at Persistence afterglow min. 50 ms
the same time. Color-coded display of
Waveform measurements and Operation
decoded data in ASCII, binary, decimal
and hexadecimal format. Operation menu-driven (multilingual), auto-set,
Option / Voucher code help functions (multilingual)

HOO10/HV110 Analysis of I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232 Automatic measurements voltage (Vpp, Vp+, Vp-, Vrms, Vavg, Vmin,
signals on analog and logic channels Vmax), amplitude, phase, frequency,
period, rise/fall time (80%, 90%), pulse
HOO11/HV111 Analysis of I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232 width (pos/neg), duty cycle (pos/neg),
signals on all analog channels standard deviation, delay, crest factor,
edge/pulse count (pos/neg), trigger
HOO12/HV112 Analysis of CAN and LIN signals on period, trigger frequency
analog and logic channels Automatic search functions Edge, pulse, peak, rise/fall time, runt
Trigger types by protocols Cursor measurements voltage (V1, V2, ∆V), time (t1, t2, ∆t,
I2C Start, Stop, ACK, NACK, Address/Data 1/∆t), ratio X, ratio Y, pulse and edge
count (pos/neg), peak values (Vpp, Vp+,
SPI Start, End, Serial Pattern (32 Bit)
Vp-), mean/RMS/standard deviation,
UART/RS-232 Startbit, Frame Start, Symbol, Pattern duty cycle (pos/neg), rise/fall time (80%,
LIN Frame Start, Wake Up, Identifier, Data, 90%), ratio marker
Error Quick measurements voltage (Vpp, Vp+, Vp-, Vrms, Vmean), rise/
(QUICKVIEW) fall time, frequency, period plus 6
CAN Frame Start, Frame End, Identifier, Data,
additional measurement functions (see
Error
automatic measurement functions,
Horizontal System freely selectable)
Time domain (Yt) main screen, time domain and zoom Marker up to 8 freely positionable markers for
window easy navigation, automatic marker
positioning based on search
Frequency domain (FFT) time domain and frequency domain specification
window (FFT) Frequency counter (hardware based)
XY/XYZ mode voltage (XY), intensity (Z) Resolution 6 digit
VirtualScreen virtual display of 20 Div for all math, Frequency range 0.5 Hz to 70/100/150/200 MHz
logic, bus, reference signals Accuracy 50.0 x 10-6
Component tester voltage (X), current (Y) Aging ±10.0 x 10-6 per year
Reference signals up to 4 references Mask Testing
Channel deskew -15 ns to +16 ns, step size 1 ns Functions Pass/Fail comparison with an user-
Memory Zoom up to 50.000:1 definied mask performed on waveforms

61
3
Specifications
Specifi
cations

Sources all analog channels Reference potential Ground (PE)

Mask definition Mask enclosing acquired waveform Interfaces
with user-defined tolerance Connectors and ports
Actions for mass storage (FAT16/32) 2 x USB-Host (Typ A), max. 500 mA

on mask violations beep, acquisition stop, screenshot, for remote control HO720 dual interface:
trigger pulse, automatically saving trace USB Device (Typ B), RS-232
data
Optional interfaces HO730 dual interface:
during acquisiton Statistics: number of completed tests USB Device (Typ B), Ethernet (RJ45)
(max. 4x10-9 events), number of HO740 interface: IEEE-488 (GPIB)
passes / failed acquisitions (absolute
and in percent), test duration External monitor interface DVI-D (480p, 60Hz) HDMI compatible
Waveform maths Y-OUT (BNC) Trigger event on mask violation:
Quickmath pulse: > 0.5 μs

Functions addition, substraction, multiplication, General Data

division Application memory 4 MB for references, formulas, device
Sources 2 analog channels settings, language and help functions
Mathematics Save/Recall
Functions addition, substraction, multiplication, device settings on internal file system or external USB
division, minimum / maximum, square, memory, available file format: HDS
square root, absolute value, pos/neg
wave, reciprocal, inverse, log10/ln, reference waveforms on internal file system or external USB
derivation, integration, filter (lowpass/ memory, available file formats: BIN,
highpass) CSV, TXT, HRT

Editing formula editor, menu-driven traces on external USB memory, available file
Sources all analog channels, user-defined formats: BIN, CSV, TXT, HRT
constants data display or acquisition data
Storage location math. memory sources single or all analog channels
Number of formula sets 5 formula sets screenshots on external USB memory, available file
Number of equations 5 equations per formula set formats: BMP, GIF, PNG
(color, inverted, grey-scale)
Simultaneous display of math. 1 formula set with max. 4 equations
functions Math equation sets on internal file system or external USB
Frequency Analysis (FFT) memory

Parameters frequency span, center frequency, Realtime Clock (RTC) date and time
vertical scale, vertical position Power supply
FFT length 2 Kpts, 4 Kpts, 8 Kpts, 16 Kpts, 32 Kpts, AC supply 100 V to 240 V, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, CAT-II
64 Kpts Power consumption
Window Hanning, Hamming, Rectangular, 2-channel models max. 45W
Blackman 4-channel models max. 55W
Scale dBm, dBV, Vrms Safety in line with IEC 61010-1 (ed. 3), IEC
Waveform arithmetics refresh, envelope, average (up to 512) 61010-2-30 (ed. 1), EN 61010-1, EN
61010-2-030 , CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.
Cursor measurement 2 horizontal cursors, previous/next peak 61010-1-12 , CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.
search 61010-2-030-12 ,UL Std. No. 61010-1
Sources all analog channels (3rd Edition) , UL61010-2-030
Pattern Generator Temperature

Functions square wave / probe adjust, bus signal Operating temperature range +5 °C to +40 °C
source, counter, pseudo-random Storage temperature range -20 °C to +70 °C
pattern Rel. humidity 5% to 80% (without condensation)
Square wave frequencies: 1 kHz, 1 MHz Mechanical Data
(Probe ADJ output) level: 1 Vpp (ta <4 ns) Dimensions (W x H x D) 285 x 175 x 140 mm

Bus Signal Source (4 Bit) I2C(100 kBit/s, 400 kBit/s, 1 MBit/s), SPI Net weight 2.5 kg
(100 kBit/s, 250 kBit/s, 1 MBit/s), UART All specifications at 23°C after 30 minutes warm-up.
(9600 Bit/s, 115,2 kBit/s, 1 MBit/s)

Counter (4 Bit) frequencies: 1 kHz, 1 MHz

direction: decrementing
Random pattern (4 Bit) frequencies: 1 kHz, 1 MHz
Component Tester
Parameters voltage (X), current (Y)
Testing frequency 50 Hz, 200 Hz
Voltage 10 Vp (open)
Current 10 mA (short)

62
4
 Specifi cations
Appendix

Accessories included:
HO720 RS-232/USB dual interface, line cord, printed opera-
ting manual, software-CD, 2/4 probes (model depending):
15 Appendix
RT-ZP03 (up to 100 MHz, 10:1/1:1 switchable) or
HZO10 (up to 250 MHz, 10:1) 15.1 List of figures
Fig. 1.1: Operating positions 4
Accessories: Fig. 1.2: Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419 6
HO3508 8 channel logic probe (350 MHz, 4 pF) Fig. 2.1: Frontview of the ¸HMO2024 7
HZ115 Differential Probe 100 : 1/1000 : 1 Fig. 2.2: Control panel of section A. 7
HZO20 High voltage probe 1000 : 1 (400 MHz, Fig. 2.3: Control panel of section B, C and D 8
1000 Vrms) Fig. 2.4: Screen view 8
HZO30 1 GHz active probe (0.9 pF, 1 MΩ) Fig. 2.5: Selection of basic soft menu elements 9
HZO40 Active differential probe 200 MHz (10 : 1, 3.5 pF, Fig. 2.6: Basic soft menu elements for settings and
1 MΩ) navigation 9
HZO41 Active differential probe 800 MHz (10 : 1, 1 pF, Fig. 2.7: Menu for basic settings 10
200 kΩ) Fig: 2.8: Updating menu and information window 10
HZO50 AC/DC Current Probe 30 A, DC to 100 kHz Fig: 2.9: Menu and information window for help udates 10
HZO51 AC/DC Current Probe 100/1000 A, DC to 20 kHz Fig. 2.10: „UPGRADE“ menu. 11
HZ51 150 MHz passive probe 10 : 1 (12 pF, 10 MΩ) Fig. 2.11: Manual licence key input. 11
HZ52 250 MHz passive probe 10 : 1 (10 pF, 10 MΩ) Fig. 2.12: Successful self alignment 11
HZ53 100 MHz passive probe 100 : 1 (4.5 pF, 100 MΩ) Fig. 2.13: Logic probe self alignment 12
HZO90 Carrying case for protection and transport Fig. 2.14: Rear panel of the R&S®HMO2024 12
HZO91 4 RU 19” rackmount kit Fig. 2.15: Y-Out signal 12
Fig. 3.1: Control panel of section A 13
Fig. 3.2: Screen display after connection of the probe 13
Fig. 3.3: Screen display after changing to DC coupling 13
Fig. 3.4: Screen display after Autosetup 13
Fig. 3.5: Area of the control panel containing the
ZOOM knob 13
Fig. 3.6: Zoom function 14
Fig. 3.7: Cursor measurements 14
Fig. 3.8: Quick View parameter measurement 14
Fig. 3.9: Auto Measure menu 14
Fig. 3.10: Selection of parameters 15
Fig. 3.11: Formula editor 15
Fig. 3.12: Measuring the parameters of two sources 15
Fig. 3.13: Save/Recall menu 16
Fig. 3.14: Menu Screenshots 16
Fig. 3.15: Defining a file name 16
Fig. 4.1: Front panel area with vertical system controls 17
Fig. 4.2: Short menu for the vertical settings 17
Fig. 4.3: Probe connection to the probe adjust output 17
Fig. 4.4: Threshold setting and name allocation 18
Fig. 4.5: Name selection 18
Fig. 5.1: Control panel of the horizontal system 19
Fig. 5.2: AM modulated signal with maximum
repeat rate 20
Fig.5.3: AM modulated signal with maximum
sampling rate 21
Fig. 5.4: AM modulated signal with automatic setting 21
Fig. 5.5: Zoom function 22
Fig. 5.6: Marker in zoom mode 23
Fig. 5.7: Search mode with event list 24
Fig. 6.1: Front panel control area of the trigger system 24
Fig. 6.2: Coupling modes with slope trigger 25
Fig. 6.3: The type B-Trigger 25
Fig. 6.4: Pulse trigger menu 26
Fig. 6.5: Logic trigger menu 26
Fig. 6.6: Logic channels’ settings display 27
5
63
Appendix

Fig. 6.7: Video trigger menu 27 15.2 Glossary

Fig. 7.1: Drawing of the virtual screen area 28 A
Fig. 7.2: Menu for setting the signal display intensities 29 AC coupling: 18
Fig. 7.3: Persistence function 29 Ambient temperature: 5
Fig. 7.4: XY settings menu 29 analog channel: 24, 46
Fig. 7.5: Settings for the Z input 30 attenuation: 18
Fig. 8.1: Cursor measurements selection menu 31 automatic measurement: 34, 36
Fig. 8.2: Menu for the automatic measurements AUTOMATIK: 22
settings 33 Average: 22, 38
Fig. 8.3: Statistic for Automeasurements 34
Fig. 9.1: Mathematics short menu 34 B
Fig. 9.2: Quick mathematics menu 35 Bandwidth Limit: 18
Fig. 9.3: Formula editor for formula sets 35 bidirectional interface: 58
Fig. 9.4: Entry of constants and units 36 Blackman window function: 39
Fig. 9.5: Definition of the current equation 36 brightness: 28, 29, 30, 31
Fig. 9.6: Definition of the power equation 36 bus analysis: 11, 12, 19, 48
Fig. 9.7: FFT illustration 37 BUS configuration: 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57
Fig. 9.8: Advanced FFT menu 37 bus signal source: 8, 49
Fig. 9.9: PASS/FAIL mask test. 38 BUS type: 46, 47, 48, 52
Fig. 9.10: Component tester at short 39 C
Fig. 9.11: Excamples of Component test 40 CAN bus: 55
Fig. 10.1: Basic menu for device settings 41 component tester: 8, 40, 41
Fig. 10.2: Storing instrument settings 41 component test mode: 9
Fig. 10.3: Storage menu for references 42 current probe: 19
Fig. 10.4: Menu for storing curves 42 cursor measurements: 10, 15, 31, 32, 47
Fig. 10.5: Supported printer example 43 CVBS signal: 28
Fig. 10.6: Screenshot-Modul 43
Fig. 10.7: Definition of FILE/PRINT key 44 D
Fig. 11.1: Optional logic probe R&S®HO3508 45 DC coupling: 14, 18, 26
Fig. 11.2: Logic channels’ settings display 45 Driver: 58
Fig. 12.1: Menu for the definition of buses 47 duty cycle: 15
Fig. 12.2: Example I2C BUS with BUS table 48 DVI-D connector: 13
Fig. 12.3: I C BUS signal source
2 48
Fig. 12.4: I2C 7 bit address 49 E
Fig. 12.5: Menu for the definition of I2C sources 49 ENVELOPE: 38
Fig. 12.6: I2C data trigger menu 50 Ethernet: 10, 60
Fig. 12.7: I2C READ/WRITE trigger menu 50
Fig. 12.8: I C BUS
2 50 F
Fig. 12.9: Simple configuration of a SPI BUS 51 fall time: 24, 39
Fig. 12.10: Menu for the definition of a SPI bus 51 formula editor: 16, 35, 36
Fig. 12.11: SPI trigger menu 52 frequency interferences: 20
Fig. 12.12: SPI data trigger menu 52
Fig. 12.13: UART bit sequence 52 G
Fig. 12.14: Page 1 of the menu to define a UART bus 53 Grayscale mode: 10
Fig. 12.15: Page 2|2 UART BUS setup menu 53
Fig. 12.16: Trigger menu UART data 53 H
Fig. 12.17: UART trigger menu page 2 54 Hamming window function: 39
Fig. 12.18: Setting the SAMPLE POINT during the Hanning window function: 39
CAN configuration 54 High Pass Filter: 36
Fig. 12.19: CAN data trigger menu 55 hysteresis: 24
Fig. 12.20: CAN BUS 55
Fig. 12.21: Layout LIN byte structure 56 I
Fig. 12.22: Menu for the definition of a LIN bus 56 I2C BUS: 49, 50
Fig. 12.23: LIN data trigger menu 56 IEEE-488: 12, 13
Fig. 13.1: Pin assignment of the RS-232 interface 57 interlace mode: 23
Fig. 13.2: Ethernet-settings dialog box 59
L
licence key: 12, 48
LIN bus: 56, 57

64
 Appendix

Lissajous: 30 sensitivity: 2
logic channels: 46, 47, 50 serial bus analysis: 49
logic mode: 28 signal amplitude: 32, 34
logic probe: 8, 12, 13, 25, 27, 46, 48 signal source: 8, 18, 49
Logic Trigger: 27, 46 signal voltage: 28
low pass filter: 18, 20, 26, 36 slope trigger: 24, 26
SPI bus: 52
M square wave signal: 14, 33, 49
Marker Function: 24 standard deviation: 32, 34, 35
mask test: 39, 40 Storage: 5
mathematical functions: 16, 35, 36 sweep: 49
mathematical graph: 16
maximum repeat rate: 22 T
Maximum voltage: 39 termination: 18
mean value: 32, 33, 34, 35, 38 threshold: 19, 28, 31, 32, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57
mean voltage: 15, 33 time base setting: 20, 23, 42
measurement source: 34 trigger conditions: 9, 20, 25, 26, 28, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57
Measuring category: 6 trigger event: 25, 29, 53, 54, 55
memory depth: 21, 22, 23 trigger input: 13, 52
Minimum voltage: 39 trigger level: 9, 24, 26, 27
mixed-signal operation: 12 trigger modes: 25
trigger signal: 9, 25, 26, 34
P trigger slope: 9
Pass/Fail test: 39 trigger source: 23, 25, 27, 34
peak detection: 20, 21, 22 Triggersystem: 25
peak voltage: 15, 18, 39 trigger time: 20, 23, 28, 47, 53
period: 15, 21, 24, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 55 trigger type: 9, 25, 26, 27, 29, 54
persistence: 30
polarity: 28, 41, 55 U
probe compensation: 14 UART bus: 53
pulse trigger: 26, 27, 28 UART/RS-232 Bus: 53
pulse width: 15, 24, 26, 27, 28, 33, 39 UART trigger settings: 55
USB/Ethernet: 13
Q USB interface: 59, 60
Quick mathematics: 35, 36 USB port: 8, 11, 12, 13
Quick View: 15, 39 USB stick: 8, 37

R V
rectangle function: 39 video modulation: 28
reference curves: 44 virtual screen: 8
reference signal: 9, 16 V marker: 15, 32, 47
reference time: 27, 28 Voltage variation: 58
remote interface: 8
rise and fall times: 15 Y
rise time: 24, 32, 33 Y-Output: 13
RMS: 15, 16, 32, 33, 39
RS-232 interface: 59 Z
runt: 24 Z input: 31
zoom: 24, 25
S ZOOM: 14, 20, 23, 24
sampling frequency: 20 zoom function: 25
sampling rate: 9, 20, 21, 22, 23, 43, 48
Save/Recall: 17
SCPI: 58
screen displays: 16, 41, 42
screenshot: 13, 17, 44, 45
Scripting language SCPI: 58
Self Alignment: 12, 13
semiconductors: 40, 41

65
Appendix

66
© 2015 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Customer Support: www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com
Service: www.service.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

5800.4428.02 │ Version 03 │R&S®HMO Compact Series

The follwowing abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®HMO Compact Series is abbreviated as R&S HMO Compact Series.