Multidisciplinary Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pg.

994-998

Journal homepage: www.mjret.in

ISSN:2348 - 6953

ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND AUTOMATIC SPEED

CONTROL USING EYE BLINKING, HEAD MOVEMENT
AND ALCOHOL DETECTION

Mr. Sarvesh Thaware,Mr. Nilesh Pathare,Mr. Prasad Mane, Mrs. Saniya Ansari
Dept. of E&TC, Dr. D. Y. Patil School of Engineering, SPPU,
Pune, India

Abstract: This paper describes a real-time online prototype driver-fatigue monitor. It uses
remotely located charge-coupled-device cameras equipped with active infrared illuminators
to acquire video images of the driver. Various visual cues that typically characterize the level
of alertness of a person are extracted in real time and systematically combined to infer the
fatigue level of the driver. The visual cues employed characterize eyelid movement, gaze
movement, head movement, and facial expression. A probabilistic model is developed to
model human fatigue and to predict fatigue based on the visual cues obtained. The
simultaneous use of multiple visual cues and their systematic combination yields a much
more robust and accurate fatigue characterization than using a single visual cue. This
system was validated under real-life fatigue conditions with human subjects of different
ethnic backgrounds, genders, and ages; with/without glasses; and under different
illumination conditions. It was found to be reasonably robust, reliable, and accurate in fatigue
characterization.

Keywords- Security, Artificial intelligence, Movement detection.

1. INTRODUCTION

The ever increasing numbers of traffic accidents all over the world are due to diminished
driver’s vigilance level. Drivers with a diminished vigilance level suffer from a marked decline
in their perception; recognition and vehicle control abilities & therefore pose a serious danger
to their own lives and the lives of the other people. For this reason, developing systems that
actively monitors the driver’s level of vigilance and alerting the driver of any insecure driving
condition is essential for accident prevention. Many efforts have been reported in the
literature for developing an active safety system for reducing the number of automobiles
accidents due to reduced vigilance. Drowsiness in drivers can be generally divided into the
following categories:
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 Sensing of physiological characteristics.

 sensing of driver operation
 Sensing of vehicle response.
 Monitoring the response of driver.

Among these methods, the techniques based on human physiological phenomena are the
most accurate. This technique is implemented in two ways:
 Measuring changes in physiological signals, such as brain waves, heart rate, and eye
blinking.
 And measuring physical changes such as sagging posture, leaning of the driver’s
head and the open/closed states of the eyes.

The first technique, while most accurate, is not realistic, since sensing electrodes would
have to be attached directly on to the driver’s body, and hence be annoying and distracting
to the driver. In addition, long time driving would result in perspiration on the sensors,
diminishing their ability to monitor accurately. The second technique is well-suited for real
world driving conditions since it can be non-intrusive by using video cameras to detect
changes. Driver operation and vehicle behavior can be implemented by monitoring the
steering wheel movement, accelerator or brake patterns, vehicle speed, lateral acceleration,
and lateral displacement. These too are nonintrusive ways of detecting drowsiness, but are
limited to vehicle type and driver condition. The final technique for detecting drowsiness is by
monitoring the response of the driver. This involves periodically requesting the driver to send
a response to the system to indicate alertness. The problem with this technique is that it will
eventually become tiresome and annoying to the driver. The propose system based on eyes
closer count & yawning count of the driver. By monitoring the eyes and mouth, it is believed
that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early enough to avoid a car accident.
The eye blink frequency increases beyond the normal rate in the fatigued state. In addition,
micro sleeps that are the short periods of sleep lasting 3 to 4 seconds are the good indicator
of the fatigued state, but it is difficult to predict the driver fatigue accurately or reliably based
only on single driver behavior. Additionally, the changes in a driver’s performance are more
complicated and not reliable so in this system second parameter is also considered which a
yawning count is. In order to detect fatigue probability the facial expression parameters must
be extracted first.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Accident avoidance and detection on highways”[1] is when you think of work-related safety
hazards, you probably think about what goes on inside the work place. Boneo the greatest
threats to your safety are not in the workplace, but rather on the road. Someone is injured
every 18seconds.

“Implementation of the Driver Drowsiness Detection System”[2] is Driver fatigue is a

significant factor in a large number of vehicle accidents. The development of technologies for
detecting or preventing drowsiness at the wheel is a major challenge in the field of accident
avoidance systems.

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“Accident Prevention Using Eye Blinking and Head Movement”[3] is that describes a real-
time online prototype driver fatigue monitor. It uses remotely located charge-coupled-device
cameras equipped with active infrared illuminators to acquire video images of the driver.

“Intelligent Car System for Accident Prevention Using ARM-7”[4] that is about making cars
more intelligent and interactive which may notify or resist user under unacceptable
conditions, they may provide critical information of real time situations to rescue or police or
owner himself.

“Speed control module”[5] This paper presents a new design to control the speed of the
automobiles at remote places for fixed time. Generally, in automobiles throttle position is
controlled by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) mainly according to the one of the inputs
received from the accelerator’s Pedal position sensor.

“Intelligent accident identification system using GPS, GSM modem”[5] Recently

technological and population development, the usage of vehicles are rapidly increasing and
at the same time the occurrence accident is also increased.

“Design and Development of Accident Alerting using Eye Blinking and Head Movement”[6]
Drowsy driving has been implicated as a causal factor in many accidents. Therefore, real
time drowsiness monitoring can prevent traffic accidents effectively.

“Embedded controller for safety in automobile”[7]This paper proposes a real time accident
prevention system by using sensor technology. The objective is to detect the driver’s fatigue
and drunk driving by alarming if the same pattern repeats and to control the speed near the
school zone using RF module.

“Intel-Eye[8]: An Innovative System for Accident Detection, Warning and Prevention Using
Image Processing (A Two– Way Approach in Eye Gaze Analysis) Driver in-alertness is an
important cause for most accidents related to vehicle crashes. Drowsy driver detection
methods can form the basis of a system to potentially reduce accidents related to driver
doziness.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Figure 1: Proposed system

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4. WORKING PROCEDURE

The block diagram of proposed system is depicted in fig.1; it consists of LCD,

Microcontroller, MQ3, IR, Accelometer and GSM, Buzzer.

Power supply- In this system we are using 5V power supply for microcontroller of
Transmitter section as well as receiver section. We use rectifiers for converting the A.C. into
D.C and a step down transformer to step down the voltage.

Microcontroller- In this work the micro-controller is playing a major role. Micro-controllers

were originally used as components in complicated process-control systems. However,
because of their small size and low price, Micro-controllers are now also being used in
regulators for individual control loops. The purpose of this work is to present control theory
that is relevant to the analysis and design of Micro-controller system with an emphasis on
basic concept and ideas. It is assumed that a Microcontroller with reasonable software is
available for computations and simulations [3] so that many tedious details can be left to the
Microcontroller. The control system design is also carried out up to the stage of
implementation in the form of controller programs in assembly language OR in C-Language.

GSM Module- GSM is a digital wireless communication protocol for mobile phones. It is
provided with many other useful features such as security, authentication and the ability to
switch phones without the need to reconfigure the phone with the existence of the SIM card.

MQ3 Sensor- This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your
breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response time.
Sensor provides an analog output based on alcohol concentration.

.LCD- LCD is used to display the data. LCD we have used is 16x2 i.e. 16 characters in 1
line, total 2 lines are there. We could have used a better resolution LCD but due to limitation
of money and for project requirement 16x2 LCD is sufficient.

Accelometer- 3-axis sensing small. Accelometer used for the head movement of driver.
Different axis gives different values such that we can control the speed of car.

IR Sensor- This Eye Blink sensor is IR based. The Variation Across the eye will vary as per
eye blink. If the eye is closed means the output is high otherwise output is low. This to know
the eye is closing or opening position. This output is given to logic circuit to indicate by the
alarm.

5. CONCLUSION

The project is aimed to provide human safety while driving any vehical. Eye based control
will be the future of all types of device control, thus making the operation so comfortable and
much easier with less human presence. Several risk operations can be easily performed with
this type of application and further research and study on these areas will create a new trend
of interacting with machines. Hence, a system to monitor fatigue by detecting eye blink &
head movement was developed using self-developed algorithms

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ACKNOELEDGMENT

Authors would like to thank our complete E&TC Dept. of support and cooperation during the
work. We owe sincere thanks, more than what we can express, towards Prof. S. N.
Kulkarni, Head of Department for this guidance, valuable suggestions and constant support
throughout this work. We are highly obliged to Dr. S. S. Sonawane, Director, Dr. D. Y. Patil
School of Engineering, Lohegaon, Pune who has been constant source of inspiration.

REFERENCES

[1] Real-Time Non - intrusive Monitoring and Prediction of Driver Fatigue on highwayby Qiang Ji, Zhiwei
Zhu, and Peilin Lan, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 53, NO. 4, JULY
2004.
[2] Boston University Computer Science Technical Report No.2005-12 Real Time Eye Tracking and Blink
Detection with USB Cameras Michael Chau and Margrit Betke, Computer Science Department Boston
University Boston, MA 02215, USA { mikechau, [email protected]} May 12, 2005
[3] IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.9 No.3, March 2009, A
Neuro-Genetic System Design for Monitoring Driver’s Fatigue N.G.Narole , Reserch
Scholar,G.H.Raisoni College of ngineering, Nagpur, Dr.P.R.Bajaj, Principal, G.H.Raisoni College of
Engineering, Nagpur.
[4] “Embedded Systems” by Raj Kamal, 2nd Edition, TMH.
[5] Andrew sloss “ Arm System Developer guide”, Elsevier
[6] Frank Vahid, “ Embedded system design “ , PHI
[7] www.indiastudychannel.com/.../132270-3137-Eyeblink-report-Copy...
[8] http://www.intel.inl/gw/cpe/medewerkers_cpe/Verwey/Publicaties%20Prof.%20Dr.%20Ing.%20Willem%
20Verwey/2000_verwey_zaidel_pid.pdf

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