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Cell Modification: Mr. Kevin Francis E. Magaoay

The document defines cell modification as specialized structures or modifications acquired by cells after cell division to benefit the cell. It describes the three main types of cell modification - apical, basal, and lateral - and provides examples for each type such as cilia, flagella, and microvilli for apical modifications. The functions of different cell modifications are discussed, with tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions characterized as examples of lateral, basal, and lateral modifications respectively.

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Desiree Ann Marasigan
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282 views

Cell Modification: Mr. Kevin Francis E. Magaoay

The document defines cell modification as specialized structures or modifications acquired by cells after cell division to benefit the cell. It describes the three main types of cell modification - apical, basal, and lateral - and provides examples for each type such as cilia, flagella, and microvilli for apical modifications. The functions of different cell modifications are discussed, with tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions characterized as examples of lateral, basal, and lateral modifications respectively.

Uploaded by

Desiree Ann Marasigan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Cell Modification
Prepared by:
MR. KEVIN FRANCIS E. MAGAOAY
Faculty, SHS Biology Department
Learning Objectives:
 Define cell modification
 enumerate and describe the three types of cell
modification
 characterize apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications
 give examples of apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications
Overview:
 Definition of Cell modification
 Three types of Cell Modification
 Examples of Apical, Basal and Lateral Cell
Modification
 Functions of the different Cell Modification
What is Cell Modification?
 Are specialized or modifications re-acquired by
the cell after cell division that helps the cell in
different beneficial ways
Cilia

Flagella

Microvilli
Cell Modification
Apical

Pseudopods
Cell wall
ECM
Glycoprotein Collagen
Basal Hemidesmosomes

Tight Junctions

Lateral Adhering Junctions

Gap Junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

plasmodesma

ER
tight junctions cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cell wall

gap junctions

adhering junctions

basement membrane
A Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues. B Plasmodesmata are channels
that connect the cytoplasm and ER
of adjacent plant cells.
Apical Modification
free surface of epithelial tissue

 Cell modification found on


the apical surface of the
cell tight junctions

gap junctions

adhering junctions

basement membrane
Apical Modification
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia are usually short,
hair-like structures that
move in waves
Flagella are long whiplike
structures
Formed from
microtubules
Apical Modification

Cilia Flagellum
Apical Modification
Villi and Microvilli
 Villi are finger-like projections
that arise from the epithelial
layer in some organs. They help
to increase surface area
allowing for faster and more
efficient adsorption
 Microvilli are smaller projections
that arise from the cell's surface
that also increase surface area
allowing faster and more
efficient absorption
Apical Modification
Pseudopods
Temporary, irregular
lobes formed by
amoebas and some
other eukaryotic cells
Bulge outward to
move the cell or
engulf prey
Apical Modification
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)
Compound secreted by the cell on its apical
surface
Cell wall is the extracellular structure in plant
cells that distinguishes them from animal cells
Glycoprotein is the main ingredient of ECM in
animal cells
Apical Modification
Basal Modification
free surface of epithelial tissue

 Cell modification found on


the basal surface of the
cell tight junctions

gap junctions

adhering junctions

basement membrane
Basal Modification
Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes
 Anchoring junction on the
basal surface of the cell
 Rivet-like links between
cytoskeleton and extracellular
matrix components such as
the basal lamina that underlie
epithelia
 Primarily composed of keratin,
integrins and cadherins
Basal Modification
Lateral Modification
 Cell modification found
on the basal surface of
the cell
Lateral Modification
Tight Junction
Act as barriers that
regulate the movement
of water and solutes
between epithelial layers
Prevent leakage of ECF
Lateral Modification
free surface of epithelial tissue

Adhering Junction
Anchoring junction on the
lateral surface of the cell
tight junctions
Very similar to the
anchoring junction of the
gap junctions
basal surface of the cell
Fasten cells to one adhering junctions

another basement membrane


Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
Lateral Modification
free surface of epithelial tissue

Gap Junction
 Also known as
communicating junctions
 Closable channels that tight junctions

connect the cytoplasm of


adjoining animal cells
 Presence of connexon that gap junctions

allow direct exchange of adhering junctions

chemicals between the


cytoplasm of two cells basement membrane
Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
Assignment
Visit the link:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_v
s_Prokaryotic_Cell

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