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18-02 Basic Connectivity Troubleshooting

The document describes various network troubleshooting tools including ping, traceroute, extended ping, and shows examples of their output. Ping is used to test reachability between hosts by sending ICMP echo requests and replies. Traceroute works by sending packets with increasing TTL values to trace the hop-by-hop path between two hosts. Extended ping allows customizing ping parameters like source address.

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richard akpagni
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© © All Rights Reserved
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62 views

18-02 Basic Connectivity Troubleshooting

The document describes various network troubleshooting tools including ping, traceroute, extended ping, and shows examples of their output. Ping is used to test reachability between hosts by sending ICMP echo requests and replies. Traceroute works by sending packets with increasing TTL values to trace the hop-by-hop path between two hosts. Extended ping allows customizing ping parameters like source address.

Uploaded by

richard akpagni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ping

ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP Echo Request


SRC IP: 10.0.0.1
DST IP: 10.1.0.1

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Ping
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP Echo Reply


SRC IP: 10.1.0.1
DST IP: 10.0.0.1

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Ping Responses
If the ping is successful:

R1#ping 10.1.0.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.0.1, timeout is 2
seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max =
68/322/1076 ms
Ping Responses
If the router does not have a corresponding route or the destination IP
address does not respond:

R1#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2
seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Ping Responses
If the router discards the packet (for example it is blocked by an Access
Control List):

R1#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2
seconds:
UUUUU
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Extended Ping
Scenario: The user on PC1 complains that he can’t access services on PC3
The problem is R4 does not have a route to 10.0.1.0/24
Traffic which originates from a router always uses the IP address on the
outgoing interface as the source address
A ping from R1 to 10.1.2.10 will succeed because R4 has a route to
10.0.0.1
Extended Ping
PC1> ping 10.1.2.10
10.1.2.10 icmp_seq=1 timeout
10.1.2.10 icmp_seq=2 timeout
10.1.2.10 icmp_seq=3 timeout
10.1.2.10 icmp_seq=4 timeout
10.1.2.10 icmp_seq=5 timeout

R1#ping 10.1.2.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.2.10, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Extended Ping
R1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 10.1.2.10
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 10.0.1.1
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.2.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.0.1.1
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Traceroute

ICMP Echo Request


SRC IP: 10.0.0.1
DST IP: 10.1.0.1
TTL

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Traceroute

ICMP Echo Request


SRC IP: 10.0.0.1
DST IP: 10.1.0.1
TTL: 1

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Traceroute

ICMP Time Exceeded


SRC IP: 10.0.0.2
DST IP: 10.0.0.1

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Traceroute

ICMP Echo Request


SRC IP: 10.0.0.1
DST IP: 10.1.0.1
TTL: 2

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Traceroute

ICMP Echo Reply


SRC IP: 10.1.0.1
DST IP: 10.0.0.1

10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.1.1/24


.2 .1 F1/0
10.1.1.1/24 .1 .2 R1
R3 R2
F0/0 F1/0 F1/0 F0/0 F0/0 10.0.2.1/24
F2/0
Traceroute Responses
Successful Traceroute:

R1#traceroute 10.1.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.2.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.0.0.2 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec
2 10.1.0.1 36 msec 40 msec 40 msec
3 10.1.1.1 60 msec 64 msec 60 msec
Traceroute Responses
The packet is getting as far as 10.1.0.1. Start troubleshooting there.
Press Ctrl-Shift-6 to abort

R1#traceroute 10.1.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.2.10
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.0.0.2 28 msec 16 msec 16 msec
2 10.1.0.1 36 msec 36 msec 40 msec
3 * * *
4 * * *
Other Tools – Layer 1
Show ip interface brief
Show interface
Other Tools – Layer 2
Show arp
Show mac address-table
Other Tools – Layer 4
Telnet
Other Tools – DNS
nslookup
Ping by FQDN

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