Basic 1st 03 01 Slides PDF
Basic 1st 03 01 Slides PDF
Human Body Types of Effects
▶ Consideration is to be given to whether any health effects arise after radiation exposure and what
effects, if any, the amount of radiation, parts exposed to radiation (whole‐body exposure or local
exposure), and exposure modes (acute, chronic or fractionated exposure).
Deterministic Acute radiation
syndromes Bone‐marrow
effects
(with the threshold value)
disorders
Skin erythema Gastrointestinal
Hair loss tract disorders
Acute disorders Sterility, etc
Symptoms appear within several weeks Central nervous
(Actively dividing cells are affected)
system disorders
Embryo‐fetal disorders
Mental retardation,
Fetal disorders etc.
Cataract
Glaucoma
Late‐onset disorders
Stochastic Symptoms appear after the lapse of
several months to several years or more
effects Leukemia
(assuming that there is no Cancer
threshold value)
Hereditary effects
Increase in incidence of ordinary
hereditary disorders
Effects on
Human Body Exposure Modes and Effects
High‐dose exposure
(Exposed to a large amount of radiation)
Low‐dose exposure
Acute disorders
(Exposed to a small amount of radiation) appear when having
Skin injury, been exposed to a
nausea, hair large amount of
loss? radiation in a short
time.
Acute exposure
(Exposed to a large amount of radiation in a
short time)
Chronic exposure
(Exposed to a small amount of radiation over a
long period of time)
Effects on
Human Body Classification of Radiation Effects
Mechanism of how
Incubation period e.g. radiation effects
appear
Within several Deterministic effects
Acute radiation
weeks = caused by cell deaths
syndromes*1
Acute effects or cell
Acute skin disease
(early effects) degeneration*2
Categories of effects
Physical Abnormal fetal
effects development
(malformation)
After the lapse of Opacity of the lens
several months =
Cancer and leukemia Stochastic effects
Late effects
due to mutation
Hereditary
Hereditary disorders
effects
*1: Major symptoms are vomiting within several hours after exposure, diarrhea continuing for several days to several
weeks, decrease of the number of blood cells, bleeding, hair loss, transient male sterility, etc.
*2: Deterministic effects do not appear unless having been exposed to radiation exceeding a certain dose level.
Effects on
Human Body Deterministic Effects and Stochastic Effects
Deterministic effects Stochastic effects
(Hair loss, cataract, skin injury, etc.) (Cancer, leukemia, hereditary effects, etc.)
When a number of people were exposed to the same Effects of radiation exposure under certain doses are not
dose of radiation and certain symptoms appear in 1% clear because effects of other cancer‐promoting factors
of them, said dose is considered to be the threshold such as smoking and drinking habits are too large.
dose. However, the ICRP specifies the standards for
(2007 Recommendations of the International radiological protection for such low‐dose exposures,
Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)) assuming that they may have some effects as well.
Assuming that effects would
Incidence of effects
Incidence of effects
appear depending on dose
levels
No effects
Spontaneous
incidence
0 0
Dose Assuming that there is Dose
Threshold dose no threshold dose