PROCESO DIRECCIÓN DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL INTEGRAL

FORMATO GUÍA DE APRENDIZAJE

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA GUIA DE APRENDIZAJE

 Denominación del Programa de Formación: GESTION DE RECURSOS NATURALES

 Código del Programa de Formación:
 Numero de Ficha: 1905557
 Competencia
 PRODUCIR TEXTOS EN INGLES EN FORMA ESCRITA Y ORAL..
 Resultados de Aprendizaje Alcanzar:
 BUSCAR DE MANERA SISTEMÁTICA INFORMACIÓN ESPECÍFICA Y DETALLADA EN ESCRITOS EN
INGLÉS, MAS ESTRUCTURADOS Y CON MAYOR CONTENIDO TÉCNICO.
 Duración de la Guía: 4 Horas

2. FORMULACIÓN DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE

 Activity 1 (Fracking).

Read the following text about Fracking .

Fracking is a way of getting natural gas out of the ground. Natural gas is used in many countries for power and heat.
People frack by pumping water and other materials into deep holes. This causes natural gas to come out. Fracking is a
huge business. But people cannot agree on whether it is helpful or harmful.

Background
People have always needed fuel. People use fuel to cook food and keep their homes warm. They also use fuel to make
machines work.

GFPI-F-019 V03
 : The fracking process; removing natural gas from the ground. (© EBSCO)

Long ago, people used wood for fuel. Then they started using fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are fuels found in the ground.
They are made of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels.

Over time, the population grew. The population is the number of people. Then people made new machines. These
machines needed a large amount of fuel. People began digging and drilling into the ground to find more fuel.

Fuel was getting harder to find, though. People had to dig deeper into the ground to get it.

Looking for Fuel

People dug deep wells into the ground to find fossil fuels. In the 1860s, some people began adding nitroglycerine to
these wells. Nitroglycerine is a strong chemical. It can explode, or blow up. People blew up the nitroglycerine to break
the rocks inside the ground. Breaking these rocks made it easier to get the fuel trapped in the rocks. Later, people used
other chemicals. These were also dangerous.

In 1947, people in Kansas tried a new plan. They used water, sand, and chemicals to break the rocks in the ground.
They called their plan hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing means breaking. Hydraulic means using moving water. People
called this plan fracking. ("Fracking" is short for "fracturing.")

People used fracking to get natural gas. They got this fuel by fracturing rocks called shale. Shale is found deep under
the ground. It holds natural gas and other fuels.

Fracking became very popular. People used it in Texas and Oklahoma. Soon, people in many parts of the United States
were fracking. Then people in other countries began fracking, too. People in Mexico, Canada, Russia, and China began
fracking. Fracking is now a huge business.

How Fracking Works

Fracking is a difficult job. First, workers drill a deep hole into the ground. They drill into shale rock that holds natural gas.
First, they drill straight down. Then, they drill horizontally, or across.

GFPI-F-019 V03
Then, workers get a large amount of water. They add sand and chemicals to this water. They pump the water very
quickly into the hole. The water hits the shale very hard and breaks the shale.

Natural gas comes out of the broken shale. The natural gas flows up to the surface. Workers waiting on the surface
gather the gas. Then, a gas company sells it. People use it as energy, or power, for heating or machines. Natural gas
makes up about 25 percent of the energy in the United States.

Concerns about Fracking

Fracking is very popular. It is also a very important business. Gas companies spend millions of dollars on fracking.
However, many people disagree about fracking. Some people think it is a great idea. But other people think it is harmful.
Both sides have strong reasons for their beliefs.

People who do not like fracking say it is dangerous. Fracking can hurt the environment, or the world we live in. Fracking
uses a lot of water. Much of this water is wasted. It is lost deep in the ground. Fracking may let chemicals get into other
water, too. These chemicals can harm living things. This is a type of pollution. Pollution makes land, air, and water
unsafe.

People who like fracking believe it is not harmful. They claim natural gas is cleaner than other forms of fuel. It is cheaper,
too. People can frack in many parts of the world because shale is found in many places.

Bibliography and Works Cited

Books
Hadley, Barbara, Tom Rennell, and Derek Austin. Fracking: Risks and Rewards. London: Iskaboo Publishing, 2014: 6-
16. This book discusses the positives and negatives of fracking.
Nagelhout, Ryan. Fracking. New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2014: 4-7. This book gives an overall idea of how
fracking works.
Newton, David E. "Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking)." American Economic History. Olson, James S. and Abraham O.
Mendoza. Denver, Colorado: Greenwood: 316-318. This article explains the history and uses of fracking.

Websites
BBC News. <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-14432401>"What Is Fracking and Why Is It Controversial?" Accessed
January, 2016.
This website explains the process of fracking and why some people are against it.
Natural Resources Defense Council. <http://www.nrdc.org/energy/gasdrilling/>"Unchecked Fracking Threatens Health,
Water Supplies." Accessed January, 2016.
This website discusses the dangers of fracking.
Popular Mechanics. Hearst Communications, Inc. McGraw, Seamus.
<http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/g161/top-10-myths-about-natural-gas-drilling-6386593/>"Is Fracking
Safe? The 10 Most Controversial Claims about Natural Gas Drilling." Accessed January, 2016.
This website discusses myths and truths about fracking.

2. Comprehension Test
Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Fracking began in which country?

A. Russia
B. China
C. the United States
D. Mexico

2. How do people use water in fracking?

A. to clean the land
B. to break rocks
C. to power machines
D. to dig deep Wells

3. What is pollution?
A. a danger
GFPI-F-019 V03
B. a fuel
C. a machine
D. a business

3. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

 4. ______ is a kind of rock that holds natural gas.

 5. Some important fossil fuels are oil, coal, and ______.
 6. Something that is hydraulic uses moving ______.

4. Design a mind map based on the reading.

5. What do you think about the text?

________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

GFPI-F-019 V03