BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA,

VALLABH VIDYANAGAR.
Mechanical Engineering Department

3ME04
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Lab manual

By
Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha
and
A M Thakkar
 Vision and Mission of our college
VISION:- "Produce globally employable innovative
engineers with core values”
MISSION:-
1. Re-engineer curricula to meet global employment
requirements.

2. Promote innovative practices at all levels.

3. Imbibe core values.

4. Reform policies, systems and processes at all levels.

5. Develop faculty and staff members to meet the challenges

Vision and Mission of our department

VISION: - "Produce globally competitive, innovative
mechanical engineers with core values.”
MISSION:-
1. Design curricula to meet global requirements and challenges.

2. Promote innovative practices at all levels.

3. Imbibe core values.

4. Develop faculty and staff members to meet the challenges.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD

 BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA, VALLABH VIDYANAGAR
Mechanical Engineering Department
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
ID No. : ___________ Name:
Division: Batch: Semester: 1st Year:
INDEX
Sr.
Date Title Teacher’s Sign
No.
1 Introduction to PTC Creo Parametric
2 Working with Datums
3 Blend Feature
4 Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerances
5 Top-Down Assembly Modeling
6 Relations and Family Tables
7 Parametric curves
8 Flexible parts
9 Analysis of a statically loaded spring system
10 Analysis of an Axially Loaded Bar
11 Stress Analysis of a Planar Truss
12 One Dimensional Heat Transfer Analysis

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 1 Date:
Introduction to PTC Creo Parametric
Objective: To get acquainted with PTC Creo Parametric environment.
Theory: PTC Creo Parametric is a powerful software used to create complex designs with
great precision. The design intent of a three-dimensional (3D) model or an assembly is
defined by its specification and its use.
To make the designing process simple and quick, the designing process has been
divided into different modules in this software. This means each step of the designing is
completed in a different module. For example, generally a design process consists of the
following steps:
• Sketching using the basic sketch entities
• Converting the sketch into features and parts
• Assembling different parts and analyzing them
• Documenting parts and the assembly in terms of drawing views
• Manufacturing the final part and assembly
All these steps are divided into different modes of PTC Creo Parametric namely,
the Sketch mode, Part mode, Assembly mode, Drawing mode, and Manufacturing mode.
Feature-Based Nature: PTC Creo Parametric is a feature-based solid modeling tool. A
feature is defined as the smallest building block and a solid model created in PTC Creo
Parametric is an integration of a number of these building blocks. Each feature can be
edited individually to bring in the desired change in the solid model. The use of feature-
based property provides greater flexibility to the parts created.
Bidirectional Associative Property: There is a bidirectional associativity between all
modes of PTC Creo Parametric. The bidirectional associative nature of a software package
is defined as its ability to ensure that if any modifications are made in a particular model in
one mode, then those modifications are also reflected in the same model in other modes.
Parametric Nature: PTC Creo Parametric is parametric in nature, which means that the
features of a part become interrelated if they are drawn by taking the reference of each
other. User can redefine the dimensions or the attributes of a feature at any time. The
changes will propagate automatically throughout the model. Thus, they develop a
relationship among themselves. This relationship is known as the parent-child relationship.
Important Terms and Definitions
1. Entity: An element of the section geometry is called an entity. The entity can be an arc,
line, circle, point, conic, coordinate system, and so on. When one entity is divided at a
point, then the total number of entities are said to be two.
2. Dimension: It is the measurement of one or more entities.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.1

3. Constraint: Constraints are logical operations that are performed on the selected
geometry to make it more accurate in defining its position and size with respect to the
other geometry.
4. Parameter: It is defined as a numeric value or a word that defines a feature. For
example, all dimensions in a sketch are parameters. The parameters can be modified at
any time.
5. Relation: A relation is an equation that relates two entities.
6. Weak Dimensions and Weak Constraints: Weak dimensions and weak constraints are
temporary dimensions or constraints that appear in light blue color. These are
automatically applied to the sketch. They are removed from the sketch without any
confirmation from the user. The weak dimensions or the weak constraints should be
changed to strong dimensions or constraints if they seem to be useful for the sketch.
This only saves an extra step of dimensioning the sketch or applying constraints to it.
7. Strong Dimensions and Strong Constraints: Strong dimensions and strong constraints
appear in dark blue color. These dimensions and constraints are not removed
automatically. All dimensions added manually to a sketch are strong dimensions.
When several strong dimensions or constraints conflict (over constraints), PTC
Creo Parametric makes the constraints and dimensions appear in blue box, and
prompts the user to delete one or more of them.
Laboratory Exercise: Make the part models shown in Fig 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 & 1.4 and save in
“Z:\3ME04\ex1” folder.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.2

 Fig 1.1
Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.3
 Fig. 1.2

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.4

 Fig 1.3

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.5

 Fig 1.4

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 1.6

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 2 Date:
Working with Datums
Objective: Explore various methods of creating datum planes, datum axes, datum points
and datum coordinate system.
Theory: Datums are imaginary features (but no model geometry) with no mass or volume.
They act as reference for sketching a feature, orienting a model, assembling components,
and so on. Datums help you in creating complex models. In Creo Parametric, datums exist
as datum plane, datum curve, datum point, datum coordinate system, datum graph, etc.
Datum Planes
Ribbon: Model > Datum > Plane
You can create datum planes, other than the three default datum planes. The most common
methods and references for creating datum planes are:
 Offset – Create a datum plane by offset to an existing plane or planar surface. Pick on a
plane or planar surface as the only reference. The default type should be “Offset” in
the window. The Translation edit box is used to specify the offset distance of the new
datum plane. The offset value can also be set dynamically by using the drag handle.
 At Angle – Create a datum plane through an edge or axis and at an angle to another
plane or planar surface. Pick on a plane or planar surface for one reference and an
edge or datum axis for the other reference. Specify the rotation angle of the new
datum plane in the Rotation edit box. The rotation angle can also be changed
dynamically by using the drag handle displayed on the model.
 Through – Create a datum plane through any specified axis, edge, curve, point/vertex,
plane, cylinder, or coordinate system. This constraint can be used in combination with
other constraints. The Through constraint can also be used as a stand-alone constraint
to create a datum plane to be co-planar with another datum plane or planar surface.
When window shows offset, change the value in the window to “Through”.
 Normal – This constraint is used to create a datum plane normal to any specified axis,
edge, curve, or plane. This constraint is used in combination with other constraints.
The Normal constraint cannot be used as a stand-alone constraint.
 Parallel – Create a datum plane parallel to another plane or planar surface through
some selected reference. Pick a plane or planar surface as one reference to determine
parallelism, and then pick on a datum point, vertex, edge, axis or coordinate system as
the second reference to determine the location. The Parallel constraint cannot be used
as a stand-alone constraint.
 Tangent – Creates datum planes tangent to cylindrical features. This constraint is also
used with other constraints to create various types of datum planes.
 Through Points – Create a datum plane through three datum points or vertices. Pick
on three points or vertices or a combination to determine plane.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 2.1

Datum Axes: Datum axis is an imaginary axis that helps in creating a model. Datum axes
can be created manually. They are also created automatically when any cylindrical feature
is created.
Ribbon: Model > Datum > Axis
 Datum Axis Passing along an Edge: The Through constraint is used to create a datum
axis passing through any selected edge.
 Datum Axis Normal to a Plane: The Normal constraint is used to create a datum axis
normal to a selected face or datum plane. Select two references to place the axis.
 Datum Axis Passing through a Datum Point and Normal to a Plane: Create a datum
axis passing through a datum point or vertex and normal to any face or datum plane.
 Datum Axis Passing through the Center of a Round Surface: Select the round surface
through which you need to pass the datum axis; an axis will be created automatically
and will pass through the center.
 Datum Axis Passing through the Edge Formed by Two Planes: Select first plane or
face and then select the second plane or face using CTRL+Left mouse button; a datum
axis is created passing through the edge formed by the two faces or planes.
 Datum Axis Passing through Two Datum Points or Vertices: To create this datum axis,
select the first vertex and then select the second vertex using CTRL+left mouse button;
the datum axis will be created along the two selected datum points or vertices.
 Datum Axis Tangent to a Curve and Passing through its Vertex: Select the edge of the
cylindrical surface as the first selection. After selecting a curve or an edge, use
CTRL+left mouse button to select one vertex of the edge. The datum axis is created
tangent to the curve and passing through the selected vertex.
Datum Points: Datum points are imaginary points created to aid in creating models,
drawings, analyzing models, and so on.
 Datum Point on a Face or a Datum Plane: Select a face or a datum plane to place the
datum point. Select two references to specify the linear dimensions for the placement
of the datum point by using CTRL+left mouse button.
 Datum Point Offset to a Face or a Datum Plane: Creates datum points at an offset
distance from a specified face or a datum plane in a specified direction. Select a face or
a datum plane from where the offset distance for the placement of the datum point will
be measured.
 Datum Point at the Intersection of Three Surfaces: Sometimes, more than one
intersection point exists with the current selection of references. In such a case, use the
Next Intersection button in the Datum Point dialog box to select the other intersection
points to create the datum point on them.
 Datum Point on a Vertex: Create a datum point on the vertex of a face, an edge, or a
datum curve.
 Datum Point at the Center of a Curved Edge
 Datum Point on an Edge or a Curve: Place a datum point on the selected edge or curve.
The offset distance is measured as a ratio or a real value from the end of the edge. Note
that the geometry points created in the sketcher environment can also be used as
datum points.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 2.2

 200

20
80
70 135

20
R50

20
100
70

R10

40
20 10

100
10

15

40
70
17
40

B.V.M. Engineering College

3ME04 - CAD
40 10 Topic Datums
20 Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 120

12
50

12

12
75
50
30

80

150

100

100
12
80
30

12
240

120

B.V.M. Engineering College

3ME04 - CAD
300 Topic Datums
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 3 Date:
Blend Feature
Objective: Learn the Blend feature.
Theory: Blend features consists of two or more sections joined through transitional
faces at their edges so as to form a continuous feature.
Blends
A blended feature consists of a series of at least two planar sections that are joined together at
their edges with transitional surfaces to form a continuous feature. The Blend option is used
where the feature to be created has varying cross sections. In PTC Creo Parametric, the blend
feature is mainly of two types, Protrusion and Cut.
The number of entities in each section that are used to create the blend feature should be the
same. For example, you cannot blend a circle with a rectangle because a rectangle is
composed of four entities and a circle of one entity. It can be achieved only if the circle is
divided into four entities.
Each segment in the subsection is matched with a segment in the following subsection; to
create the transitional surfaces; Creo Parametric connects the starting points of the
subsections and continues to connect the vertices of the subsections in a clockwise manner.
By changing the starting point of a blend subsection, you can create blended surfaces that
twist between the subsections. The default starting point is the first point sketched in the
subsection.
Blend Geometries:
 Straight: Create a straight blend by connecting vertices of different subsections with
straight lines. Edges of the sections are connected with ruled surfaces.
 Smooth: Create a smooth blend by connecting vertices of different subsections with
smooth curves. Edges of the sections are connected with ruled (spline) surfaces.

Blend types:
 Parallel: All blend sections lie on parallel planes in one section sketch.
 Rotational: The Blend sections must be organized radially around a common axis, and
must be less than 180 degrees apart. Each section is sketched individually and aligned
using the coordinate system of the section.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 3.1

Open and Closed Blends:
Non-parallel blends can be open or closed. If you specify Closed, Creo Parametric uses the
first section of the blend as the last section and creates a closed, solid shape.

Blend Vertex:
By default, each section of a blend must always contain the same number of entities. For
sections that do not have enough geometric entities, you can add blend vertices. Each blend
vertex adds one entity to the section. A blend vertex acts as a terminator for the
corresponding surface of the blend, but is counted in the total number of entities for a section.
You can use a blend vertex in either a straight or smooth blend (including parallel smooth
blends), but only in the first or last section.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 3.2

 300

R165 80
200

160 240 160

500 100
300
200
300

R110
R55

160 80
240
B.V.M. Engineering College
3ME04 - CAD
SECTION B-B SECTION A-A
Topic Blend
SCALE 0.125 SCALE 0.125
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 4 Date:
Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerances

Objective: To learn how to create dimensional and geometric tolerances in drawings.

Theory:
Tolerance is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum variations in the
dimensions of the selected component. It is almost impossible to manufacture a component to
the exact dimensions. In such cases, the tolerance value is added to dimensions to make sure
that some variation that occurs during manufacturing can be taken care of. However, when a
part is actually sent for manufacturing, there are other parameters along with the dimension
tolerances that may vary and require some tolerances. Depending upon these factors, the
tolerances are divided into two types: dimensional tolerances and geometric tolerances.
Dimensional Tolerances:
When a part is designed in Creo Parametric, allowable variations are specified in model
dimensions. These variations are known as dimensional tolerances. All model dimensions are
controlled by tolerances, except basic dimensions which are considered exact. By default, all
model dimensions have a general tolerance applied to them. However, one can also apply
individual tolerances to model dimensions. General tolerances apply to all model dimensions
that appear in a nominal format, without a specific tolerance applied, whereas individual
tolerances are applied to specific individual dimensions.
The tolerance standard can be specified for a model may be either ANSI or ISO.
ANSI Tolerance Standard — this is the default tolerance standard in Creo Parametric. The
tolerance is based on the nominal dimension's number of digits after the decimal point. One
can control this globally using the configuration file options linear_tol, and angular_tol. We
can also set individual dimensions with a specific number of digits after the decimal point.
ISO Tolerance Standard — this tolerance standard is controlled by a set of standard tolerance
tables. The tolerance tables are loaded into a model when the tolerance standard is specified as
ISO. The tables are removed from a model if the tolerance standard is changed to ANSI.

Figure: ISO Tolerance Example

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 4.1

Tolerance Display Formats
Dimensional Tolerances can be in four types of formats:
 Nominal — the nominal dimension appears.
 Limits — the nominal dimension is not displayed, instead the upper and lower limit
values appear.
 Plus-Minus — the nominal value appears together with the positive and negative
variation.
 Symmetric — the nominal value appears together with a symmetric positive and
negative variation.

Figure: Tolerance Formats

Geometric Tolerances:
Geometric tolerances are detailing tools that enable to:
 Specify the critical surfaces on a part model.
 Document the relationship between critical surfaces.
 Provide information on how the part should be inspected and what deviations are
acceptable.
Within drawings, one can either show a geometric tolerance from the solid model or create a
geometric tolerance directly in the drawing.

Figure: Geometric Tolerance Example

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 4.2

Types of Geometric Tolerances:
Geometric tolerances are classified by class and type. Each type has a special symbol used to
show the tolerance condition. The following types and symbols can be used.

Class Type and Symbol Reference Entity

Form Straightness Surface of revolution, axis, or straight edge
Flatness Plane surface (not datum plane)
Circularity Cylinder, cone, or sphere
Cylindricity Cylindrical surface
Profile Line Edge
Surface Surface (not datum plane)
Orientation Angularity Plane, surface, or axis
Parallelism Cylindrical, surface, or axis
Perpendicularity Planar surface
Location Position Any
Concentricity Axis, or surface of revolution
Symmetry Any
Runout Circular Cone, cylinder, sphere, or plane
Total Cone, cylinder, sphere, or plane

Geometric Tolerance References:

To place geometric tolerances, set up certain geometric tolerance references. This includes the
following items:

Basic Dimensions — Basic dimensions are theoretically exact dimensions that appear with the
measurement value in a feature control frame. One can configure them by selecting existing
dimensions in drawings. Any tolerances are automatically removed from the selected
dimension, because tolerances cannot be added to basic dimensions.

Reference Datums — Are theoretically exact datum planes or datum axes. A reference datum
is the origin from which the location or geometric characteristics of features of a part are
defined.

Inspection Dimensions — Normally indicate that a dimension is measured frequently during

the quality control checking of a component. One can configure inspection dimensions by
selecting existing dimensions in drawings and editing their properties.

Datum Targets — Indicate critical measurement points on a plot. One can create a datum target
specifying any set datum point. Point datum targets reference a selected set datum point on a
surface or edge. Diameter datum targets contain a required diameter. Box datum targets contain
the dimensions of the selected area, and Line datum targets contain the datum name and a
leader line pointing to the selected datum curve.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 4.3

Feature Control Frame Elements

Geometric tolerances are displayed in a standard layout called a feature control frame.

Figure: Feature Control Frame

This is a rectangular box containing all the elements that make up geometric tolerances. This
includes the geometry control tool, the tolerance zone definition, and the datum reference frame
definition.

Geometry Control Tool — This contains the type of tolerance displayed as a symbol; for
example, Circularity.

Tolerance Zone — This can contain the following items:

 Tolerance Value — The stated tolerance value.

 Material Condition — Geometric tolerances are understood to be applied regardless of
feature size (RFS). If Least Material Condition (LMC) or Maximum Material Condition
(MMC) is required, it is placed in the feature control frame.
o Regardless of Feature Size (RFS) — Indicates that a geometric tolerance or
datum reference applies to any increment of size of the feature within its size
tolerance. If no symbol is shown it is understood as RFS.
o Least Material Condition (LMC) — The condition in which a feature of size
contains the least amount of material within stated limits of size. For example,
maximum hole diameter and minimum shaft diameter.
o Maximum Material Condition (MMC) — The condition in which a feature of
size contains the maximum amount of material within stated limits of size. For
example, minimum hole diameter and maximum shaft diameter.

Symbols — One can add other symbols; for example, Free State, Projected Tolerance Zone, or
Statistical Tolerance.

Free State (F) — Indicates that components should not be restricted during inspection.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 4.4

Projected Tolerance Zone (P) — Indicates that the standard tolerance is extended beyond the
surface of the part, not within the part.

Statistical Tolerance (ST) — Is a tolerance for the part or assembly based on the results of a
statistical calculation. The desired result is larger tolerances.

Datum Reference Frame — This can contain up to three datum references, known as primary,
secondary, and tertiary datums. One can add a material condition to each datum reference.

 The steps involved in creating geometric tolerances include:

1. Specify the model and the reference entity to which you add the geometric tolerance,
as well as place the geometric tolerance on the drawing.
2. Specify the datum references and material conditions for the datum references.
3. Specify the tolerance value and the material condition.
4. Specify the geometric tolerance’s symbols and modifiers, as well as the projected
tolerance zone.
5. Specify additional text that you want associated with a geometric tolerance while
creating or editing it.

Laboratory Exercise:
Create drawing of three critical components from "Eccentric" and "Butter fly valve" assembly
with appropriate dimensional and geometric tolerances. Save drawings in “Z:\3ME04\Ex4”.
Attach a print of the same in your file for lab work.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 4.5

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 5 Date:
Top-Down Assembly Modeling
Objective: Understand the Top-Down assembly approach.
Theory: An assembly is defined as a design consisting of two or more components
bonded together at their respective working positions using the assembly constraints.
These assembly designs are created in the Assembly mode of PTC Creo Parametric.
Outcomes of Top-Down Assembly Approach:
 Reduced design time
 Reduced errors (right the first time)
 Increased quality
 Better project management visibility
 Concurrent engineering
 Confidence in top-level regeneration
 Top-level change control
Top-Down Assembly Approach Vs Bottom-Up Assembly Approach
Top-Down Assembly Bottom-Up Assembly
Benefits : Benefits :
 Product needs to be fairly well  Does not need well defined structure
defined, so you’re starting with the to start.
answer  Very flexible
 Facilitates large assemblies well Drawbacks:
 Very effective way to work in cross-  Team needs to communicate
functional groups more frequently
Drawbacks:  Can get unwieldy in large
 Limits flexibility assemblies

Top-Down Assembly Approach

 Creo Parametric incorporates top-down design tools that allow for the creation of a well-
structured, logical design which provides a more concurrent working environment and
minimizes the creation of unwanted external references. These tools include advanced
component creation tools, assembly skeleton models, copied geometric and datum
references, and reference control and investigation utilities.
 Advanced component creation tools provide the ability to create components in the context
of an assembly. With this approach, the assembly structure can be created using empty
components. Part components, subassemblies, and subcomponents (components of
subassemblies) can be created to any degree required (any level of assembly) before any
geometry is actually created. Once this structure is defined, the component geometry can
be defined by selecting the part or assembly from the Model Tree and clicking activate.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD Page | 5.1

 Skeleton models are specialized components of an assembly that define skeletal, space
claim, and other physical properties that may be used to define geometry of components.
Users can make use of skeleton models for managing external references by making all
other components (at that level of assembly; not necessarily subcomponents) reference only
skeleton geometry, though this is not mandatory. Typically quilt features and datum
features are created (including curves and planes) in the skeleton part and are then used as
references to act as the behind the scenes backbone of the assembly.
 Copy Geometry features provide the ability to copy geometric and datum references from
any other component (including skeletons) into a selected skeleton or a regular part being
modified, while preserving not only the names, colors, line styles, and other properties
assigned to the original parent entities, but also the relative positions of these entities based
on the assembled positions of the components. Each Copy Geometric feature may only
copy references from a single skeleton or regular part, but multiple occurrences of these
features may be created in a single model.
Note: Although not discussed in the context of this document, external copy geometry features
can also be used for copying geometric information.
 Reference control and investigation tools, including the Global Reference Viewer provide
the ability to trace and easily understand the references that are made among features in a
design. Specifically, these tools clarify the external reference relationships that exist among
models in an assembly.
The following are the overall steps used to create an assembly using motion skeleton:
1. Create the motion skeleton (assembly skeleton).
2. Create a sketch to represent the mechanism movement and bodies.
3. Create the body skeleton (part skeleton).
4. Define the body to body connections for each body skeleton.
5. Create the solid models, attaching them to a respective body skeleton.
6. Create the solid geometry in the solid models.
Joint Connections can be defined as follows:
1. Pin joints can be defined at entity intersections or at circle centers.
2. Slider joints can be defined from overlapping lines.
3. Bearing joints can be defined where a line meets a non-endpoint location of another
line.
4. A Slot connection can be defined where a line endpoint lies on an arc or circle.
5. Ball and Cylinder joints can be selected at locations where a Pin joint is found.
Laboratory Exercise: Create a four bar chain mechanism assembly in which, AD is fixed and
is 150 mm long. The crank AB is 40 mm long, while the link CD = 80 mm oscillates about D.
BC and AD are of equal length.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD Page | 5.2

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 6 Date:
Relations and Family Tables
Objective: Learn about Relations and Family Tables
Theory: Relations (also known as Parametric relations) are user-defined mathematical
expressions that help you capture design intent by defining relationships within features or
parts, or among assembly components. Relations help in controlling the modeling process in
the following ways:
 To control the effects of modifications on models.
 To define values for dimensions in parts and assemblies.
 To set constraints for design conditions.
 To describe conditional relationships between different parts of a model or assembly.
Family tables are collections of similar parts, assemblies, or features but may differ slightly in
one or two aspects, such as size or detail features. Family tables enable you to use
standardized components by representing the part inventory in Creo Parametric. You can also
easily interchange parts and subassemblies in an assembly, because instances from the same
family are automatically interchangeable with each other.
Types of Relations:
1. Equality: Equates a parameter on the left side of the equation with an expression on
the right side. This type of relation is used for assigning values to dimensions and
parameters.
2. Comparison: Compares an expression on the left side of the equation with an
expression on the right side. This type of relation is commonly used as a constraint or
in conditional statements for logical branching.
 As a constraint:(d1 + d2) > (d3 + 2.5)
 IF (d1 + 2.5) >= d7
Conditional Statements in Relations
IF Statement: ELSE Statement
IF d1 > d2 IF d1 > d2
length = 14.5 length = 14.5
ENDIF ELSE
IF d1 <= d2 length = 7.0
length = 7.0 ENDIF
ENDIF

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 6.1

 60 180

50
10
160

20

100

shaft_dia=100
d=shaft_dia
R80
60 d1=0.6*d
d22=1.6*d
d0=1.8*d
d10=1.5*d
d5=0.8*d
d7=0.6*d

150
d4=0.5*d
d16=1.1*d
d25=0.2*d
d24=0.1*d

110
B.V.M. Engineering College
3ME04 - CAD
Topic Relations
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 100

100
400

20
10

600 200

45

50

50

d9 d23 d24 F265 F129 p14 d5

INST NAME
PCD OD Boss_Dia BORE [PATTERN_1] No_Of_Holes PCD_Hole_Dia

Generic 400 600 200 Y Y 6 50

WHEEL_1 300 500 125 Y Y 8 25 Bore_Size=0.5*Boss_Dia

WHEEL_2 300 500 125 N Y 6 30
d1=100, d2=50, d10=45 degrees
d21=10, d22=20
WHEEL_3 * 400 100 Y N * *
B.V.M. Engineering College
WHEEL_4 250 400 100 Y Y 6 25
3ME04 - CAD
WHEEL_5 * 300 100 Y N * * Topic Family Table
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
WHEEL_6 * 250 75 N N * *
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 7 Date:
Parametric curves

Objective: To learn how to create parametric curves.

Theory:
Curve generating methods:
There are three methods to create a 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D datum curve are as follow:
1. Curve through Points
2. Curve from Equation
3. Curve from Cross Section

Figure: Curve generating methods

Curve from Equation:
One can create a 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D datum curve defined by a mathematical equation. The
equation can be defined for one, two, or three coordinate system axes. The coordinate system
type can be specified for the selected coordinate system. The following three coordinate system
types can be used:
 Cartesian – specify X, Y, and Z parameters in the equation.
 Cylindrical – specify R, Theta (θ), and Z parameters in the equation.
 Spherical – specify R, Theta (θ), and Phi (Φ) parameters in the equation.
Type the equation into a text editor, which launches after specifying the type of coordinate
system. Define the three parameters for the coordinate system type specified, each on a separate
line of the text editor.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 7 .1

Using the ‘T’ Parameter:
Equations in CREO will make each of the three variables (X, Y and Z in Cartesian Coordinates)
independent of each other and based on "t" which CREO will vary from zero to one. The
following are examples of different Cartesian coordinate system equations to create a curves:
Parabola:
A simple math equation for a parabola, for instance, is normally written as:
x=y^2
In CREO, an equation must be written for each variable independently, as follows:
x=t^2 (x varies with square of t)
y=t (y varies linearly with t)
z=0 (curve on the x-y plane) (Figure 1)
CREO evaluates the equation from t=0 to t=1, so, in order to scale the result, just add a scale
factor to the equations as follows:
x=3*t^2 (scaling the result by 3) (Figure 2)
Or
x=(3*t)^2

Figure 1 Figure 2

The result will be as if “t” varied from zero to three. (Figure 3)

Additionally, one can displace the curve by adding a constant to the equation like:
x=1.2+3*t^2
And/or, one can change the Z position by making Z equal to a non-zero value, or even an
equation of its own. (Figure 4)

Figure 3 Figure 4

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 7 .2

(Figure 5) shows the curve generated from the following equations:
x=d1+d2*t^2
y=d0*t
z=1+d3*cos(t*400)

Figure 5

An elliptical helix can be created

(Figure 6) with the below equation:
x=4*cos(t*3*360)
y=2*sin(t*3*360)
z=5*t

Figure 6

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 7 .3

 For a spiral curve sit on a planar, the following equation is being use:
R = 50 + t * (120)
Theta = t * 360 * 5
Z=0

Figure 7

Laboratory Exercise:
Create 20 teeth involute spur gear model using following relations and parametric equation for
involute curve.
Relations:
MO=3
N=20
PHI=20
RP=MO*N/2
RB=RP*cos(PHI)
RA=RP+MO
RD=RP-(1.25*MO)
RF=0.02*RP
B=10*MO
Equation for Involute curve:
r = RB
ang = t * 90
s = (PI * r * t ) / 2
xc = r * cos(ang)
yc = r * sin(ang)
x = xc + ( s * sin(ang))
y = yc - ( s * cos(ang))
z=0

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 7 .4

 R0.6

30

SPUR GEAR
MODULE=3
NO OF TEETH=20
PRESSURE ANGLE=20
30
B.V.M. Engineering College
3ME04 - CAD
Topic Parametric curves
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Ex. No.: 8 Date:
Flexible Parts

Objective: To learn how to create flexible parts.

Theory:
A flexible component readily adapts to new, different, or changing requirements. It can be
included in an assembly in various states. A spring, for example, can have various compression
conditions in different places in an assembly. Values for flexibility are defined at the following
times: (1) Before placement (predefined) (2) During placement and (3) After placement.

Figure: The same spring, in different states of compression

The part name, geometry, and structure remain the same in both the original component and
the flexible component placed in an assembly. Varied Items that define flexibility are set for
the part. In order for the part to be flexible, the following varied items can be defined:
 Dimensions, tolerances, parameters and materials
 Suppress and resume feature states

Flexible components have the following properties:

1. The component name is the same as the original component, even if the shape or
structure is different.
2. All instances of the flexible component refer to the original model. The original model
must be present in the current session.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 8 .1

 3. Common properties are associatively shared between the original component and all
related flexible components and cannot be selected as varied items. When you modify
a common property of a flexible component, you modify the original model.
4. The creation or modification of a varied item affects the flexible instance of the
component, not the original model.
5. Varied dimensions can be associated with a measurement in the assembly.
6. Varied items can be driven by an assembly relation, program or a Family Table using
corresponding associated parameters.
7. Flexible components do not move and will lock the assembly's movement. To allow
kinematic movement, exclude flexible parts from an assembly for the duration of the
dragging operation.
To Define a Flexible Part:
You must define varied items to make a part flexible. When placing the part in an assembly,
all or some of the varied items receive values that define the flexibility of the part. Additional
varied items can be added in Assembly mode.
1. Create the part you want to make flexible.
2. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box opens.
3. Under Tools, click change in the Flexible line. The Flexibility: Prepare Varied
Items dialog box opens. Use the Flexibility: Prepare Varied Items dialog box to
define varied items for flexibility. It contains the following tabs:
 Dimensions—Defines flexibility for a part by selecting one or more dimensions.
This is the default.
 Geometric Tolerances—Defines geometric tolerances (permissible deviations
from a specified value of a structural dimension). Tolerances ensure that a
flexible component will not be flexed to the breaking point.
 Parameters—Opens the Select Parameter dialog box. Select an existing
flexibility parameter and click Insert Selected to insert into the Flexibility:
Prepare Varied Items dialog box parameter list.
 Surf Finish—Selects the surface finish of a flexible part. The surface finish
flexes along with the part and needs a flexible definition to remain intact.
 Features—Suppresses or resumes a feature in a part to make it flexible.
4. Select the applicable tab. You are prompted to select items.
5. Select an item and click to add to the Varied Item list.
6. Finish defining all Varied Items for the part and click OK.
7. To remove a varied item from the list click .
8. Click Cancel to exit the dialog box without defining varied items.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 8 .2

 5 5

2.5

0.25 THICK
10 10

5
1
0.25

1.5
2.5 1
2.5
5
7.5 SPRING
12.5
RIM
15

B.V.M. Engineering College

3ME04 - CAD
Topic Flexible Parts
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 2

2 SPRING 3
1
1 RIM 1
ITEM
NO PART NUMBER QTY

B.V.M. Engineering College

3ME04 - CAD
Topic Flexible Parts
Prepared By J R Koisha & A M Thakkar
Checked By Dr. V J Patel
 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Ex. No.: 9 Date:

Analysis of a statically loaded spring system
Objective: Calculate the displacements of a spring system shown in figure.
Problem definition:
Two trolleys are connected by the arrangement of springs shown in Figure. If k = 50 N/mm, F1 = 20 N,
and F2 = 25 N, compute the displacement of each trolley and the force in each spring.

Theory:
The system is modeled with 3-D spring elements (known as Spring-damper 14 elements). This element is
defined by two end nodes. There are options, known as keyoptions, which can be used with this element,
so that its nodes are automatically restricted to only 2-D motion in the X-Y plane, or else to only X-
direction motion.
The global X-direction is taken to be along the axis of each spring, and nodes 1 and 4 are constrained to
zero motion in all DOF. Node 2 and 3 are constrained from motion in the Y and Z directions, but not in
the X direction, which is the horizontal direction in the figure showing the system.
Procedure:
Preprocessing
Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname
Utility Menu> File> Change Title Spring system
Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete Add .. Combination ..
Spring-damper 14
Preprocessor> Real Constants> Add/Edit/Delete • no damping (CV1 and CV2 blank)
Add .. for Type 1 COMBIN14 • define the spring constant for real
constant set 1 K = 50 (k)
• define the spring constant for real
constant set 2 K = 100 (2k)

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 9.1

Preprocessor> Modeling > Create> Nodes> In Node 1 2 3 4
Active CS
X 0 1 2 3

Y 0 0 0 0

Z 0 0 0 0

Utility Menu>List > Nodes

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering Switch on Node, Element numbers
Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Create element 1 (Nodes 1 and 2) with
Elements>Auto Numbered>Thru Nodes real constant set number 1 (Default)
Preprocessor -> Modeling -> Create -> Elements Modify the “Real constant set number”
-> Elem Attributes to 2
Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Create elements 2 (Nodes 2 and 3)
Elements>Auto Numbered>Thru Nodes
Similarly create elements 3 and 4 Element 3 (Nodes 3 and 4)
Element 4 (Nodes 2 and 4)
Apply constraints and forces on the model
Solution > Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pick node 1, then pick node 4
Displacement > On Nodes
Set “ALL DOF” Value Blank
Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Node 2 FX -20
Force/Moment> On Nodes
Node 3 FX 25
Solution> Solve> Current LS
Postprocessing
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot DOF Solution > X-component of
>Nodal Solution displacement

Postprocessor>List Results>Reaction Solution Find the nodal reaction forces

General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Solution> X-Component of Displacement
DOF Solution> ALL DOFs
General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Loads Find structural force at each node
Laboratory Exercise:
Solve all the problems given in “Assignment of analysis of spring system” using the procedure describes
above. Make comparison of ANSYS result with your hand calculation in tabular format. Save your
ANSYS file for each exercise separately in “Z:\3ME04\Ex9”.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 9.2

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Ex. No.: 10 Date:

Analysis of an Axially Loaded Bar
Objective: Calculate the nodal displacements, reaction forces and stresses in an axially loaded bar as
shown in figure.

Problem definition:

The nodes are placed wherever there is a change in material properties or cross sectional area. A node is
also placed wherever there is an external force applied. A node is placed in the first cross section even
though the member does not possess a change in area or material properties. Hence, the system is divided
into three elements.
Procedure:
Preprocessing
Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname
Utility Menu> File> Change Title Axially loaded bar
Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete Add.. Link … 3D finit stn 180
Preprocessor> Sections>Link> Add/Edit Add .. for Type 1
Link Area 1 Area 15
Link Area 2 Area 24
No initial strain
Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Structural.. Linear.. Elastic.. Isotropic
Models EX = 20E6 (Modulus of elasticity)
Thermal Expansion, Instantaneous
Coefficient, isotropic, α = 11E-6
Preprocessor> Modeling > Create> Nodes> In Node 1 2 3 4
Active CS X 0 75 150 210

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 10.1

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering Switch on Node and element numbers
Preprocessor> Modeling> Create>
Elements>Auto Numbered>Thru Nodes Element 1 2 3
Node i 1 2 3
Node j 2 3 4
Preprocessor> Modeling>Move/Modify> Pick element 3 and change Real
Elements> Modify Attrib Constant Set to 2 (Area 24 cm2)
Utility menu > List > Elements > Verify the node numbers, material
Nodes+Attrib+RealConst number and real constant
Apply constraints and forces on the model
Solution > Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pick nodes 1 and 4 and apply “All
Displacement > On Nodes DOF”
Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pick Node 2 FX 10000
Force/Moment> On Nodes Pick Node 3 FX -20000
Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Set uniform temp = 10 corresponding to
Temperature> Uniform Temp a temp. rise of +10°C
Solution> Solve> Current LS
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution DOF Solution >X-component of
displacement
General Postproc >List Results>Reaction Solution Find the nodal reaction forces
Postproc>Element Table>Define Table>Add.. Define element table for element forces
and axial stresses

a. In the “User Label for item” box, type “Axial Stress”

b. In the left hand box scroll to the bottom and select “By sequence num”.
c. In the right hand box select LS.
d. Place a “1” after the comma in the Selection box in the lower right.
e. Select OK. You will return to the Element Table Data Window.
f. Close element Data Table
Postproc>Elem Table> List Elem Table Select AxStress
Postproc>Element Table>Plot Elem Table
Laboratory Exercise:
Solve the problem using the procedure describes above. Make comparison of ANSYS result with your
hand calculation in tabular format. Save your ANSYS file for exercise separately in “Z:\3ME04\Ex10”.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 10.2

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Ex. No.: 11 Date:

Stress Analysis of a Planar Truss
Objective: Compute the nodal displacement, elemental stresses and reactions.
Problem definition:

E = 210x103 N/mm2

A = 300 mm2

Procedure:

Preprocessing

Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname

Utility Menu> File> Change Title 2D Truss

Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete Add.. Link … 3D finit stn 180

Preprocessor> Section>Link> Add/Edit Add .. for Type 1

Area 300
No initial strain

Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material

Structural.. Linear.. Elastic.. Isotropic
Models
EX = 210 E3

Preprocessor> Modeling > Create> Nodes> In Active

CS
Node 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X 0 3000 6000 9000 12000 3000 6000 9000
Y 0 0 0 0 0 3000 3000 3000
Utility Menu>List > Nodes> OK

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 11.1

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering Switch on Node and Element numbers

Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements>Auto

Numbered>Thru Nodes
Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Node i 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 7
Node j 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 7 8
Apply constraints and forces on the model

Solution > Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Node 5 All DOF

Displacement > On Nodes
Node 1 UY

Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Node 2 FY -125

Force/Moment> On Nodes
Node 3 FY -100

Solution> Solve> Current LS

Postprocessing

General Postpro > Plot Results> Deformed Shape

General Postproc> List Results> Nodal Solution>

DOF Solution> ALL DOFs

Postprocessor>List Results>Reaction Solution Find the nodal reaction forces

Postproc>Element Table>Define Table>Add.. Define element table for element forces

and axial stresses
a. In the “User Label for item” box, type “Axial Stress”
b. In the left hand box scroll to the bottom and select “By sequence num”.
c. In the right hand box select LS.
d. Place a “1” after the comma in the Selection box in the lower right.
e. Select OK. You will return to the Element Table Data Window.
f. Close element Data Table
Select Axial stresses by left clicking on
Postproc>Elem Table> List Elem Table
each
Postproc>Element Table>Plot Elem Table
Laboratory Exercise:
Solve the problem using the procedure describes above. Make comparison of ANSYS result
with your hand calculation in tabular format. Save your ANSYS file for exercise separately in
“Z:\3ME04\Ex11”.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 11.2

 B.V.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, V.V.NAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3ME04: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Ex. No.: 12 Date:

One Dimensional Heat Transfer Analysis
Objective: Find the temperature distribution in a composite wall.
Theory:
One of the first applications of the finite element method to nonstructural problem was in the
area of heat transfer by conduction and convection. The solution of heat transfer problems
using the finite element method is particularly popular with individuals responsible for
analyzing thermal stress problems. Many a times the solution of heat transfer problem
becomes input to the stress analysis problem.

Problem Definition
A wall of an industrial oven consists of three different materials as shown in figure. The first
layer is composed of 5 cm of insulating cement with a clay binder that has a thermal
conductivity of 0.08 W/m K. The second layer is made from 15 cm of 6 ply asbestos board
with a thermal conductivity of 0.074W/m K. The exterior consists of 10 cm common brick
with a thermal conductivity of 0.72 W/m K. The inside wall temperature of the oven is 200°C
and the outside air is at 30°C with a convection coefficient of 40 W/m 2 K. Determine the
temperature distribution along the composite wall.

Procedure:
Utility Menu > File > Change Jobname
Utility Menu > File > Change Title Temperature Distribution in Oven
Set Preferences: Thermal analysis
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete Press: Add
Select: Thermal Link

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 12.1

 3D conduction Link 33
3D convection Link 34
Preprocessor > Real constant > Add Assign cross sectional area of wall as 1 m2
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Thermal … Conductivity… Isotropic
Models
Material model 1 KXX=0.08
Material model 2 KXX = 0.074
Material model 3 KXX = 0.72
Material model 4 Convection or film coefficient HF=40
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > nodes > Node 1 (0, 0)
On working plane
Node 2 (0.05, 0)
Node 3 (0.20, 0)
Node 4 (0.30, 0)
Create node for convection element Node 5 (0.30, 0)
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > elements > Select model attributes:
Elem Attrib

Define elements by picking nodes

Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements>
Auto Numbered> Thru Nodes

Element No. Material model Element Type Nodes Remark

1 1 Link 33 1-2 Conduction Link
2 2 Link 33 2-3 Conduction Link
3 3 Link 33 3-4 Conduction Link
4 4 Link 34 4-5 Convection Link

Utility menu > List > Elements > List the attributes and material models for each
Nodes+Attr+RealConst element.
Solution > Define Loads> Apply > Thermal> Node 1 200
Temperature > On nodes
Node 5 30
Solution > Solve > Current LS
General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution DOF Solution > Nodal Temperature.

Dr. V J Patel, J R Koisha and A M Thakkar 3ME04: CAD P a g e | 12.2