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Basic 1st 03 01 Slides PDF

1. Radiation exposure can cause both deterministic and stochastic effects on the human body. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose and include acute radiation syndromes, skin erythema, and hair loss. Stochastic effects are assumed to have no threshold and include cancer and leukemia. 2. Deterministic effects appear within weeks of high-dose acute exposure and affect rapidly dividing cells, while stochastic effects may appear months or years later. 3. The types of effects depend on factors like the amount of radiation, exposure duration, and whether exposure was to the whole body or a local area. High doses can cause acute disorders, while low chronic doses are unlikely to cause immediate harm.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views

Basic 1st 03 01 Slides PDF

1. Radiation exposure can cause both deterministic and stochastic effects on the human body. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose and include acute radiation syndromes, skin erythema, and hair loss. Stochastic effects are assumed to have no threshold and include cancer and leukemia. 2. Deterministic effects appear within weeks of high-dose acute exposure and affect rapidly dividing cells, while stochastic effects may appear months or years later. 3. The types of effects depend on factors like the amount of radiation, exposure duration, and whether exposure was to the whole body or a local area. High doses can cause acute disorders, while low chronic doses are unlikely to cause immediate harm.
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Effects on 

Human Body Types of Effects
▶ Consideration is to be given to whether any health effects arise after radiation exposure and what 
effects, if any, the amount of radiation, parts exposed to radiation (whole‐body exposure or local 
exposure), and exposure modes (acute, chronic or fractionated exposure).

Deterministic  Acute radiation 
syndromes Bone‐marrow 
effects
(with the threshold value)
disorders
Skin erythema Gastrointestinal 
Hair loss tract disorders
Acute disorders Sterility, etc
Symptoms appear within several weeks  Central nervous 
(Actively dividing cells are affected)
system disorders
Embryo‐fetal disorders
Mental retardation, 
Fetal disorders etc.

Cataract
Glaucoma
Late‐onset disorders
Stochastic  Symptoms appear after the lapse of 
several months to several years or more
effects Leukemia
(assuming that there is no  Cancer
threshold value)
Hereditary effects
Increase in incidence of ordinary 
hereditary disorders
Effects on 
Human Body Exposure Modes and Effects

High‐dose exposure
(Exposed to a large amount of radiation)
Low‐dose exposure
Acute disorders 
(Exposed to a small amount of radiation) appear when having 
Skin injury,  been exposed to a 
nausea, hair  large amount of 
loss? radiation in a short 
time.
Acute exposure
(Exposed to a large amount of radiation in a 
short time)
Chronic exposure
(Exposed to a small amount of radiation over a 
long period of time)
Effects on 
Human Body Classification of Radiation Effects
Mechanism of how 
Incubation period e.g. radiation effects 
appear
Within several  Deterministic effects 
Acute radiation 
weeks =  caused by cell deaths 
syndromes*1
Acute effects or cell 
Acute skin disease
(early effects) degeneration*2
Categories of effects

Physical  Abnormal fetal
effects development 
(malformation)
After the lapse of  Opacity of the lens
several months = 
Cancer and leukemia Stochastic effects 
Late effects
due to mutation
Hereditary 
Hereditary disorders
effects

*1: Major symptoms are vomiting within several hours after exposure, diarrhea continuing for several days to several 
weeks, decrease of the number of blood cells, bleeding, hair loss, transient male sterility, etc.
*2: Deterministic effects do not appear unless having been exposed to radiation exceeding a certain dose level.
Effects on 
Human Body Deterministic Effects and Stochastic Effects

Deterministic effects Stochastic effects
(Hair loss, cataract, skin injury, etc.) (Cancer, leukemia, hereditary effects, etc.)

When a number of people were exposed to the same  Effects of radiation exposure under certain doses are not 
dose of radiation and certain symptoms appear in 1%  clear because effects of other cancer‐promoting factors 
of them, said dose is considered to be the threshold  such as smoking and drinking habits are too large. 
dose.  However, the ICRP specifies the standards for 
(2007 Recommendations of the International  radiological protection for such low‐dose exposures, 
Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)) assuming that they may have some effects as well.

Assuming that effects would 
Incidence of effects

Incidence of effects
appear depending on dose 
levels
No effects
Spontaneous 
incidence

0 0
Dose Assuming that there is  Dose
Threshold dose no threshold dose

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