COMPOUND CURVES ‘A compound curve consists of the two or more simple curves, which dius, lie on the same side a continuous arc, jpstacte comas in the way of a ‘curve should pass through ‘are provided thus the 9 of highway and railroad ‘centerline to difficult tapographic conditions, Since their tangent lengths vary, compound curves fit the topography much better than simple curves. These curves. easily adapt 0 mountainous terrain or areas cut by ‘compound curves are more hazat curves should be used only where a simple curve cannot satisty alignment conditionsInthe figure [AV and VB are two tangents to the compound curve. [ACB is the compound curve consisting of AG and CB. Lis the deflection formed by the two tangents at the point of intersection. Ris the radius of curve AC. Rais the radius of curve CB. D=V; and = V2 are the points of intersection of the tangents of the respective curves. AD =DC=T 4( Tangents to curve AC) CE=EB=T2 (Tangents to the curve CB ) DE=T ,#T2=T ( common tangents to the curves @ pt C:) © =PCC (Point of Compound Curvature ) |, and lz are the angles of deflection of the corresponding curves. 1 = h +b ( An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior angies, and VED = Ip being a vertical angle) IFAC is the larger of the 2 curves, then AV = Ts (tong tangent ) weer acer Tete ov G «2h teeth +VE =m ‘AB Is the long chord of the compound curve. AB = Te 4+ TH 2 (Ts are AG = Le, = 1, (T.) cos DVE 201, are CB= Le, = 1,8, ==> DySAMPLE PROBLEM: Given a compound curve connecting two tangents whose forward directions are N 67° 56'E and S79'42'E, respectively. If Dy = 4° 00' and Dp = 800", solve forall other elements of the curve, Let G = 20.00m, ly = 20° 40" and sia. V= 3 + 040.652. = 180~ (Bav * Bov) = 180 — (67° 56' + 79° 42!) Solution: Ty= 11,2 22°22-20°40'= 11°42" Are basis 20 20 20 Re apy DA Hao) “he0) DA Hen1.28 tan 2 =191.07108 957m re 4) assaf cos 2080) 4.67 My = alt -extt}= 191 oft pest). 0.955m 6, =2h sin f= 28654) sin 20°40" = 28, sn B=209L.07) sin u Le =1R= marge = 103.335 aoe bp epes226 19877 LDVE = 180" 1 = 180°-32°22!= 47°38 DY ve _ ns ‘in 1°42 Sin 20°40 sin 147598" DY =27.206m VE =41.350m AV 21, =T, + DV = 52.245427.206 AV =79.451m VB=T, =VB+T, = 47360419577AB = 13 41,2 ~20gl,o0sZDVE AB = 79.457 + 66927 ~2(79.451)(66.92T)c0s147°38 AB =140.62im Sta Vo = 3+040.652 Toe - 79.451 Sta PC = 24+961.201 Le, = + 103:333 Sta PCC = 3 +064,534 Le = — +39,000 Sta PT = 34103534 Ci = _firstfull station on curve 1 - sta PC = 2+980-2+ 961.201 cs 48.709 c Sta PCC — last fll station on curve 1 3 + 064.534 — 3+060.000 4.534m 39 dy = 28in “1 Cy / 2Ry= Qsin*———__ = 3°4535' a 2 2(286.538) a 4534 a= 2 sin“ Ca/2Ry = 2sin 454 oes colar 2(286.538) Cy = firatfl station on curve 2— sta PCC = 3+080,000~ 3 + 064.534 = 18.466m cr ‘Sta PT last full station on curve 2 3+ 103,534 ~3 + 100.000 3.534m 15.466 i= 2 sin“ C/ 2Ra= 2sin™ = 493820" ay = 2 9in* 1 2Re= Bsn TS a3 de=2 sin“ Co/ 2Ro= 2s! 94 -r-0995" 2091.07)PROBLEM: 1. Along chord from the PC to PT of a compound curve is 180 m long and the angie it) respectively. ‘common tangent will be parallel to the long chord. kes with the longer and shorter tangents are 12° and 18° ind the difference in radius of the compound curve if the4 G=2R sink = 1 2 sin 108.79 = 22, sin’ Ri = 520.38 6-2 sin Tato. Teen =2R, sia” 2 Re=232.37 m AR=[R, B= {520.38 -232.37]=288.01 2. A village in Mindoro isto be protected by a floodwall and should start at 304 forming two consecutive simple curves ending at Sta ‘lO + int V on the opposite bank of the river, the azimuth of lines tangents to the PC and PT were taken to be 60° and 205° respectively ‘The degree of the frst curve is 4° and that of the second curve is 5°. Compute the stationing of PCC. 1 55°=1¢4l2 2Di=4" Dp =5° 1 = 295° - 180° - 60° T= 55° Length of curve = Ley + Lez = (10 + 844) ~ (10+ 304) = 240m Le= Ley Ler= 48,418, 201, , 20% 2h, Rk aon = 224, 2h, os lem 5; +4 1a = 240° 5h +4 (55-1) = 240" 5h + (4) (65)—4 = 240° h=65—h, 1, = 240° - 220° Sta, POC = Sta. V+ Le; =(10+304) + 100m Sta, PCC= 10+ 404 25 3. A compound curve connects three tangents having azimuths of 245°, 270° ‘and 280° respectively. The length of the long chord is 320 long measured from the PC to the PT of the curve and Is parallel to the common tangent having an azimth of 270%. I the stationing ofthe PT is YO + 820, determine the stationing of the PC. Solution: xy 30 Sin5 ind Sno x= 123,982m y= 197.978 m 2eee G=2R sin 123.392m= 28 sin Ry 445.424 Dy = 2 sin ©, =2R sin 197.978m=2R, s Re=1135.771 m | 4a5.424=124,386m Le =1R 0 Iy=IR '35.771m =198.230m StaPC = Sta PT—Le) —Lo = (6 +520) — 124.386 — 198.230 Sta, PC = 6 + 197.384 4, A-compound curve Ieid on their tangents has the following data shown below. Without chang of two tangents It is required to change this compound with a fend at the same point. Find the radius of the new curve and 6+ 425.82, 23haw Das 1736 . D-s Ph=A Peotthe ef ‘Simple curve ~ Peofthe -— "| ‘Compound curve | ~~ Compound curve Simple curve Cnt comps aie frcban, em noes” my aie r= Rim at oie 14250 1 Ralp aa ten Sm CP 27, 40, = 142547447 = 148.12 4B vB AV. I80-T” aah” ah \48.72m__VB___ AV ‘siin2> sin 22° Sin 36° VB = 65.69m AV =103.08 m awStaV = Sta Piy+ AV ‘Sta V = ( 6425.82) + 103.08 =6 4528.9 2+ VB = 74.47 + 65.69 40.16 m Ta I+, = 229436" = 58" T= Run oy ey = 252.86 Sta PC ofthe simple curve = StaV-T =6+528.9-140.16 =6+388.74 REVERSE CURVE ‘A reverse curve consists of two or more simple curve which have different centers turing in opposite direction. ints of intersection (vertex) lle on ‘opposite ends of a common tangent. The P.T of the first curve is coincident with the P.C of the second. This point is called the point of reverse curvature, Reverse curve are useful when laying out pipelines, flumes, and levees. The surveyor may also use them on low-speed roads and railroads. They cannot be use on high-speed roads or raliroads since they cannot be properly super elevated at the P.R.C. They are sometimes use on canals, but only with extreme ‘caution, since they make the canal difficult to navigate and contribute erosion. REVERSE CURVE PROBLEMS: | REVERSE CURVE WITH PARALLEL TANGENTS. Example: ‘The perpendicular distance between paral 35m. The back tangent has an azimuth of 270° while the common tangent is 300°. If the radius of the first curve is 160m, determine the radius of the 2% curve. tangents of the reverse curve is ae38 in 30% 35 2 Teh 14T,=10m tan = 1601003094 27 4 T= 42.87m Te 70 -42.87 =27.13m Ju ef = = Rn Ry t74 21.9 Ro= 101.24 m I REVERSE CURVE WITH DIVERGING TANGENTS. “The common tangent BC of a reverse curve is 280.5m and has a bearing of 847° 31°E. AB is the tangent of the first curve whose bearing is N72" 45'E. CD is fa tangent of the second curve whose bearing is N38*13'E. A is at the PC while D is at the PT. The radius of the first curve is 180m and its PI is at the station 12 + 523.37. Find the stationing of PT.b= 180-38°19"-47° 31° =94 16" Sta PT = Sta PC + Ley + Lop A soras = Rtan Zt 1800 T= Rien = atten Ty=103.37 m But 1) +T2=280.5m T=280.5- 103.37 m= 177.43 oe R, =16441m Sta PO= 12+ 623.37-T; Sta PC= 12 + 523.97 - 103.37 Sta PC = 12+ 420 50°" 44’ (x / 180) (180) = 187.66m‘Sta PT = 12 + 420 +(Lcy = 187.66) + (Lea = 270.50) Sta PT =12+878.16 Ill, REVERSE CURVE WITH CONVERGING TANGENTS Example: A reverse curve connects two converging tangents that intersect an angle of 30°, The distance intersection from the PI of the Second curve is 150 m. The deflection angle of the common tangent from back tangent is 20° and the degree of the 2” curve is 6°. Find the degree of the first curve. 150m 147, ‘sin 20° sin 30° T+, = 219.28 20 Re = 190.99 Eas) n-Rinlf 190908Te= 69.06m Ty= 219.28 ~ (Tz = 89.06 m) Ty= 130.22 m from Ty = Ri tan 12 7 _ 13022 wan 29Z tan 20°F Ry= 738.614 m R= 20=DeR Da, Be FBS1sm™ IE Dy= 1.55"