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Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE Unit 5: Calculus of Variations: I Fxyydx

This document discusses calculus of variations and Euler's equation. It provides several examples of functionals and asks the reader to: 1) Find the extremals for various functionals involving integration of functions of x, y, and y'. 2) Show that a curve joining two points with a specific functional is a circle. 3) Solve variational problems involving functionals under given boundary conditions. 4) Identify shapes that extremize certain functionals, such as the brachistochrone curve and catenary. 5) Find curves that extremize functionals meeting given boundary conditions.

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Nikhil Prasanna
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94 views

Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE Unit 5: Calculus of Variations: I Fxyydx

This document discusses calculus of variations and Euler's equation. It provides several examples of functionals and asks the reader to: 1) Find the extremals for various functionals involving integration of functions of x, y, and y'. 2) Show that a curve joining two points with a specific functional is a circle. 3) Solve variational problems involving functionals under given boundary conditions. 4) Identify shapes that extremize certain functionals, such as the brachistochrone curve and catenary. 5) Find curves that extremize functionals meeting given boundary conditions.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Prasanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dept.

of Mathematics, BMSCE Unit 5: Calculus of Variations

CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS:
x2

EULER’S EQUATION: A necessary condition for I   f ( x, y, y ')dx to be an extremum is that


x1

f d  f 
  0
y dx  y  

Other forms of Euler’s equation:


d  f  f
i. If f is a function of x, y, y’ then Euler’s equation will be of the form  f  y  0
dx  y   x
ii. If f is a function of x, y, y’ then Euler’s equation will be of the form
f 2 f 2 f 2 f
  y  y  0
y x y y y    y
2

1. Find the extremal of the following functionals:


x2

 ( y ' x
2
a) y '2 ) dx . (Grewal)
x1
x2

 (y  y '2  2 ye x ) dx .
2
b) (Grewal)
x1
b

 (x y '2  2 y 2  2 xy ) dx . (Grewal)
2
c)
a
x2

 (y'  y 2  2 y sec x ) dx .
2
d)
x1
x1

e)  ( x  y) ydx . (Grewal)


x0
x1

 (1  x
2
f) y ') y ' dx . (Grewal)
x0

g)

 2  0 .
2
h)  (y
2
 y '2  2 y sin x) dx, y (0)  y  (Grewal)
0

2
i)  (y'  y
2 2
 4 y cos x) dx, y (0)  y    0 . (Grewal)
0

1 y2
x1

j)  y '3 dx (Grewal)
x0
2
x3
k)  dx ; y 1  0 & y 2  3. (Grewal)
1
y'2
2
1  y'2
l)  dx ; y 1  0 & y 2  1. (Grewal)
1
x
x1
y'2
m)  x3
dx (Grewal)
x0

Applied Mathematics Page 1


Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE Unit 5: Calculus of Variations

2
x3
n)  dx ; y 1  0 & y 2  3. (Grewal)
1
y'2
o)

 y' 
2
p) On which curve the functional 2
 y 2  2 xy dx with y 0  0 & y  / 2  0 be
0
extremized?

 y' 
1

q) Find the curves on which the functional 2


12 xy dx with y 0  0 & y 1  1 .
0

2
1
2. Show that the curve joining the points 1, 0  and  2,1 for which I   1  y 2 dx is an extremum
1
x
is a circle.

 y 
2
3. Solve the variational problem  2
 y ' 2 dx under the conditions y 0  0 & y  / 2  0 .
0

4. Find the path on which a particle in the absence of friction will slide from one point to another in
the shortest time under the action of gravity. (Brachistochrone problem )

5. A heavy cable hangs freely under gravity between fixed points. Show that the shape of the cable
is catenary. (Hanging chain problem)
1

 ( y '  12 xy )dx with y(0)  0 and y (1)  1 can be


2
6. Find the curve on which the functional
0
extremized?
1

 ( x  y  y ' )dx  0 under the conditions y(0)  1 and y(1)  2 .


2
7. Solve the variational problem
0
1

Show that the general solution of the Euler’s equation for the integral  y  3x( y '  1)  yy ' dx
2 2 3
8.
0

under the conditions y(0)  0 and y(1)  2 is x 2  y 2  5 x  0


b
1
9. Show that the general solution of the Euler’s equation for the integral  1  ( y ') 2 dx is
a
y
( x  h) 2  y 2  k 2 .

Applied Mathematics Page 2

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