Hatud, Jewls M.

201510095
BIOCHEM M/2:00-5:00PM

[Problem #1]

Given:
Time (h), Cell Substrate ln (x/xo),
y concentration concentration x
(kg/ m3) (kg/ m3)
0.0 0.20 25.0 ln (0.20/0.20)
0.33 0.21 24.8 ln (0.21/0.20)
0.5 0.22 24.8 ln (0.22/0.20)
0.75 0.32 24.6 ln (0.32/0.20)
1.0 0.47 24.3 ln (0.47/0.20)
1.5 1.00 23.3 ln (1/0.20)
2.0 2.10 20.7 ln (2.10/0.20)
2.5 4.42 15.7 ln (4.42/0.20)
2.8 6.90 10.2 ln (6.9/0.20)
3.0 9.40 5.2 ln (9.4/0.20)
3.1 10.9 1.65 ln (10.9/0.20)
3.2 11.6 0.2 ln (11.6/0.20)
3.5 11.7 0.0 ln (11.7/0.20)
3.7 11.6 0.0 ln (11.6/0.20)
Required:

a. Maximum growth rate (μ𝑚 )

b. Yield on substrate (𝑌𝑥/𝑠 )
c. Mass doubling time ((𝑡𝑑 )
d. Saturation constant (𝐾𝑠 )

Solution:

ln (x/xo) vs. t
4

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
 Δx −11.6−0.20 ln(2) ln(2)
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑌𝑥/𝑠 = Δs = = 0.456 𝑡𝑑 = μ𝑚
= .7465 = 0.9285
0−25.0

b = 0.7465 = μ𝑚
𝑔 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠
𝐵. 𝑌𝑥/𝑠 = 0.456 𝑔 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶. 𝑡𝑑 = 0.9285
A. μ𝑚 = 0.7465

𝐾𝑠 = S @ μ = ½ μ𝑚

μ = ½ (0.7465) = 0.37325 =
μ𝑚 (𝑆)
 0.37325 =
.7465 (𝐾𝑠 )
 𝐷. 𝐾𝑠 = 1𝑥10−5
𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑠 𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑠

[Problem #2]

Given:

Flowrate Dilution Substrate 1/D, S/D, 𝑌𝑥/𝑠 1/𝑌𝑥/𝑠 ,

(L/h) Rate (S), X2 Y1 Y2
(D) X1
1.0 0.50 0.010 2 0.020 0.315 3.175
1.4 0.70 0.038 1.43 0.054 0.323 3.096
1.6 0.80 0.071 1.25 0.089 0.329 3.040
1.7 0.85 0.066 1.18 0.078 0.328 3.049
1.8 0.90 0.095 1.11 0.106 0.324 3.086
1.9 0.95 0.477 1.05 0.502 0.326 3.067

Required:

A. The maintenance coefficient (𝑚𝑠 ) and the true biomass yield of the culture (𝑌𝑥/𝑠 )
B. The maximum specific growth rate (μ𝑚 ) and the substrate constant (𝐾𝑠 )

Solution:

S vs. S/D 1/D vs. 1/Yxs

0.6 3.2
0.5
3.15
0.4
0.3 3.1
0.2
3.05
0.1
0 3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Using the 1/D vs. 1/𝑌𝑥/𝑠 graph Using the S vs. S/D graph

𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
a = 2.921879816 = 1/𝑌𝑥/𝑠 a = 0.0118961006 = 𝐾𝑠 /μ𝑚

b = 0.1224091156 = 𝑚𝑠 b = 1.027243588 = 1/μ𝑚

𝑔 0.9735
𝑚𝑠 = 0.1224 μ𝑚 =
𝑔−ℎ ℎ
𝑔 𝑔
𝑌𝑥/𝑠 = 0.3422 𝐾𝑠 = 0.0116
𝑔 𝐿

[Problem #3]

Given:

𝑌𝑥/𝑠 = 0.4 𝑔/𝑔 𝐾𝑠 = 0.2 𝑔/𝐿 𝑆0 = 10 𝑔/𝐿

μ𝑚 = 0.7/ℎ α = 0.2 g/g F = 15 L/h

𝑌𝑃/𝑠 = 0.8 𝑔/𝑔 β = 0.3 g/g-h V = 500 L

Required:

A. The steady substrate balance, cell balance, and product balance.

B. The effluent substrate concentration of the chemostat
C. The effluent cell concentration of the chemostat
D. The productivity of the chemostat for product
E. The washout flowrate of the reactor if the volume is kept constant

Solution:

A. Cell balance:
μ𝑚 𝑆
0 = -FX + μXV  DX = μX  0 = −𝐹𝑋 + 𝑆+ 𝐾𝑠

Substrate balance:

0 = 𝐹 (𝑆0 − 𝑆) + 𝑟𝑠 𝑉
μ 𝑆
μ𝑚 𝑆 α(𝑆+𝑚𝐾 )𝑋+ βX
𝑠
0 = 𝐹 (𝑆0 − 𝑆) − 𝑉( 𝑋+ )
𝑌𝑥 (𝑆+ 𝐾𝑠) 𝑌𝑃/𝑠
𝑠

Product balance:

0 = −𝐹𝑃 + 𝑟𝑃 𝑉 or 0 = −𝐹𝑃 + ( αμX + βX)V

 μ𝑚 𝑆
0 = −𝐹𝑃 + 𝑉( α 𝑋 + βX )
(𝑆+ 𝐾𝑠)

B. Effluent substrate concentration

μ𝑚 𝑆
0 = −𝐹𝑋 + 𝑆+ 𝐾𝑠
𝑋𝑉

𝐹 15
𝐹 μ 𝑆 𝐹 𝐾 (0.2)
𝑉 𝑠
= 𝑚  (𝑆 + 𝐾𝑠 ) = μ𝑚 𝑆  𝑆 = 𝐹 = 500
15 = 9𝑥10−3
𝑉 𝑆+ 𝐾 𝑠 𝑉 (μ𝑚− ) (0.7− )
𝑉 500

𝑔
𝑆 = 9𝑥10−3
𝐿

C. Effluent cell concentration of the chemostat

𝐹 (𝑆0 − 𝑆) 15(10 − 9𝑥10−3 )
𝑋= =
μ𝑚 𝑆 0.7𝑥9𝑥10−3
μ 𝑆 α ( 𝑆 + 𝐾𝑠 ) 𝑋 + β 0.7𝑥9𝑥10−3 0.2 ( ) + 0.3
9𝑥10−3 𝑥0.2
𝑉( 𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑌𝑃 ) 500 ( + 0.8 )
𝑌 (𝑆 + 𝐾𝑠) 0.4(9𝑥10−3 + 0.2)
𝑠 𝑠

𝑔
𝑋 = 0.655
𝐿

D. The productivity of the chemostat for product

μ𝑚 𝑆 0.7𝑥9𝑥10−3
Productivity = 𝑌𝑃 μ = 𝑌𝑃 = (0.8) 9𝑥10−3 +0.2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑆+ 𝐾𝑠

𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 0.024
𝑔 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − ℎ𝑟

E. The washout flowrate of the reactor if the volume is kept constant

𝐹 μ 𝑆 0.7(10)
= 𝑆+𝑚𝐾  𝐹= 10+0.2 (500)
𝑉 𝑠

𝐿
𝐹 = 343
ℎ𝑟
[Problem #4]

In ten sentences or less, concisely describe the effect of at least two environmental factors (e.g.
pH, temperature, etc.) to the kinetics of cell growth.

 The two environmental factors that affect the kinetics of cell growth are substrate inhibition and
temperature. For the temperature, the growth rate decreases and thermal death is possible to
occur when the optimal temperature is reached. Temperature can also affect the product
formation, although temperature for cell growth and product formation may differ with each
other. On the other hand, substrate inhibition means that the velocity curve of a reaction rises to
a maximum as substrate concentration, increases and then descends either to zero or to a non-
zero asymptote.