INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

1. Overview of The Organization 2
1.1 Services

2. Training Program 5
2.1 Project Overview
2.2 Responsibilities Assigned

3. Introduction and Implementation 7

3.1 Functional and Non-functional Requirements
3.2 System Implementations.
3.3 Parking Management System Modules

4. Snapshots 15

5. Learning Experiences 19
5.1 Knowledge and Skills Acquired
5.2 Observed Attitudes and Gained Values
5.3 Challenging Tasks Performed

CONCLUSION 20

REFERENCES 21

INTERNSHIP AND ITS IMPORTANCE

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Internships are formal programs designed to provide practical experience in

real world environment to students who are new to that field. Internships help
build competent resume by giving students visible work experience. Although
colleges and universities assist students in finding the right Internship
programs, it is the responsibility of the would-be interns to carefully examine
the internship programs, and see if those programs actually offer the
training(s) they need.

Purpose of Internship:

Internship program provides a new perspective to the students. It provides

learning opportunities outside the boundaries of the course curriculum and
classroom activities. These opportunities enhance student’s capability to apply
theoretical understanding into real-world scenarios, thereby enhancing the
students’ academic and career goals.

Objective of Internship:

The purpose of this internship is to expose students to real work of

environment experience and at the same time. The report is preparing for the
purpose of explaining the achievement of the author during internship period.
The objectives of internship program are as follows:

To build the strength, teamwork spirit and self-confidence in student life.

 Provides the opportunity to learn real-life work skills and etiquette hands-on at a
real job.
 To gain valuable skills, knowledge and experience in a field to allow you to
make a career transition.
 Explore a career interest, develop skills, and gain experience.
 Internship, focus on skills you will learn and experiences you will have, not
simply on the company name.
 To help you apply the theory and skills you have learned in the classroom
setting, and for your personal development.
 The student will be able to instilled with good moral values such as
responsibilities, commitment and trustworthy during their training time.
 Internships strengthen resumes by giving students visible work experience and
providing older job hunters with needed credentials to change careers.

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION

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Company Name: Nexus Edutech Private Limited

About Company:

Nexus Edutech is the first of its kind institution in Mysore. Our diverse team includes
Educators and Engineers from various Engineering domains. We help technical students to
acquire essential skills to succeed in this increasingly competitive world. Our unique set of
courses keep students updated with the latest trends in the industry. Our in house and
collaborated industrial internship offer great exposure and career assistance. We organize
many events, conferences, and workshops to share insights and follow effective learning
method. Our career guidance programs help the students to choose their desired career
options and provide adequate career opportunities.

Career guidance is one of the prominent aspects that will make or break one’s career. The
Nexus Edutech faculties are endeavoured to render the best possible guidance to the
candidates. We are committed in training students by analysing and keeping aspirations in
mind. Our well-defined approach and methods groom students into professionals in their
chosen field. The Nexus Edutech professionals focus on candidate passion and aid them to
overcome the obstacles in career path. Our team is up-to-date with the current state of affairs
in a particular career field. Finally, we are proud to say that our career advice and guidance
acts as a stepping-stone for your success.

1.1 SERVICES

We ensure smooth running of IoT in your company via integrated operations platform,
enterprise information, process management and IoT platform support services.

 IoT device management & Platform

IoTized devices

Upgrade, bug fixing and timely escalations to customers. Device replacement & security
support. Remote IoT platform management.

IoT data Science & Analytics

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Data pattern & performance analysis. Measuring accuracy of data models. Data cleaning &
report generation.

IT/OT Convergence

Migration of processes. Process automation and standardization. Service management.

Executing IoT processes & workflows.

What we deliver

Provisioning, Measuring & Monitoring

Orchestrate IT/OT

Platform hosting & micro services

High performance analytics & insight as-a-service

Uptime assurance: 24/7 support

CHAPTER 2

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TRAINING PROGRAM

The Company trained us for 4 weeks in which we were taught internet of things (IoT). The
main objective of the work is designing microcontroller based toxic gas detecting LPG
leakage detecting and alerting system. This work mainly aims to design and develop reliable,
efficient, flexible, economical, real time and realistic wellness sensor networks for smart
home systems. To provide healthy and secure life for human. We develop an application that
collects the sensor data and alerts the user to enhance the security. The main objectives of the
proposed research work can be briefed as following: To implement the GSM technology. To
build a cost effective system.

2.1 Project Overview

The goal of building a smart city is to improve quality of life by using technology to improve
the efficiency of services and meet residents needs. Information and Communication
Technology allows city officials to interact directly with the public to tell what is happening
in the city, how the city is evolving, how to secure from hazards like leaking LPG cylinder
and how to enable a better quality of life. A Smart City is one with at least one initiative
addressing one or more of the following six characteristics: Smart Governance, Smart People,
Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Economy and Smart Environment. We are going to
develop an app that is going to bear a hand in this campaign. Consider an area that is being
surveyed for estimating how much the area is affected by pollution. The constituents of air
along with its proportion are calculated and if it is higher than normal then the officials are
intimated about it. Then the people are evacuated to a safe place.

2.2 Responsibilities Assigned

The proposed Air Quality Monitoring System provides real-time information about the level
of air pollution in various regions.

1. The proposed model is established at the various locations or nodes of a city.

2. The Air Quality Monitoring System used in industrial and traffic area.

3. The LPG Regulation and Security System used in home automation system, in industrial
area, hotels, schools, and various areas. This system can be implemented in various areas
either in domestic area such as places of educational institute, residential and industrial areas
which avoids endangering of human lives.

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION

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3.1 Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

The sensor node is the heart of the Wireless Sensor Network required to perform
various applications such as sensing, information gathering, processing etc. The
sensor nodes are required to coordinate with other nodes in the network, they have the
ability to communicate, measure and actuate in great detail. The combination of
sensor nodes creates an ad-hoc network e.g. the nodes can be distributed to an
environment and wireless ad-hoc networks can be formed. To make Wireless Sensor
Network such thousands of nodes are brought together that communicate through
wireless channels for information sharing and cooperative processing. Although each
node in the WSN is very limited in energy, communication ability and computing and
storage ability, the WSN has very obvious advantages:

1) They can store a limited source of energy.

2) They have no hassle of cables and have mobility.

3) It can work efficiently under the harsh conditions, and it has large deployment.

4) It can be accessed through a centralized monitor.

5) Communication networks are self-organized with network topology adaptive to

various environments.

Hence, without sensor node the Wireless Sensor Network is incomplete.

3.2 System Implementation

The development in the equipment and our daily life are the major failures to protect the
environment against pollution. Consequently, the ecological contamination control and
monitoring systems becomes major issue .The environmental and industrial issues create the
responsiveness and duty, regarding the hazard on the environment towards human health. The
liquefied petroleum(LPG) and its leakage in large amount cause explosive accidents.
Therefore, gas leakage detection and alerting are of prime importance. The advanced
technologies with exactness and most competent quantity system are need of today’s
solution. Such gas leakage detection and alert systems are of extremely importance in homes,

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industries, automobiles, etc. To develop such a hazardous gas leakage detection system, the
wireless sensor network system is the only solution today and is a novel class of computing, a
new spot of information technology and made up of a large amount of inexpensive micro
sensor nodes deployed in a monitored region. Integrated sensor nodes can inspect, collect,
process and transmit data of perceivable objects within the coverage of network by
perceiving and controlling parameters. In sensor network, energy is consumed mainly for
three purposes namely data transmission, signal processing and hardware operation. As
pointed out earlier, wireless sensor network is a distributed network and hence it becomes
more invasive among the industrial, environmental, agricultural and military sectors. It is an
innovative technology to avoid hazards associated with the gas leakages . According to
occupational safety and health administration (OSHA), hazardous gas is that, in which
chemicals present in the workplace are capable of causing harm. The chemical term being
referred to the dust, mixtures and common materials such as paints, fuels and solvents. In
view of the LPG gas limitation, OSHA mentioned that exposes over 1000 ppm of LPG gas
will cause hazards to human respiration system. Therefore, this value is used as the threshold
value for the design system under interest.

Jan et al have applied wireless sensor network for carbon monoxide detection and
autonomous counter measurement system for a mill. The CO sensor module is
connected to a TelosB node and interfaced with IOT wireless connectivity to the
central controller. The system comprised of the central controller, a high-end PC,
connected to the TelosB wireless sensor module via USB and to the actuator circuit
through RS232. Somov et al developed a wireless sensor network system for smart
gas (CO) monitoring. The system represents an energy management that involves
three sensor levels; the network co-ordinator that uses information from the PIR
sensor, neighbouring nodes to detect the presence of a gas concentration and modulate
the duty cycle of the node and the sensor board, designed with a wireless sensor
network (WSN) node that can autonomously send the recorded data wirelessly. The
recent addition in wireless gas sensing system is a GPS based WSN systems.

As discussed earlier, architecture of a Wireless Sensor Network involves the collaborative

association of router and co-ordinator nodes.The reliability of Wireless Sensor Network
depends upon the small tiny devices called sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are set with
radio interface (IOT) with which they establish communication link to form a network.

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Hence, entire working of a Wireless Sensor Network is dependent on the sensor nodes.
Present work is based on the development of WSN for LPG gas leakage detection and the
sensor nodes were developed using an arduino microcontroller. The system consists of both
hardware as well as software components.

3.3 System Modules

CO2 sensor: CO2 is a major air pollutant present in the air. Level of the CO2 is measure by
the this sensor.

Smoke sensor: The other renaming air pollutants like smoke are measure by these sensors.

LPG Sensor: It is gas leakage sensing unit. The LPG sensors used to detecting presence LPG
gas in air. When gas leakage it gives signal to the microcontroller (MC).

Weight sensor: It is used to measure LPG cylinder weight with the LPG weight. This is used
to provide user with an alert in case the LPG level goes below the set level.

Microcontroller: This is the controlling unit. It takes the signal from sensing And detecting
units and gives controlling signal to the GSM and AC mains off circuit.

Communication module: IOT (This system receives the signal from MC and sends
information (alerts, status of the units) to the user‟s mobile app

Application module: Alarm: This unit has an audio annunciation unit generally called as
Piezo buzzer which beeps in case of LPG leakage or Fire alerts. It receives the signal from
MC, when leakage or fire detected.

Display: This consists of 16 characters and 2 lines type JHD162A Display. continuously
displays the air pollution level, weight of the gas and status of the sensors. It also signal from
MC.

3.4 Methodology

Our system focuses more on the detection and monitoring of the LPG gas leakage.
The microcontroller will continuously receive the data from the sensor in an analog
packet of data. The microcontroller will process the data and convert it into ppm. The
converted data will be displayed on the front panel of the LabVIEW. Whenever the
reading of the sensors exceeds the limit set, it will automatically send an SMS alert

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wirelessly using GSM network to the numbers (mobile) as being set on the source
code. The methodology shows the step by step taken in order to complete the gas
sensing and mentoring by a wireless gas sensing system. It also includes the planning,
the development in the design and the continuous monitoring of the system.

3.5 The calibration of wireless sensor node

Calibration is an essential process to be undertaken for electronic instrumentation. It

is a simple process that consists of reading the standard and test instruments
simultaneously when the input quantity is held constant at several values over the
range of test instrument. While calibrating, it is customary to take readings both in
ascending and descending orders. Hence, to represent the values of the parameters one
should calibrate the system precisely, so that the exact values could be outputted from
the system under investigation. Each wireless sensor node is designed for monitoring
of LPG leakage detection of wireless gas sensing system. The process of calibration is
discussed through the following procedure.

Calibration of Wireless Senor Node for MQ-2 gas sensor

The calibration of Wireless Sensor Node is carried out to find out a relationship
between output voltage (sensor) and gas concentration in ppm. For precise calibration,
the LPG gas of different volumes are applied to the sensor. This is done using 250cc
air tight gas chamber . The LPG was inserted in it using a standard medical syringe.

The output circuit connection of wireless gas sensing system

It consists of the following hardwares:

1. The connection of buzzer to the system

2. The exhaust fan connection and

3. The IOT connection.

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The purpose of the above hardware is to alert, prevention of accidental attacks and
wireless communication among the motes. The alerting to the users is possible only
after the gas concentration beyond the towering concentration. The threshold level
limits with respect to sensor output voltage is shown below.

A graph is plotted as gas concentration (ppm) vs sensor output voltage.

Fig. 1 Plot of gas concentration vs sensor output voltage.

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The typical characteristics of a MQ-2 sensor are as follows:

Model No. MQ-2

Sensor Type Semiconductor

Detection Gas LPG

Concentration 200-5000 ppm

range

Load Resistance 20 KΩ(5 KΩ -47 KΩ )

CHAPTER 4

SNAPSHOTS

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 Arduino GSM shield programming

Description: In order to perform the correct operation of the proposed system, we selected a
fixed phone number in our system and applied different operations (monitoring).

 SMS indication on user mobile phone.

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Description: We can change the message also by performing change in the program.
If the gas concentration is above 800 ppm, the system sends an alert message to the
user.

 SMS indication of explosive level of gas leakage.

Description: Shows the pictures taken from the user’s mobile phone after the fixed phone
number in GSM shield sends SMS when gas leakage happens.

 COM port testing of IOT

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Description: A dialog box was popped up to inform that the COM connection is successful

 Result output for Com Test.

Description:The set up for the IOT data transfer is done by opening the modem
configuration at the upper right corner of the window X-CTU

 Serial interfacing.

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Description:The ID for this IOT is 1000. Then set the destination address high as 1 and the
destination address low as 0. Serial interfacing is the most important things, we set the baud
rate at the arduino at 9600 and the interfacing data rate also must be 9600.

 Data transfer between two IOT’s.

Description:The ID for this IOT is 1000. Then set the destination address high as 1 and
the destination address low as 0. Serial interfacing is the most important things, we
set the baud rate at the arduino at 9600 and the interfacing data rate also must be
9600.

 Arduino programming for gas leakage detection.

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Description: Arduino programming for gas leakage detection has been explained.

 Buzzer connection to Arduino board.

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Description: An alarm is connected to a digital pin. Alarm indication alerts the peoples by
providing the long beep. Instead of leaving voice alert, long beep has higher frequency range
that travels a long distance. The buzzer is connected to Arduino pin 13.

CHAPTER 5

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

5.1 Knowledge and Skills Acquired

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 Identifying real world problems and finding opportunities to provide solutions.

 Knowledge of product development at industrial standards.

 IoTization – Device, Gateway, Connectivity, Security

 IoT Platform – Data storage, Device management, Data Science workbench

 IoT Applications and Analytics

 Integration of IoT Applications with rest of IT landscape

5.2 Observed attitudes and Gained Values

 Time Management.

 Team work.

 Commitment towards work and deadlines.

 Self Confidence

 Intrapreneurship

 Communication Skills.

CONCLUSION

The properties of wireless sensor networks allow faster deployment and

installation of various types of sensor nodes because many of these networks provide
self-organizing, self-configuring, self-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities to the

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sensor nodes. It also offers mobility and flexibility in connectivity which promotes
network expansion when needed. Moreover, an arduino UNO and nano
microcontrollers can be employed to build WSN nodes. The RF module IOT was used
in both sensor and co-ordinator nodes for secured data transmission and reception.
The leakage detection of LP gas can be made alert to the user by activating the
buzzer.

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