Site Investigation

PT PRIMA LAYANAN NASIONAL ENJINIRING

Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

CHAPTER 4. RESULT OF SITE INVESTIGATION

4.1. Geotechnical Drilling

4.1.1. Drilling Position

Drilling in this project was done on Belitung CFSPP 2x15 MW Area. Overview of
drilling position can be seen in Figure 4.1 and the coordinates of each drilling hole
can be seen in Table 4.1.

Figure 4.1. Drilling Position

One drilling point located in offshore area (BH01), while the other, BH02, BH03, and
BH04 located in onshore area.

Table 4.1. Coordinates of Drilling Hole

WGS 1984 UTM Zone 49 S

Point
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (MSL)
BH01 184595.552 9704464.222 -4.628
BH02 183315.809 9703274.492 0.371

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

BH03 183261.983 9703249.368 0.414

BH04 183440.063 9703419.611 0.142

4.1.2. Drilling Result

Drilling result of investigated area are presented in table below:
Table 4.2. Results of BH01
Thicknes
No Depth (m) Soil Description
s (m)
SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)
1. 0.00 – 1.00 1.00 (SC-SM) (0.00-1.00) loose, wet, gray, fine grained sand
containing clays and silt and broken shells

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

2 1.00 – 6.50 5.50 (SP-SC) (1.00-6.50) loose until rather dense, wet to moist, black,
fine-grained to medium sand containing silt and a little clay

SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)

(SC-SM) (6.50-8.00) medium dense to dense, moist, dark gray
3 6.50 – 8.00 1.50
to black, fine grained to coarse sand, containing clay and silt and
limestone fragments

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)

4 8.00 – 8.50 0.50
(SP) (8.00-8.50) very solid, dry, white, limestone

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

8.50 –
5 1.50 (SP-SC) (8.50-10.00) very solid, moist, very dark gray, clay
10.00
sand, containing limestone and broken shells

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)

 (SP) (10.00-13.00) very solid, dry, light gray, sandstone
10.00 –
6 5.00 containing lime
15.00
 (SP) (13.00-15.00) very solid, moist, light gray, coarse
grained sand, containing limestone

WELL GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM)

15.00 –
7 5.50 (SW-SM) (15.00-20.50) very solid, moist, gray, fine to coarse
20.50
grained sand, containing broken shells

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

20.50 –
8 9.50 (SW) (20.50-31.00) very solid, moist, light gray, fine to coarse
31.00
grained sand

Table 4.3. Result of BH02

Thickness
No Depth (m) Soil Description
(m)
1. 2.00
POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)
0.00 – 2.00
(SP) (0.00-2.00) moist, loose, light yellowish brown, fine-

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

grained sand

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

2. 2.00 – 2.50 0.50 (SW) (2.00-2.50) wet, very loose, brownish yellow, fine to
coarse grained sand

SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)

 (SC-SM) (2.50-6.50) wet, loose, reddish white, fine to
coarse grained sand, contains clay and silt and a little
3. 2.50 – 8.50 6.00
gravel
 (SC-SM) (6.50-8.50) wet, loose, yellow, sand contains a
mixture of clay, silt and a little gravel

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

 (SP-SC) (8.50-10.00) moist, loose, very pale brown,
4. 8.50 – 12.00 3.50 sand mixed with clay and gravel

 (SP-SC) (10.00-12.00) moist, rather solid, yellow, clay

sand contains little gravel

SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)

 (SC-SM) (12.00-15.00) wet, rather solid, reddish brown,
sand contains clay, silt and a little gravel
5 12.00 – 17.00 5.00  (SC-SM) (15.00-16.00) moist, rather solid, pale brown,
sand contains clay, silt and a little gravel
 (SC-SM) (16.00-17.00) moist, rather solid, yellowish
dark brown, sand contains clay, silt and a little gravel

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

6 17.00 – 19.00 2.00
(SP-SC) (17.00-19.00) moist, solid, yellow, clay sand

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

7 19.00 – 21.00 2.00
(SW) (19.00-21.00) moist, rather solid, pale brown, fine to
coarse grained sand
POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)
 (SP-SC) (21.00-23.00) moist, solid, light yellowish
8 21.00 – 25.00 4.00 brown, clay sand
 (SP-SC) (23.00-25.00) moist, solid to very solid, old
olive, clay sand
POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)
 (SP) (25.00-25.50) moist, very solid, light gray, fine to
9 25.00 – 31.00 6.00
medium grained sand
 (SP) (25.50-31.00) moist, very solid, very pale brown,
fine to medium grained sand
Table 4.4. Result of BH03

N Thickness
Depth (m) Soil Description
o (m)
1. 7.00
WELL GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SW-SC)
0.00 – 7.00
 (SW-SC) (0.00-3.00) wet, loose, brownish yellow, fine to

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

coarse grained sand, containing a little clay

 (SW-SC) (3.00-7.00) wet, loose, very pale brown, fine to

coarse grained sand, contains a little clay and silt and
broken shells

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

2. 7.00 – 11.00 4.00 (SW) (7.00-11.00) moist, very solid, yellow, fine to coarse
grained sand, contains a little gravel

SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)

3. 11.00 – 15.00 4.00 (SC-SM) (11.00-15.00) moist, solid to very solid, light red to
red, fine to coarse grained sand, contains clay, silt and
limestone

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

 (SW) (15.00-16.00) moist, very solid, reddish yellow,
fine to coarse grained sand

 (SW) (16.00-20.50) wet, very solid, pinkish white, fine to

4. 15.00 – 25.50 10.50
coarse grained sand

 (SW) (20.50-25.50) moist, very solid, reddish yellow,

fine to coarse grained sand, contains gravel and
limestone

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)

5 25.50 – 31.00 5.50 (SP) (25.50-31.00) moist, very solid, pinkish white, coarse
grained sand, contains broken shells

Table 4.5. Result of BH04

N Thicknes
Depth (m) Soil Description
o s (m)
1. 4.50
SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)
0.00 – 4.50
 (SC-SM) (0.00-1.00) moist, loose, grayish brown, sand
contains clay, silt and broken shells

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PT PRIMA LAYANAN NASIONAL ENJINIRING
Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

 (SC-SM) (1.00-4.50) moist, loose, white, sand contains

clay, silt and broken shells

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

 (SP-SC) (4.50-6.00) moist, rather solid, pinkish white,
2 4.50 – 7.00 2.50 clay sand
 (SP-SC) (6.00-7.00) moist, solid, yellowish red, clay
sand

LEAN CLAY (CL)

3 7.00 – 8.00 1.00 (CL) (7.00-8.00) moist, very stiff, reddish yellow, Low
plasticity sandy clay

POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SP-SC)

4 8.00 – 10.50 2.50 (SP-SC) (8.00-10.50) moist, very solid, brownish yellow,
clay sand

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

5 10.50 – 12.00 1.50 (SW) (20.50-31.00) moist, very solid, reddish yellow, fine
to coarse grained sand mixed with gravel

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)

 (SP) (12.00-12.50) moist, very solid, light brownish
6 12.00 – 16.00 4.00 gray, tuff sand
 (SP) (12.50-16.00) moist, very solid, very pale brown,
Tuffaceous sandstone

WELL GRADED SAND WITH CLAY (SW-SC)

7 16.00 – 17.00 1.00 (SW-SC) (16.00-17.00) moist, very solid, very pale yellow,
fine to coarse grained sand, containing clay

SILTY CLAY (CL-ML)

8 17.00 – 18.00 1.00 (SW) (17.00-18.00) moist, solid, pale yellow, clay mixed
with fine grained sand

POORLY GRADED SAND (SP)

9 18.00 – 20.00 2.00 (SP) (18.00-20.00) moist, very solid, yellowish dark brown,
Tuffaceous sandstone

WELL GRADED SAND (SW)

 (SW) (20.00-20.50) moist, very solid, reddish yellow,
fine to coarse grained, contains broken shells
10 20.00 – 31.00 11.00  (SW) (20.50-25.00) moist, very solid, pinkish gray, fine
to coarse grained, contains broken shells
 (SW) (20.00-20.50) moist, very solid, very pale brown,
fine to coarse grained, contains broken shells

For a more complete of field data, the ground water level each drill point and testing
SPT values presented in drilling log which can be seen in the Appendix.

4.1.3. SPT Result

Based on the results of Standard Penetration Test (SPT), the relative density of soil
layer as follow:
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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

1. The level of relative density of sand layer can be determined as follow:

N : 0–4 : Very Loose

N : 4 – 10 : Loose
N : 10 – 30 : Firm
N : 30 – 50 : Dense
N : > 50 : Very Dense

2. Level relative density of the clay layer can be determined as follow :

N : 0 – 2 : Very Soft
N : 2 – 4 : Soft
N : 4 –8 : Firm
N : 8 – 15 : Stiff
N : 15 – 30 : Very Stiff
N : 30 – 60 : Hard
N : > 60 : Very Hard

Results of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) with intervals of 2 m for each drilling hole
are presented in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6. Value of Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

Depth SPT Value

(m) BH01 BH02 BH03 BH04
2 4 3 8 17
4 14 4 12 27
6 22 7 30 38
8 60 9 60 60
10.55 60 13 60 60
12 60 12 60 60
14 60 13 60 60
16 60 32 68 60
18 60 36 60 60
20.55 60 14 60 60
22 60 46 60 60
24 60 60 60 60
26 60 60 60 60
28 60 60 60 60
30.55 60 60 60 60

4.1.4. SPT Value Correction

SPT value correction performed to obtain the level of accuracy in foundation
calculation. Correlation formula used is in accordance with the formula that has been
discussed above. SPT correction values are presented as follow:

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PT PRIMA LAYANAN NASIONAL ENJINIRING
Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

Corrected SPT - BH-01 Belitung

Kedalaman SPT N60 Cn C N1(60)
2 4 4 1.57 0.9 6
4 14 13 1.34 0.95 17
6 22 24 1.2 1.08 29
8 60 68 1.09 1.13 74
10.55 60 70 0.98 1.17 69
12 60 71 0.94 1.18 67
14 60 71 0.88 1.19 62
16 60 72 0.83 1.19 60
18 60 72 0.8 1.2 58
20.55 60 72 0.75 1.2 54
22 60 72 0.73 1.2 53
24 60 72 0.7 1.2 50
26 60 72 0.68 1.2 49
28 60 72 0.65 1.21 47
30.55 60 72 0.64 1.21 46

Figure 4.2. SPT Value Correction of BH01

Corrected SPT - BH-02 Belitung

Kedalaman SPT N60 Cn C N1(60)
2 3 3 1.39 0.9 4
4 4 4 1.18 0.95 5
6 7 8 1.07 1.08 9
8 9 10 1.02 1.13 10
10.55 13 15 0.95 1.17 14
12 12 14 0.9 1.18 13
14 13 15 0.84 1.19 13
16 32 38 0.79 1.19 30
18 36 43 0.75 1.2 32
20.55 14 17 0.7 1.2 12
22 46 55 0.68 1.2 37
24 60 72 0.66 1.2 48
26 60 72 0.64 1.2 46
28 60 72 0.62 1.21 45
30.55 60 72 0.6 1.21 43

Figure 4.3. SPT Value Correction of BH02

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PT PRIMA LAYANAN NASIONAL ENJINIRING
Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

Corrected SPT - BH-03 Belitung

Kedalaman SPT N60 Cn C N1(60)
2 8 7 1.39 0.9 10
4 12 11 1.19 0.95 13
6 30 32 1.07 1.08 34
8 60 68 1 1.13 68
10.55 60 70 0.92 1.17 64
12 60 71 0.88 1.18 62
14 60 71 0.83 1.19 59
16 68 81 0.79 1.19 64
18 60 72 0.75 1.2 54
20.55 60 72 0.7 1.2 50
22 60 72 0.68 1.2 49
24 60 72 0.66 1.2 48
26 60 72 0.64 1.2 46
28 60 72 0.62 1.21 45
30.55 60 72 0.6 1.21 43

Figure 4.4. SPT Value Correction of BH03

Corrected SPT - BH-04 Belitung

Kedalaman SPT N60 Cn C N1(60)
2 17 15 1.43 0.9 21
4 27 26 1.22 0.95 32
6 38 41 1.08 1.08 44
8 60 68 0.98 1.13 67
10.55 60 70 0.89 1.17 62
12 60 71 0.85 1.18 60
14 60 71 0.81 1.19 58
16 60 72 0.77 1.19 55
18 60 72 0.73 1.2 53
20.55 60 72 0.68 1.2 49
22 60 72 0.66 1.2 48
24 60 72 0.64 1.2 46
26 60 72 0.62 1.2 45
28 60 72 0.6 1.21 43
30.55 60 72 0.59 1.21 42

Figure 4.5. SPT Value Correction of BH04

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PT PRIMA LAYANAN NASIONAL ENJINIRING
Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

4.2. Dutch Cone Penetration Test (DCPT)

4.2.1. DCPT Position

Overview of DCPT position can be seen in Figure 4.6 and the coordinates of each
DCPT point can be seen in Table 4.7.

Figure 4.6. DCPT Plotting Position

Table 4.7. Coordinates of DCPT Point

WGS 1984 UTM Zone 49 S

Point
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (MSL)
SD01 183187.263 9703144.24 1.231
SD02 183341.32 9703356.086 0.512
SD03 183361.332 9703344.274 0.322
SD04 183229.473 9703088.745 3.107

4.2.2. Result of DCPT

Gauge data readings of CPT equipment were end resistance/cone resistance with
CR expressed in kg/cm2 and total resistance expressed in kg/cm2. Skin friction with
the symbol of SF expressed in kg/cm and total skin friction with the symbol of TSF
expressed in kg/cm. The values were then calculated and further illustrated in the

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

form of CPT graph describing the relationship of cone resistance vs depth and total
skin friction vs depth.

Based on the cone resistance (CR) results, the relative density of soil layer can be
determined as follow:

CR (kg/cm2): 0-16 Very loose

CR (kg/cm2): 16-40 Loose

CR (kg/cm2): 40-120 Medium

CR (kg/cm2): 120-200 Dense

CR (kg/cm2) > 200 Very Dense

Results of cone penetration test from point of SD01 to SD04 which generate the
value of Cone Resistance (CR) and Total Skin Friction (TSF) are shown in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8. Results of DCPT

DCPT Cone Total Skin

Depth Relative
Point Resistance / CR Friction (TSF)
Density
s (m) (Kg / cm2) (Kg / cm)
SD01 5.40 250 868 Very Dense
SD02 6.00 250 1216 Very Dense
SD03 5.40 250 976 Very Dense
SD04 6.80 250 1220 Very Dense

From table above, can be concluded that relative density on the depth each point are
very dense.

4.3. Foundation Analysis

4.3.1. Pile Foundation Calculation Based on DCPT Correlation

Based on the analysis of shallow foundation based on the DCPT data can be
obtained sondir shallow foundation bearing capacity as follow :

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

Table 4.9. Allowable Capacity of Shallow Foundations from DCPT Data

Depth DDT Settlement

Point Depth (m)
Foundation (m) (ton/m2) (mm)
SD01 5.40 1 10 10.97
SD02 6.00 1 10 11.26
SD03 5.40 1 10 10.33
SD04 6.80 1 10 9.94

For a detailed analysis of the foundation using DPCT data can be seen in the
Appendix.

4.3.2. Bearing Capacity for Deep Foundation Based on SPT and Laboratory Test Data
Based on drilling, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and laboratory test, pile allowable
axial, uplift, and lateral capacity can be seen on tables below:

Table 4.10. Analysis Result of Pile Allowable Axial Bearing Capacity

Depth Steel Pile (kN)

Points
(m) Dia 40 cm Dia 60 cm Dia 80 cm
2 3.25 9.05 45.88
4 11.68 48 69.71
6 45.44 75.09 111.52
BH01
8 68.5 115.29 169.92
10 441.51 687.26 933.09
12 462.76 744.28 1013.16
Depth Spun Pile (kN)
Points
(m) Dia 40 cm Dia 50 cm Dia 60 cm
5 64.04 99.76 143.93
10 187.82 331.64 499.25
15 392.86 618.34 911.13
BH02
20 446.74 796.27 1316.96
25 646.16 1140.54 1826.76
28 699.17 1224.52 1948.19
2 35.47 53.61 75.46
4 87.04 129.96 181.36
6 279.97 424.11 597.89
BH03
8 544.82 826.25 1165.75
10 591.59 1115.48 1578.36
12 637.31 1190.08 1988.89
BH04 2 94.4 145.5 207.59

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

4 188.85 287.79 407.41

6 294.03 443.58 623.53
8 598.92 910.69 1280.3
10 648.12 1195.4 1682.8
12 699.64 1278.8 2104.5
14 856.66 1238.8 1654.8

Table 4.11. Analysis Result of Pile Allowable Uplift Bearing Capacity

Depth Steel Pile (kN)

Points
(m) Dia 40 cm Dia 60 cm Dia 80 cm
2 2.39 4.57 7.39
4 7.22 12.73 19.5
6 15.2 25.67 38.06
BH01
8 25.4 41.89 60.9
10 405.46 615.72 827.22
12 417.67 642.97 864.78
Depth Spun Pile (kN)
Points
(m) Dia 40 cm Dia 50 cm Dia 60 cm
5 23.09 31.54 40.42
10 68.68 98.42 123.28
15 124.42 181.73 241.09
BH02
20 185.39 278.29 381.13
25 246.37 375.05 520.52
28 283.48 433.39 604.42
2 7.7 10.7 13.89
4 19.91 26.99 34.41
6 38.46 51.25 64.57
BH03
8 65.36 85.9 107.12
10 99.2 135.18 167.31
12 131.15 186.83 236.96
2 7.93 10.95 14.15
4 22.32 29.97 37.97
6 43.13 57.03 71.44
BH04 8 92.32 119.62 147.61
10 126.94 169.7 208.71
12 161.85 225.27 283.11
14 435.64 571.97 704.38

Table 4.12. Analysis Result of Pile Lateral Capacity

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Steel Pile (ton)

Load
Points Dia 40 cm Dia 60 cm Dia 80 cm
Ton y (cm) M (t.m) y (cm) M (t.m) y (cm) M (t.m)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.27 1.62 0.09 1.71 0.05 1.95
3 1.09 5.46 0.28 5.18 0.16 5.86
BH01 5 2.07 9.56 0.57 9.24 0.26 9.77
7 3.18 13.9 0.92 13.6 0.37 13.8
8 3.86 16.5 1.1 15.9 0.43 16
9 4.63 19.2 1.3 18.2 0.49 18.2
10 5.48 22.2 1.51 20.6 0.57 20.6
Spun Pile (ton)
Load
Points Dia 40 cm Dia 50 cm Dia 60 cm
Ton y (cm) M (t.m) y (cm) M (t.m) y (cm) M (t.m)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.76 2.37 0.42 2.39 0.27 2.48
3 2.4 7.16 1.32 7.26 0.83 7.46
5 4.14 11.9 2.3 12.2 1.46 12.6
BH02
7 5.91 16.6 3.34 17.1 2.14 17.8
8 6.82 18.9 3.86 19.5 2.49 20.4
9 8.56 23 4.39 21.9 2.84 23
10 10.5 27 4.92 24.3 3.2 25.6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.25 1.24 0.16 1.36 0.12 1.5
3 0.75 3.71 0.49 4.07 0.35 4.5
5 1.5 6.62 0.82 6.79 0.59 7.5
BH03
7 2.44 9.95 1.24 9.78 0.83 10.5
8 3.08 12.1 1.52 11.5 0.95 12
9 3.81 14.4 1.8 13.2 1.07 13.5
10 4.65 17 2.09 15 1.21 15.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.12 0.93 0.08 1.04 0.06 1.16
3 0.39 2.89 0.24 3.12 0.17 3.47
5 0.92 5.49 0.42 5.39 0.29 5.79
BH04
7 1.59 8.44 0.73 8.15 0.41 8.25
8 1.96 10 0.92 9.66 0.5 9.7
9 2.37 11.7 1.13 11.2 0.6 11.2
10 2.83 13.5 1.34 12.9 0.72 12.7

4.4. Geo-Electrical Survey

4.4.1. Geo-electrical Survey Position

As described, to support this study were done the geoelectric measurement

according to the electrode configuration by Schlumberger. Several considerations in

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Belitung CFSPP (2x15 MW)

the selection of the geoelectric measuring point that need to be considered on the
field, namely:

 In some of the area such as rice fields and plantation area, there are puddles,
swamp or shrubs. Puddles can lead the instability to the tools that will cause the
electrical current to spread on the surface – not into the earth. Therefore, the
team avoids location that has puddles. Also, when did the measurement the
team avoid the puddles to put the tools and embedding the potential dan
electrode
 The geoelectrical measurement required a relatively straight cable with total 300
meters long, so the midpoint of readings need to be adjusted to the distance of
each array.
 The team balanced both the direction and elevation of the cord array to acquired
the great data.
 The team avoid steep slope and rocky ground to minimize the failure of the
electrodes to conduct the electricity.
 The lithology readings were uneven because of the field conditions that is not
possible to take the even array.
 The team avoid the grounding cables in the location because it will be affecting
the result.

The resistivity survey in the study area was completed with 1 dimension consist of 3
points of measurement, the positions of the points within the study area is indicated
in Figure 4.7 and the coordinates of each point in Table 4.13 :

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Figure 4.7. Geoelectrical Point Position

Table 4.13. Coordinates of Geoelectrical Point

WGS 1984 UTM Zone 49 S

Point
Easting (m) Northing (m) Elevation (MSL)
GL01 183432.572 9703421.237 0.036
GL02 183328.907 9703282.626 1.271
GL03 183196.999 9703195.634 0.479

4.4.2. Prediction Procedures / Data Interpretation

The interpretation procedures of the field data was done in few stages, namely:
1. The determination of layer thickness and resistivity from the geoelectric data
The results of field data plotting is a field curve on the logarithmic paper between
the measured resistivity with the electrodes distance array. This curve illstrate the
number of layers that will be encountered.
The curve is created between the apparent resistivity (ρa) and the current
electrode spacing (AB / 2) obtained from the estimation in the field, then
interpreted by comparing (matching) the standard curve. This is because in
general the existing rock layer is in a group instead of a single layer, therefore its
interpreted using a standard curve and the auxiliary curve.

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For the purposes of aquifer estimation, the interpretation was based on the
theoretically comprehension. Theoretically the electrical properties of a rock is the
magnitude value of resistivity (ρa) not affected by the mineralogy arrangement, but
by the porosity of the rock and the amount of water contained in the pores and
depending on the salinity degree of the water. Basically the relationship between
the value of the resistivity of rock can be summed up as follows:
a. Loose sedimentary rocks will have a lower resistivity value than the compact
sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks will have a higher
resistivity value. The resistivity value will be lower if the rock condition is wet
or saturated with water and will be much lower if the water saturation has a
high salinity. By this condition, there is no clear limit between the magnitude of
each rocks' resistivity values
b. There is no similarity between the resistivity value and the rock variation from
one region to another, also if the geological condition is different.
c. Resistivity of rock layers can be markedly different not only from one layer to
another, but also within the rock layer.

2. Lithology Interpretation
In addition to referring to the rock resistivity value was compared with the
existing reference (shown in Table 4.14, Table 4.15, and Figure 4.8), also
considering the geological local conditions derived from the field observations
and the regional geological conditions from the literature. The result of this
interpretations will be the tools to make the area’s cross-section of the
subsurface geology for further research and for the reference.

Table 4.14. Rocks and its Resistivity Value (Dobrin, 1973)

Rocks Resistivity (ohm-meter)

Shale 20 – 2 x 103
Sandstone 1 – 6,4 x 104
Conglomerate 2 x 103 – 104
Limestone 50 – 107
Dolomite 3,5 – 102
Clay 1 – 100
Napal 3 – 70
Aluvial & Sand 4 - 800
Table 4.15. Resistivity of Earth Materials (Boyd, 1966)

Material Resistivitas (ohm-meter)

Air Unlimited
Pyrite 3 x 10-1

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Galena 2 x 10-3
Quartz 4 x 1010 - 2 x 1014
Calcite 1 x 1012 - 1 x 1013
Mica 9 x 1012 - 1 x 1014
Granite 100 - 1 x 106
Gabbro 1 x 103 - 1 x 106
Basalt 10 - 1 x 107
Limestone 50 - 1 x 107
Sandstone 1 - 1 x 108
Serpih 20 - 2 x 103
Dolomite 100 - 10,000
Sand 1 - 1,000
Clay 1 - 100
Groundwater 0.5 - 300
Sea Water 0.2

Figure 4.8. The Relationship between Rock and Resistivity Range (Todd, 1959)

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4.4.3. Geoelectrical Data Analysis

From the geoelectric measurement and interpretation data were made a geolectric
cross-section that represent the subsurface of the study area. After the raw geoelctric
data processing, the lithology were indentified.

Results of geoelectrical interpretation for each point measurement can be seen as

follow.

Table 4.16. Point GL01

Laye Thicknes
Rho Depth (m)
r s Lithology Remarks
(ohms) From to (m)
1 146 0 0.75 0.75 Top Soil -
2 1.63 0.75 1.83 1.08 Silt grounding
3 210 1.83 9.85 8.02 Sand not recommended
4 2.46 9.85 58.1 48.25 Silt -
5 0.463 58.1 100 41.9 Clay grounding

At this point there are three types of units which can be interpreted from the
geoelectric results. The three types of rock units or deposits are silt, sand and clay. In
the sedimentary unit at point GL01 there is sand at a depth of 1.83 to 9.85 meters
which is identified as hard rock. The results of the interpretation did not show good
potential in this sand layer because measurements at this point and depth
experienced problems in the form of high depositional resistance. It is estimated that
the deposits are in the form of intrusion that does not start continuously at a depth of
9 meters while the response from the geoelectric device is not able to penetrate the
rock resistance, so the identification results show a small resistance but not as a
whole.

It is possible that at this point GL01 there was a local intrusion or boulder rock that
fell at a depth of 9 to 58 meters.
Table 4.17. Point GL02

Laye Rho Depth (m) Thickness

r Lithology Remarks
(ohms) From to (m)
1 81.9 0 0.75 0.75 Top Soil  
2 14.7 0.75 2.08 1.33 Fine Sand grounding
3 1.65 2.08 6.96 4.88 Silt grounding
4 8.93 6.96 36.4 29.44 Fine Sand grounding

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5 838 36.4 68 31.6 Hard Rock not recommended

6 799 68 100 32 Hard Rock not recommended
In the second point, it is illustrated that the depth that has the potential for grounding
is at 1 to 36 meters from the local ground level. At this depth the predominant type of
sediment is silt and fine sand. With a resistance of less than 20 ohm meters, it is
estimated that this position can be a pretty good electrical discharge area.

For depths from 40 to 100 meters, resistivity values of more than 800 ohms are
obtained. At that depth it is estimated that its constituent lithology is igneous or
metamorphic. With this type of resistance value, this depth has no potential to be
used as a grounding area. Groundwater density also does not have enough potential
at this depth.

Result for the last point described below.

Table 4.18. Point GL03

Laye Rho Depth (m) Thickness

r Lithology Remarks
(ohms) From to (m)
1 473 0 0.75 0.75 Top Soil  
2 78.9 0.75 3.92 3.17 Sand grounding
3 24.3 3.92 5.9 1.98 Fine Sand grounding
4 84.8 5.9 13.1 7.2 Sand grounding
5 3.55 13.1 33.8 20.7 Silt grounding
6 1201 33.8 100 66.2 Hard Rock not recommended

At this point it was found that grounding can be done up to a depth of 30 meters with
rock types ranging from fine sand and silt. The resistivity values obtained range from
3 to 85 ohms and are estimated to be a good enough resistance to conduct
electricity.

For depths of more than 30 meters, a resistivity value of up to 1200 ohm meters is
obtained and is estimated as hard / igneous rock which can be in the form of a
granite or metamorphic rock. Depth of more than 30 meters is estimated as a
basement that has no potential to be grounded.

The lithology based on interpretations of geoelectric measurements in this project

can be seen in figure below.

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GL01 GL02 GL03

Figure 4.9. Lithology Based on Geoelectrical Measurement

Based on the results of interpretation, it was found that the groundwater potential at
the two measurement points (GL02 and GL03) did not indicate a large potential.

From the location map, it was found that both locations are located in the northern
Belitung island. Belitung is generally in the form of young mud-clay sediment and / or
volcanic rocks which form the bedrock or basement. Based on the results of
geoelectrical interpretation, it is found that there are several locations that have hard
rock or are thought to be andesite or slate stone.

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4.5. Topographic Survey

4.1.1. Reference Station

The control points used in topographic measurements are obtained from the results
of the binding to the national tie point (CORS station) with the names of CLBT
stations. Referenced is carried out by the static GPS observation method to the
control point made at the survey location. From the results of geodetic observations
at these points, baseline processing and adjusment network is carried out.

Table 4.19. Downloaded File Result of Geodetic Receiver

File Name Station Height of Antenna(m) Log in Log Off Date Method
00:00:0 29-12-
cblt3630.19o CLBT 0.055 23:59:30 Static
0 19
14:37:1 29-12-
09693631.t02 BM01 1.575 16:32:12 Static
2 19
07740250.T0 14:20:4 25-01-
BM02 1.386 16:24:12 Static
2 2 20
11:47:1 20-01-
09690201.t02 BM03 1.444 13:45:12 Static
2 20
08:28:4 20-01-
09690200.t02 BM04 1.471 11:17:12 Static
2 20
14:40:4 20-01-
09690202.t02 BM05 1.489 16:24:42 Static
2 20
07743632.T0 14:23:4 29-12-
CP01 1.621 16:37:12 Static
2 2 19
15:00:4 25-01- Static
09690250.t02 CP02 1.503 16:28:12
2 20
07740201.T0 11:54:1 20-01- Static
CP03 1.499 13:50:42
2 2 20
07740200.T0 08:56:1 20-01- Static
CP04 1.436 11:12:42
2 2 20
07740202.T0 14:28:1 20-01- Static
CP05 1.566 16:03:12
2 2 20
CP 09:08:4 30-12-
09693640.t02 1.503 10:55::42 Static
Pasut 2 19

The results of the BM point coordinates through the baseline processing and
adjustment can be seen in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20. Coordinates of BM

Ellipsoid
Geographic WGS 84 UTM Zone 49 S Height
Points (m)
Latitude Longitude Easting (m) Northing (m)
CLBT 2°52'22.34074" S 108°16'04.56095" E 192253.619 9682095.436 35.393
BM01 2°40'30.78939" S 108°08'59.05970" E 183049.577 9703937.541 28.303
BM02 2°40'44.35620" S 108°09'10.11678" E 183392.371 9703521.271 27.485
BM03 2°40'55.33926" S 108°09'19.95439" E 183697.279 9703184.342 27.587
BM04 2°41'07.49288" S 108°09'06.24718" E 183274.400 9702809.736 38.750
BM05 2°40'48.68892" S 108°08'50.22344" E 182777.689 9703386.645 29.388

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CP01 2°40'31.33186" S 108°08'57.96862" E 183015.886 9703920.786 28.446

CP02 2°40'44.59432" S 108°09'09.12665" E 183361.779 9703513.879 27.539
CP03 2°40'54.70817" S 108°09'19.04204" E 183669.029 9703203.678 27.467
CP04 2°41'05.38452" S 108°09'05.46380" E 183250.032 9702874.493 37.824
CP05 2°40'47.79055" S 108°08'51.78398" E 182825.868 9703414.374 29.436
CP Pasut 2°40'12.11835" S 108°09'00.09526" E 183080.259 9704511.592 29.395
Complete results for processing the geodetic observation baseline and adjusment
network can be seen in the Appendix. From CP Pasut, height differences are
measured to the tidal station point installed. This is done in order to determine the
height of BM above MSL in the location based on tidal calculations.

SKETCH OF BM AGAINST WATER ELEVATION

TIDE STATION - BELITUNG CFSPP 2X15 MW
29 December 2019 - 12 January 2020

C P P A S UT

B E LIT UN G C F S P P
2 X15 M W

HWS

2.847 m
MEAN SEA LEVEL
(MSL)

4.012 m
LWS

1.912 m

0.977 m

NOL (0) PALEM

Figure 4.10. Sketch of Tidal Palm Position against CP Pasut

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From the results, the obtained high elevation of BM against MSL are:

Table 4.21. Coordinates of BM

WGS 1984 UTM ZONE 49 S Elevation

POINT
Easting (m) Northing (m) MSL (m)
BM-01 183049.577 9703937.541 1.008
BM-02 183392.371 9703521.271 0.190
BM-03 183697.279 9703184.342 0.292
BM-04 183274.400 9702809.736 11.455
BM-05 182777.689 9703386.645 2.093
CP-01 183015.886 9703920.786 1.151
CP-02 183361.779 9703513.879 0.244
CP-03 183669.029 9703203.678 0.172
CP-04 183250.032 9702874.493 10.529
CP-05 182825.868 9703414.374 2.141
CP-PASUT 183080.259 9704511.592 2.100

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Figure 4.11. Plotting of BM and CP

4.1.2. Result
The results of the topography measurements is in coordinate (x, y, z) of the points in
the survey area. Coordinates of topographical survey using a coordinate system
UTM Zone 49 S. From the coordinates can be made contour (elevation lines) by
using interpolation method. Results topographic contour map of Belitung CFSPP
area can be seen in figure below.

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Figure 4.12. Topographic Map

Based on the results of topographic mapping, most of the Belitung CFSPP layout
areas have a low elevation, which is under 1 meter above Mean Sea Level (MSL).
The highest elevation is in the south of the layout with the highest elevation
measured is 11.21 meter above the MSL. Some areas are vegetation with a road that
cross area from southeast to southwest. From elevation of 0 to 1 meter above MSL, it
has a slope percentage of 0.25% to 1% and can be categorized as a flat area. While
for elevations of 1 to 10 meters, they have a slope percentage of 3% to 8% and can
be categorized as a gently slope to sloping area.

4.6. Bathymetry and Hydro-Oseanography

4.6.1. Tidal Observation

4.1.2.1. Tide Station

Tidal observations on this work carried out for 15 days, ie on 29 December 2019
until 12 January 2020. Observations using automatic recording devices. Detail

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information regarding the tidal observation stations can be seen in Table 4.22.
The overview location between tide station to the layout area can be seen in
Figure 4.14 below.

Table 4.22. Tide Station

Location Belitung CFSPP

Coordinate 392926 E ; 9602813 S
Recording Time 29 December 2019 until 12 January 2020
Interval 15 minute
Identity Main Tide Station
Time GMT + 7

Figure 4.13. Plotting of Tide Station

Constant harmony is the result of numerical analysis of the sequence data

obtained and synthesized based astronomical style influence of the moon and
sun. Data from tide observations are used to determine the type of tidal constants
in the survey area.

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4.1.2.2. Result and Analysis

From the observational data, if depicted in graphic form it will look sinosuidal tidal
pattern as shown in Figure 4.14 below.

Figure 4.14. Tide Graphic from Observations and Calculations Data

The readings start at zero elevation palm surface (zero point of the tidal signs)
can be seen in attachments and images below. From observations of tidal
conducted for 15 days and by applying admiralty methods to obtain the harmonic
constants of tidal harmonic components at this location can be seen in Table
4.23 below.

Table 4.23. Tide Harmonic Components

Location Tide Harmonic Components

So M2 S2 N2 K1 O1 M4 MS4 K2 P1
Belitung A 191 2 7 4 47 27 0.3 0.1 2 15
CFSPP (cm)
g (°) 0 160 254 98 144 25 170 223 254 144

With the acquisition of the tide harmonic components, it can be calculated the
value of the amount of Mean Sea Level (MSL) which is equal to 191.2 cm, Low
Water Spring (LWS) of 97.7 cm and the High Water Spring (HWS) of 284.7 cm.
Tides at this location have a tidal range of 187 cm. For a detail can be seen in
Table 4.24.
Table 4.24. Tide Elevation
Value Elevation based on
No Tide Elevation
(cm) MSL (m)
1 Highest Water Spring (HWS) 284.7 + 0.935
2 Mean High Water Level (MHWL) 193.6 + 0.024

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3 Mean Sea Level (MSL) 191.2 0

4 Mean Low Water Level (MLWL) 188.7 -0.024
5 Lowest Water Spring (LWS) 97.7 -0.935

Based on Formzahl's value of 7.5, the tides at this location can be categorized
into diurnal type.

4.1.3. Current Observation

4.1.3.1. Observation
Current observations made on 25 to 28 January 2020. The position of current
observation is in the middle of the bathymetry survey area with the coordinate is
184590.039 m E and 9704471.909 m S. Plot location of current observation can
be seen in figure below.

Figure 4.15. Position of Current Observation

4.1.3.2. Analysis from Current Observation Data

Current conditions on the location based on observations shows the pattern of
dominant currents to south direction. The maximum current speed of 0.343 m/s,
the minimum current speed of 0.003 m/s. Average current speed is 0.079 m/s.
Current rose can be seen in figure below. In the figure shown that, overall, the
dominant currents moving to south direction with a percentage of 23.08% to 8
division direction. Furthermore, the current chart on can be seen in figure below.
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Figure 4.16. Current Rose

Figure 4.17. Current Speed Chart

4.1.4. Bathymetry Survey

Overview of the survey area is presented in Figure 4.18.

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Figure 4.18. Bathymetry Survey Area

Sounding is implemented using Real Time Kinematic system for positioning.

Echosounder which connected to the Hydropro Automatic Data Logging Navigation
software are used for Sounding equipment.

Sounding is implemented from the outer survey boundary to the coastline. A local
wooden boat, with a length of 8 m and wide of 2 m, average speed of 5 knots (2,6
m/s) with a logging interval corresponding to maximum sounding data-rate of
echosounder and maximum survey ares depth is used for survey vessel. A distance
interval standard suitable for survey scale is used for fix.

Trimble Hydropro Navedit software is used for depth reduction and depth editing.
Depth editing is carried out by comparing the digital recording and the echosounder
paper recording (echograph). The depth from measuring results is reduced to
sounding datum by considering the value obtained from the tide gauge, calculation of
Mean Sea Level (MSL) and Chart Datum Level (CDL) data.

The software used for data compiling and preparing bathymetric map is Trimble
Terramodel and Autodesk AutoCAD. Bathymetric map of 1: 1000 scale is drawn with

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1 meter interval contour. The depth value is presented in meter with sounding datum
of MSL.

The result of bathymetric survey are points of depth. The horizontal position is the
result of point referencing to control point, while the vertical position based on MSL.
Depth contour overview of survey results on the survey area is presented in Figure
4.19.

Figure 4.19. Bathymetry Map

From the figure above, it can be seen that the survey area has a variety of
characters. The deepest contour located at northeast with a depth of up to 8 meters
below MSL. The slope is flat with a slope of around 0.6% - 1%. From the layout of
Belitung CFSPP, the jetty locate at a depth of 4.7 meter below MSL with the distance
from coastline is 700 meter and the end of causeway located at a depth of 1.6 meter
below MSL on northwest and a depth of 0.5 meter below MSL on southeast.

4.1.5. Wave
Wave forecasting is done using secondary data from nearest BMKG station, namely
the H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorogical Station in 2010 - 2019. The data used is the
highest wind speed data and its direction at the highest wind speed.

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Calculation of the fetch length at the project location is carried out in the eight
directions, with the following illustration

Figure 4.20. Fetch Belitung CFSPP

Figure 4.21. Fetch Belitung CFSPP (Zoom)

The recapitulation of the effective fetch length used is as follow:

Table 4.25. Fetch’s Calculation Result

No Direction Fetch (m)

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1 North 200000
2 Northeast 183934.100
3 East 44029.792
4 Southeast 1018.853
5 South 1457.103
6 Southwest 764.968
7 West 1487.463
Northwes
8 t 22915.025

The longest fetch is located in the north direction of the project location. For the
calculation of hindcasting for the highest daily wind speed data are as follow:

Table 4.26. Hindcasting Result

Year Hmax (m) Tmax (s) Havg (m) Tavg (s)

2010 2.348 6.115 0.489 2.177
2011 2.802 6.396 0.579 2.371
2012 2.543 6.280 0.509 2.150
2013 2.543 6.280 0.508 2.145
2014 2.734 6.433 0.718 2.646
2015 2.543 6.280 0.550 2.309
2016 2.734 6.433 0.651 2.582
2017 2.922 6.577 0.620 2.418
2018 3.106 6.713 0.641 2.411
2019 3.325 6.772 0.651 2.516

From the table above, it can be seen that the highest waves occurred in 2019 with a
wave height of 3.325 m and a period of 6.115 s.

As a overview of waves, displayed in the form of wave rose for each year as follow

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Figure 4.22. Wave Rose Belitung 2010

Figure 4.23. Wave Rose Belitung 2011

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Figure 4.24. Wave Rose Belitung 2012

Figure 4.25. Wave Rose Belitung 2013

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Figure 4.26. Wave Rose Belitung 2014

Figure 4.27. Wave Rose Belitung 2015

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Figure 4.28. Wave Rose Belitung 2016

Figure 4.29. Wave Rose Belitung 2017

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Figure 4.30. Wave Rose Belitung 2018

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Figure 4.31. Wave Rose Belitung 2019

4.2. Regional Climatology Condition

Regional climatology conditions were obtained from the nearest BMKG station data,
namely the H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station, Belitung from 2010 to 2019.
Climatology data obtained were daily climatological data.

The recorded temperature data consists of the minimum temperature, maximum

temperature, and average temperature data. A summary of the recorded temperature
data is as follow.

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Table 4.27. Daily Temperature Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Temperature (° C)
Year
Min Max Average
2010 21.2 34.2 26.2
2011 20 34.9 26.3
2012 20 35.8 26.4
2013 20.7 35.6 26.4
2014 19.6 36.2 26.7
2015 20.4 35.8 26.9
2016 21.6 34.2 26.7
2017 21 34.3 26.6
2018 20.4 34.6 26.6
2019 21 35.6 26.8
Summary 19.6 36.2 26.6

As seen in the table above, the minimum and maximum temperature occurred in the
same year, namely in 2014 with values of 19.6° C and 36.2° C. The average daily
temperature was 26.6° C.

Summary of average daily humidity is as follow.

Table 4.28. Daily Humidity Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Average Daily Humidity (%)

Year
Min Max Average
2010 79 100 90.9
2011 68 98 86.7
2012 69 98 86.6
2013 67 98 87.7
2014 63 98 83.9
2015 70 99 83.7
2016 72 99 88.4
2017 76 99 88.6
2018 71 100 86.4
2019 69 98 85.1
Summar
63 100 86.8
y

Minimum average daily humidity occurred in 2014 with a value of 63%. The
maximum average daily humidity occurs in 2010 and 2018 with a value of 100%.
While the average daily humidity during 2010 to 2019 is 86.8%.

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Summary of average daily humidity is as follow.

Table 4.29. Daily Rainfall Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Daily Rainfall (mm)

Year
Min Max Average
2010 0 100 11.2
2011 0 79 7.8
2012 0 122 7.5
2013 0 152.1 10.8
2014 0 95.6 6.6
2015 0 120.9 7.9
2016 0 118.3 11.6
2017 0 232.3 11.0
2018 0 131.9 9.2
2019 0 145.2 8.3
Summar
0 232.3 9.2
y

The highest daily rainfall occurred in 2017 with a value of 232 mm with an average
daily rainfall for 10 years (2010 - 2019) of 9.2 mm.

Summary of average daily atmospheric pressure is as follow.

Table 4.30. Daily Atmospheric Pressure Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Daily Atmospheric Pressure (Pa)

Year
Min Max Average
2010 1003 1015.7 1009.1
2011 1002 1014.1 1008.9
2012 1003.6 1015.2 1009.5
2013 1001 1019.1 1009.0
2014 1004.1 1013.8 1009.9
2015 1001.2 1016.2 1010.8
2016 1002.7 1015.2 1010.1
2017 1001 1015 1009.9
2018 1001.7 1014.9 1010.1
2019 1005.4 1015.8 1010.7
Summary 1001.0 1019.1 1009.8

Minimum daily atmospheric pressure occurred in 2013 and 2017 with a value of 1001
Pa. The maximum daily atmospheric pressure occurred in 2013 with a value of

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1019.1 Pa. While the average daily atmospheric pressure during 2010 to 2019 is
1009.8 Pa.

Summary of daily significant wind is as follow.

Table 4.31. Daily Significant Wind Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Daily Significant Wind

Year
Max Wind Speed (m/s) Direction (°)
2010 11 270
2011 14 280
2012 18 300
2013 36 120
2014 13 90
2015 14 120
2016 16 290
2017 13 220
2018 15 330
2019 15 260

The highest daily wind speed occured in 2013 with the value of 36 m/s and the
direction at this wind speed is 120°. For the significant wind speed, wind direction
dominant from southeast direction. Wind rose for the highest wind speed for this data
(2010 – 2019) can be seen in the figure below.

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Figure 4.32. Wind Rose for Significant Wind Speed (2010 – 2019)

Summary of daily average wind is as follow.

Table 4.32. Daily Average Wind Data from H. Asan Hananjoedin Meteorological Station

Daily Average Wind Speed (m/s)

Year
Min Max Average
2010 0 4 1.6
2011 0 7 2.6
2012 0 7 2.7
2013 0 7 2.2
2014 0 7 2.7
2015 0 6 2.6
2016 1 5 1.9
2017 0 6 2.2
2018 0 9 2.3
2019 1 6 2.3
Summar
0 9 2.3
y

Wind rose for the daily average wind speed for this data (2010 – 2019) can be seen
in the figure below.

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Figure 4.33. Wind Rose for Average Wind Speed (2010 – 2019)

The maximum daily average wind speed occured in 2018 with the value of 9 m/s. the
average wind speed is 2.3 m/s. Wind direction dominant blow from north with the
dominant speed interval from 2 – 4 m/s with the percentage of 58.8%.

4.3. Seismic

4.3.1. Seismic History

Historical earthquake data that occurred in the location was obtained from the
Earthquake and Tsunami Center, BMKG. The data used are from 2010 to 2019.
There are 26 events for earthquake that occured around the location of Belitung
CFSPP area. All the data can be seen in table below.

Table 4.33. Earthquake Data

No Date Time Lat Lon Depth (km) M Distance (km)

1 13-Apr-10 07:42:12 -3.28 110.06 10 4.8 222.18
2 14-Aug-10 20:07:08 -4.28 107.59 10 3.9 188.06
3 17-Jul-13 04:39:46 -3.33 109.83 10 5.7 199.87
4 16-Jul-13 21:24:07 -1.12 110.35 10 5.9 298.87
5 06-Jul-13 04:54:01 -4.05 106.21 10 5.2 264.06
6 03-Jul-13 05:37:59 -0.99 109.49 135 3.9 238.48
7 30-Jul-13 05:10:49 -4.05 105.5 48 5 331.72
8 29-Jul-13 07:59:36 -3.88 105.74 10 4.9 299.46
9 15-Aug-13 13:14:38 -3.27 109.98 10 6.2 213.37
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10 14-Aug-13 07:40:39 -4.89 109.46 405 5.1 284.55

11 09-Aug-13 21:01:09 -0.45 110.65 272 5.5 371.15
12 16-Jan-15 02:01:13 -3.74 105.04 10 3.7 365.52
13 21-Feb-15 21:31:24 -4.01 105.05 10 3 375.12
14 24-Jun-16 01:14:24 -2.95 110.22 10 4.1 231.72
15 24-Jun-16 00:41:34 -2.52 110.19 10 4.9 227.1
16 30-Aug-16 14:29:26 -1.48 105.54 10 4.2 319.45
17 19-Oct-16 00:26:00 -4.98 108.16 614 6.3 254.73
18 16-Nov-16 02:11:14 -2.39 110.24 163 6.4 234.16
19 27-Jan-17 00:08:55 -1.46 105.63 10 4.3 311.31
20 30-Jan-18 12:16:50 -1.53 105.55 10 3.6 316.18
21 09-Feb-18 19:37:50 -2.63 105.01 10 4 349.63
22 08-Jun-18 18:50:26 -1.73 105.35 10 3.4 328.97
23 25-Jun-18 15:36:48 -4.56 105.1 30 3.5 398.09
24 21-Jul-18 14:24:32 -4.83 105.8 10 3.6 353.65
25 09-Dec-18 00:23:36 -1.69 105.56 12 3.5 308.45
26 16-Nov-19 03:05:22 -3.48 105.87 10 3.5 268.97

From table above, can be concluded that around Belitung CFSPP area is rare in
earthquake events. The nearest earthquake locate 188.06 km from project location
with the magnitude is 3.9M. The largest earthquake occured at November 16, 2016
with the magnitude is 6.4M and 234.16 km away from project location. The overview
of the earthquake that occurred during the 10 years can be seen in the picture below.

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Figure 4.34. Earthquake Data (2010 – 2019)

4.3.2. Speed of Wave Slide

Seismic analysis calculated from the Vs equation Sun et. al., 2008. The values of N',
Su and Vs' weighted based on the field data obtained in BH01 - BH04 described in
table below.

Table 4.34. Weighted Parameters Value of BH01

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Kedalaman N Su (kPa) V si (m/s) di di/Ni di/Sui di/V si

-2 6 24 147 2 0.33 0.083 0.014
-4 17 68 217 2 0.12 0.029 0.009
-6 29 116 264 2 0.07 0.017 0.008
-8 74 296 374 2 0.03 0.007 0.005
-10 69 276 364 2 0.03 0.007 0.005
-12 67 268 361 2 0.03 0.007 0.006
-14 62 248 350 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-16 60 240 346 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-18 58 232 342 2 0.03 0.009 0.006
-20 54 216 333 2 0.04 0.009 0.006
-22 53 212 330 2 0.04 0.009 0.006
-24 50 200 323 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-26 49 196 321 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-28 47 188 316 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-30 46 184 314 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
30 0.95 0.237 0.101

N' Su' V s'

31.662 126.649 296.199
T.Sedang T.Keras T.Sedang

Table 4.35. Weighted Parameters Value of BH02

Kedalaman N Su (kPa) V si (m/s) di di/Ni di/Sui di/V si
-2 4 16 127 2 0.50 0.125 0.016
-4 5 20 138 2 0.40 0.100 0.015
-6 9 36 171 2 0.22 0.056 0.012
-8 10 40 178 2 0.20 0.050 0.011
-10 14 56 202 2 0.14 0.036 0.010
-12 13 52 196 2 0.15 0.038 0.010
-14 13 52 196 2 0.15 0.038 0.010
-16 30 120 268 2 0.07 0.017 0.007
-18 32 128 274 2 0.06 0.016 0.007
-20 12 48 190 2 0.17 0.042 0.011
-22 37 148 289 2 0.05 0.014 0.007
-24 48 192 319 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-26 46 184 314 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-28 45 180 311 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-30 43 172 306 2 0.05 0.012 0.007
30 2.30 0.575 0.141

N' Su' V s'

13.051 52.202 212.237
T.Lunak T.Sedang T.Sedang

Table 4.36. Weighted Parameters Value of BH03

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Kedalaman N Su (kPa) Vsi (m/s) di di/Ni di/Sui di/Vsi

-2 10 40 178 2 0.20 0.050 0.011
-4 13 52 196 2 0.15 0.038 0.010
-6 34 136 280 2 0.06 0.015 0.007
-8 68 272 362 2 0.03 0.007 0.006
-10 64 256 354 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-12 62 248 350 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-14 59 236 344 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-16 64 256 354 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-18 54 216 333 2 0.04 0.009 0.006
-20 50 200 323 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-22 49 196 321 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-24 48 192 319 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-26 46 184 314 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-28 45 180 311 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-30 43 172 306 2 0.05 0.012 0.007
30 0.86 0.216 0.101

N' Su' V s'

34.694 138.778 297.194
T.Sedang T.Keras T.Sedang

Table 4.37. Weighted Parameters Value of BH04

Kedalaman N Su (kPa) Vsi (m/s) di di/Ni di/Sui di/Vsi

-2 21 84 234 2 0.10 0.024 0.009
-4 32 128 274 2 0.06 0.016 0.007
-6 44 176 308 2 0.05 0.011 0.006
-8 67 268 361 2 0.03 0.007 0.006
-10 62 248 350 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-12 60 240 346 2 0.03 0.008 0.006
-14 58 232 342 2 0.03 0.009 0.006
-16 55 220 335 2 0.04 0.009 0.006
-18 53 212 330 2 0.04 0.009 0.006
-20 49 196 321 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-22 48 192 319 2 0.04 0.010 0.006
-24 46 184 314 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-26 45 180 311 2 0.04 0.011 0.006
-28 43 172 306 2 0.05 0.012 0.007
-30 42 168 303 2 0.05 0.012 0.007
30 0.67 0.168 0.096

N' Su' V s'

44.659 178.637 313.546
T.Sedang T.Keras T.Sedang

Vs' obtained through the calculation formula and the correlation to the value of N-
SPT for each drilling holes indicates that the smallest value Vs' is 212.237 (BH02)

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and the largest value Vs' is 313.546 (BH04), so that the soil was included in the
Medium Soil category (Vs' = 175 s / d 350). Smallest values of N-SPT-weighted
average or N 'of each borehole the is 13.051 (BH02) and the largest value N' is
44.659 (BH04), so it can be categorized in Soft Soil (N’ <15) and Medium Soil
(15<N’<50). The smallest value of Su' is 52.202 (BH02) and the largest value of Su'
is 178.637 (BH04), so it can be included in the category of Medium Soil, SD (50 <Su
'<100) and Hard Soil, SC (Su'>100). Thus, based on the SNI 1726-2012, soil for the
location of the planned power plant is classified as Medium Soil' or SD.

4.3.3. Determination of Response Spectrum

Referring to the SNI 1726-2012 (earthquake zone map) issued by the government, in
determining the value of response spectra acceleration (SS), shown in Figure 4.35,
response spectra acceleration for the region was 0.05 - 0.1 g.

Figure 4.35. Response Spectra Acceleration SS

Determining the value of response spectra acceleration (S1), shown in Figure 4.36,
response spectra acceleration for the region is 0.05 - 0.1 g.

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Figure 4.36. Response Spectra Acceleration S1

The risk coefficient values for response spectrum period of 0.2 seconds can be seen
in Figure 4.37. For the project location, the risk mapped coefficient CRS value was 0.9
- 0.95.

Figure 4.37. CRS, Mapped Risk Coefficient, Response Spectrum Period 0.2 Second

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The risk coefficient values for response spectrum period of 1 seconds can be seen in
Figure 4.38. For the project location, the risk mapped coefficient CR1 value was 0.9-
0.95.

Figure 4.38. CR1, Mapped Risk Coefficient, Response Spectrum Period 1 Second

4.3.4. Seismic Design Category

To obtain seismic design category, determine the coefficient site first (Fa and Fv) to
the location through described in the previous chapter. Based on that values, then
the following results are.

Table 4.38. Calculation of Fa

Ss 0.075
SB 0.9
SC 1.3
SD 1.6
SE 2.4

Table 4.39. Calculation of Fv

S1 0.075
SB 0.8
SC 1.5
SD 2.4
SE 4.2
Table 4.40. Calculation of SDs dan SD1

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Class SDs SD1

Rock 0.045 0.04
Hard Soil 0.065 0.075
Medium Soil 0.08 0.12
Soft Soil 0.12 0.21

For the calculation results of T and Vs from each class can be seen in the table below.

Table 4.41. Calculation of T and Sa

Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil Rock

T Sa T Sa T Sa T Sa
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.23 0.065 0.30 0.08 0.35 0.12 0.18 0.045
1.15 0.065 1.50 0.08 1.75 0.12 0.89 0.045
1.20 0.063 1.60 0.075 1.80 0.117 0.90 0.044
1.30 0.058 1.70 0.071 1.90 0.111 1.00 0.040
1.40 0.054 1.80 0.067 2.00 0.105 1.10 0.036
1.50 0.050 1.90 0.063 2.10 0.100 1.20 0.033
1.60 0.047 2.00 0.060 2.20 0.095 1.30 0.031
1.70 0.044 2.10 0.057 2.30 0.091 1.40 0.029
1.80 0.042 2.20 0.055 2.40 0.088 1.50 0.027
1.90 0.039 2.30 0.052 2.50 0.084 1.60 0.025
2.00 0.038 2.40 0.050 2.60 0.081 1.70 0.024
2.10 0.036 2.50 0.048 2.70 0.078 1.80 0.022
2.20 0.034 2.60 0.046 2.80 0.075 1.90 0.021
2.30 0.033 2.70 0.044 2.90 0.072 2.00 0.020
2.40 0.031 2.80 0.043 3.00 0.070 2.10 0.019
2.50 0.030 2.90 0.041 3.10 0.068 2.20 0.018
2.60 0.029 3.00 0.040 3.20 0.066 2.30 0.017
2.70 0.028 3.10 0.039 3.30 0.064 2.40 0.017
2.80 0.027 3.20 0.038 3.40 0.062 2.50 0.016
2.90 0.026 3.30 0.036 3.50 0.060 2.60 0.015
3.00 0.025 3.40 0.035 3.60 0.058 2.70 0.015
3.10 0.024 3.50 0.034 3.70 0.057 2.80 0.014
3.20 0.023 3.60 0.033 3.80 0.055 2.90 0.014
3.30 0.023 3.70 0.032 3.90 0.054 3.00 0.013
3.40 0.022 3.80 0.032 4.00 0.053 3.10 0.013
3.50 0.021 3.90 0.031 4.10 0.051 3.20 0.013
3.60 0.021 4.00 0.030 4.20 0.050 3.30 0.012
3.70 0.020 4.10 0.029 4.30 0.049 3.40 0.012
3.80 0.020 4.20 0.029 4.40 0.048 3.50 0.011
Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil Rock
T Sa T Sa T Sa T Sa
3.90 0.019 4.30 0.028 4.50 0.047 3.60 0.011
4.00 0.019 4.40 0.027 4.60 0.046 3.70 0.011
4.10 0.018 4.50 0.027 4.70 0.045 3.80 0.011

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4.20 0.018 4.60 0.026 4.80 0.044 3.90 0.010

4.30 0.017 4.70 0.026 4.90 0.043 4.00 0.010
4.40 0.017 4.80 0.025 5.00 0.042 4.10 0.010
4.50 0.017 4.90 0.024 5.10 0.041 4.20 0.010
4.60 0.016 5.00 0.024 5.20 0.040 4.30 0.009
4.70 0.016 5.10 0.024 5.30 0.040 4.40 0.009
4.80 0.016 5.20 0.023 5.40 0.039 4.50 0.009
4.90 0.015 5.30 0.023 5.50 0.038 4.60 0.009
5.00 0.015 5.40 0.022 5.60 0.038 4.70 0.009
5.10 0.015 5.50 0.022 5.70 0.037 4.80 0.008
5.20 0.014 5.60 0.021 5.80 0.036 4.90 0.008
5.30 0.014 5.70 0.021 5.90 0.036 5.00 0.008
5.40 0.014 5.80 0.021 6.00 0.035 5.10 0.008
5.50 0.014 5.90 0.020 6.10 0.034 5.20 0.008
5.60 0.013 6.00 0.020 6.20 0.034 5.30 0.008
5.70 0.013 6.10 0.020 6.30 0.033 5.40 0.007
5.80 0.013 6.20 0.019 6.40 0.033 5.50 0.007
5.90 0.013 6.30 0.019 6.50 0.032 5.60 0.007
6.00 0.013 6.40 0.019 6.60 0.032 5.70 0.007
6.10 0.012 6.50 0.018 6.70 0.031 5.80 0.007
6.20 0.012 6.60 0.018 6.80 0.031 5.90 0.007
6.30 0.012 6.70 0.018 6.90 0.030 6.00 0.007
6.40 0.012 6.80 0.018 7.00 0.030 6.10 0.007
6.50 0.012 6.90 0.017 7.10 0.030 6.20 0.006
6.60 0.011 7.00 0.017 7.20 0.029 6.30 0.006
6.70 0.011 7.10 0.017 7.30 0.029 6.40 0.006
6.80 0.011 7.20 0.017 7.40 0.028 6.50 0.006
6.90 0.011 7.30 0.016 7.50 0.028 6.60 0.006
7.00 0.011 7.40 0.016 7.60 0.028 6.70 0.006
7.10 0.011 7.50 0.016 7.70 0.027 6.80 0.006
7.20 0.010 7.60 0.016 7.80 0.027 6.90 0.006
7.30 0.010 7.70 0.016 7.90 0.027 7.00 0.006
7.40 0.010 7.80 0.015 8.00 0.026 7.10 0.006
7.50 0.010 7.90 0.015 8.10 0.026 7.20 0.006
7.60 0.010 8.00 0.015 8.20 0.026 7.30 0.005
7.70 0.010 8.10 0.015 8.30 0.025 7.40 0.005
7.80 0.010 8.20 0.015 8.40 0.025 7.50 0.005
7.90 0.009 8.30 0.014 8.50 0.025 7.60 0.005
8.00 0.009 8.40 0.014 8.60 0.024 7.70 0.005
8.10 0.009 8.50 0.014 8.70 0.024 7.80 0.005
8.20 0.009 8.60 0.014 8.80 0.024 7.90 0.005
Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil Rock
T Sa T Sa T Sa T Sa
8.30 0.009 8.70 0.014 8.90 0.024 8.00 0.005
8.40 0.009 8.80 0.014 9.00 0.023 8.10 0.005
8.50 0.009 8.90 0.013 9.10 0.023 8.20 0.005
8.60 0.009 9.00 0.013 9.20 0.023 8.30 0.005

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8.70 0.009 9.10 0.013 9.30 0.023 8.40 0.005

8.80 0.009 9.20 0.013 9.40 0.022 8.50 0.005
8.90 0.008 9.30 0.013 9.50 0.022 8.60 0.005
9.00 0.008 9.40 0.013 9.60 0.022 8.70 0.005
9.10 0.008 9.50 0.013 9.70 0.022 8.80 0.005
9.20 0.008 9.60 0.013 9.80 0.021 8.90 0.004
9.30 0.008 9.70 0.012 9.90 0.021 9.00 0.004
9.40 0.008 9.80 0.012 10.00 0.021 9.10 0.004
9.50 0.008 9.90 0.012 10.10 0.021 9.20 0.004
12.00 0.006 12.00 0.010 12.00 0.018 12.00 0.003
12.10 0.006 12.10 0.010 12.10 0.017 12.10 0.003
12.20 0.006 12.20 0.010 12.20 0.017 12.20 0.003
12.30 0.006 12.30 0.010 12.30 0.017 12.30 0.003
12.40 0.006 12.40 0.009 12.40 0.016 12.40 0.003
12.50 0.006 12.50 0.009 12.50 0.016 12.50 0.003
12.60 0.006 12.60 0.009 12.60 0.016 12.60 0.003
12.70 0.006 12.70 0.009 12.70 0.016 12.70 0.003
12.80 0.005 12.80 0.009 12.80 0.015 12.80 0.003
12.90 0.005 12.90 0.009 12.90 0.015 12.90 0.003
13.00 0.005 13.00 0.009 13.00 0.015 13.00 0.003

The analysis results of response spectrum design of site location is shown on figure
below:

Figure 4.39. Response Spectrum Design of Site Location

4.9. Liquefaction Possibility

4.9.1. Based on Grain Size

Based on samples obtained from the results of geotechnical drilling at four points, the
grain size value of each sample was obtained. From the grain size results, it will be
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overlaid with data on the range of potential liquefaction based on the Technical
Standards and Comments for Port and Harbor Facilities in Japan, the results are
follow.

Figure 4.40. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH01-DS01 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.41. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH01-DS02 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.42. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH01-DS03 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.43. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH01-DS04 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

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Figure 4.44. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH01-DS05 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

Figure 4.45. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH02-DS01 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.46. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH02-DS02 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.47. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH02-DS03 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.48. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH02-DS04 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.49. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH02-DS05 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

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Figure 4.50. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH03-DS01 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.51. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH03-DS02 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

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Figure 4.52. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH03-DS03 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

Figure 4.53. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH03-DS04 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.54. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH03-DS05 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

Figure 4.55. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH04-DS01 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.56. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH04-DS02 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.57. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH04-DS03 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

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Figure 4.58. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH04-DS04 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc ≥ 3.5)

Figure 4.59. Grain Size Chart Distribution Point BH04-DS05 Against Potential Liquefaction Range
(Uc < 3.5)

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From the analysis of grain size distribution to the liquefaction of each soil layer at the
two drilling points above, the results of the analysis can be summarized in table
below.

Table 4.42. Liquefaction Possibility Analysis Results based on Grain Size Distribution at Point
BH01
No Point Possibility
1. BH01-DS01 Low Possibility
2. BH01-DS02 Low Possibility
3. BH01-DS03 Very High Possibility
4. BH01-DS04 Very High Possibility
5. BH01-DS05 Very High Possibility

Table 4.43. Liquefaction Potential Analysis Results based on Grain Size Distribution at Point
BH02

No Point Possibility
1. BH02-DS01 High Possibility
2. BH02-DS02 Low Possibility
3. BH02-DS03 High Possibility
4. BH02-DS04 High Possibility
5. BH02-DS05 Very High Possibility

Table 4.44. Liquefaction Potential Analysis Results based on Grain Size Distribution at Point
BH03
No Point Possibility
1. BH03-DS01 High Possibility
2. BH03-DS02 Very High Possibility
3. BH03-DS03 Very High Possibility
4. BH03-DS04 Very High Possibility
5. BH03-DS05 Very High Possibility

Table 4.45. Liquefaction Potential Analysis Results based on Grain Size Distribution at Point
BH04

No Point Possibility
1. BH04-DS01 Low Possibility
2. BH04-DS02 Low Possibility
3. BH04-DS03 Low Possibility
4. BH04-DS04 Low Possibility
5. BH04-DS05 Very High Possibility

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4.9.2. Based on N-SPT

The results of the calculation of the N equivalent values and the equivalent
acceleration at each point can be seen in the table below.

Table 4.46. The Results of the N Equivalent Values and Equivalent Aacceleration at BH01

Depth (m) N-SPT (N)65 aeq (Gal) Class Possibility of Liquefaction

2 4 18.32 72.67 IV Very Low
4 14 28.84 72.67 IV Very Low
6 22 35.66 72.67 IV Very Low
8 60 70.90 72.67 IV Very Low
10.55 60 104.63 70.56 IV Very Low
12 60 98.49 69.82 IV Very Low
14 60 91.03 69.08 IV Very Low
16 60 42.32 68.63 IV Very Low
18 60 39.51 68.29 IV Very Low
20.55 60 36.85 68.68 IV Very Low
22 60 35.47 68.86 IV Very Low
24 60 33.71 69.08 IV Very Low
26 60 32.01 69.11 IV Very Low

Table 4.47. The Results of the N Equivalent Values and Equivalent Aacceleration at BH02

Depth (m) N-SPT (N)65 aeq (Gal) Class Possibility of Liquefaction

2 3 8.82 59.24 IV Very Low
4 4 8.82 59.24 IV Very Low
6 7 12.57 59.24 IV Very Low
8 9 13.92 59.24 IV Very Low
10.55 13 18.91 62.40 IV Very Low
12 12 16.43 63.82 IV Very Low
14 13 16.79 65.45 IV Very Low
16 32 41.13 64.94 IV Very Low
18 36 43.02 64.56 IV Very Low
20.55 14 12.89 64.20 IV Very Low
22 46 48.45 64.03 IV Very Low
24 60 60.44 63.84 IV Very Low
26 60 28.80 64.20 IV Very Low

Table 4.48. The Results of the N Equivalent Values and Equivalent Aacceleration at BH03

Depth (m) N-SPT (N)65 aeq (Gal) Class Possibility of Liquefaction

2 8 20.99 61.46 IV Very Low
4 12 26.25 61.46 IV Very Low
6 30 57.45 61.46 IV Very Low
8 60 104.14 61.46 IV Very Low
10.55 60 47.18 62.62 IV Very Low
12 60 44.76 63.08 IV Very Low
14 60 41.76 63.58 IV Very Low
16 68 44.50 63.94 IV Very Low
18 60 36.71 64.22 IV Very Low
20.55 60 33.71 64.08 IV Very Low

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22 60 32.19 64.01 IV Very Low

24 60 30.28 63.93 IV Very Low
26 60 28.85 64.27 IV Very Low

Table 4.49. The Results of the N Equivalent Values and Equivalent Aacceleration at BH04

Depth (m) N-SPT (N)65 aeq (Gal) Class Possibility of Liquefaction

2 17 42.90 63.08 IV Very Low
4 27 59.11 63.08 IV Very Low
6 38 74.24 63.08 IV Very Low
8 60 106.47 63.08 IV Very Low
10.55 60 93.71 62.19 IV Very Low
12 60 87.63 61.87 IV Very Low
14 60 80.34 61.54 IV Very Low
16 60 46.31 62.04 IV Very Low
18 60 44.05 62.45 IV Very Low
20.55 60 64.63 62.21 IV Very Low
22 60 61.55 62.10 IV Very Low
24 60 57.70 61.97 IV Very Low
26 60 27.58 62.48 IV Very Low

4.9.3. Summary Result

Assessment of grain size distribution indicates the high possibility of liquefaction at
each points. For this reason, liquefaction possibility analysis needs to be done again
if there is an earthquake in the area or if there is a revision of the PGA value due to
the earthquake around the study area.

The liquefaction possibility at points BH01 to BH04 shows very low possibility based
on the results of the initial assessment. This is because the SPT value is relatively
high at each soil layer at each points and the amount of PGA is very small in the
Belitung Island area (<0.05 g).

4.10. Plume Dispersion

4.10.1. Design Data

Parameters in this modeling use the worst conditions in accordance with the
threshold of government regulations related to environmental pollution, from this
modeling can describe simulations of the distribution of flue gas from coal fired power
plants when operating in extreme weather performance and conditions. So, when the

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Coal Fired Steam Power Plant is operating normally the condition of plume
dispersion (distribution of emissions) will be much better than the results of the
simulation.

Table 4.50. Input Data

Descriptio
Value Unit Remark
n
Boiler Number 2 Unit
Operation 24 hours
Load 100 %
Stack
a. Height 46.5 m
With 2 flue liner inside Chimney as
b. Number 1
single point source
c. Exit Diameter 1.8 m
Based on Wind speed in site data in
Wind Speed data m/s
a day
Anemometer
10 m
Height
Flue Gas
150 °C
Temperature
Molecular Weight
a. Sulphur
64 gr/mol
Dioxide (Sox)
b. Nitrogen
46 gr/mol
Oxide (Nox)
c. Particular
18 gr/mol
Dioxide
d. Mercury (Hg) 200.59 gr/mo
Ambient Based on Out door in site data in a
data °C
Temperature day
Building
a. Boiler 36 m
Emission Rate
a. Total
126543.041 m3/h Each Boiler
Emission
Environmental Ministry Regulation
b. Emission Sox 200 mg/Nm3
No. 15 Year 2019
Environmental Ministry Regulation
c. Emission Nox 200 mg/Nm3
No. 15 Year 2019
Environmental Ministry Regulation
d. Emission PM 50 mg/Nm3
No. 15 Year 2019
environmental ministry regulation No.
e. Emission Hg 0.003 mg/Nm3
15 year 2019
Wind Based on Out door in site data in a
Wind Direction
rose day
Stability Class A

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Figure 4.60. Wind Rose from Site Observation

4.10.2. Limitation

The study limitation to limit discussion as follow:

a. The emission rate according environmental ministry regulation No. 15 year 2019
b. The Evaluation parameter according environmental ministry regulation No. 12 year
2010
c. Simulation running for 1 day operation

4.10.3. Model
The model is containt of map, point source (Chimney), building (boiler, highest
building around the chimney) and receptor. The grid domain in this model is
approximately of 10 km x 10 km. Emission Load in this model as follow:
Table 4.51. Chimney Model

Flue Gas Emission 126543 m3/h per units Boiler

35.15084 m3/s
SOX NOX PM Hg
Emission Load mg/Nm3 200 200 50 0.03
Operation Hour per
hour/day 24 24 24 24
day
1214.81 303.703 0.18222197
Emission Load kg/day 1214.813
3 3 9
50.6172 0.00759258
kg/h 50.61722 12.6543
2 2

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Figure 4.61. Model Layout

4.10.4. Evaluation Criteria

To evaluate and analysis the model, we use standard ambient air quality according
Environmental Ministry regulation No.12 year 2010. As follow:

Table 4.52. Standard Ambient Air Quality

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4.10.5. Simulation Result

These scenarios in this section are intended to model the pollutant dispersion which
results in the probability of the largest ambient concentration at ground level, from a
relatively fixed pollutant load. Average daily meteorological condition was
incorporated, buildings configuration were also considered. The estimation results
will provide the maximum possible concentration of ambient around the activity in
direction of the dispersion.

SO2 emission model

Based on the simulation result Figure 4.62, plume dispersion was influenced by
Chimney Height, wind rose and the terrain (contour) around of power plant. The wind
rose majority from West and Northeast and the terrain at around of power plant, so
high concentration direction to South but can not be dispersed to long distance
caused downwash effect. Average maximum daily consentration of SOx is
approximately of 197.43 µg/m3 around chimney and the total plume dispersion is
more than 5 km. And at the Power Plant Boundary average daily consentration of
SO2 approximately of 12.31 µg/m3, and at the nearest setlement, daily consentration
of SO2 approximately of 0.07 µg/m3. The maximum daily consentration of SO2 is
approximately of 197.43 µg/m3 is less than standard ambient air quality SO2 of 365
µg/m3.

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Figure 4.62. SO2 Emission Model

NOx emission model

Based on the simulation result Figure 4.63, plume dispersion was influenced by
Chimney Height, wind rose and the terrain (contour) around of power plant. The wind
rose majority from West and North-East and the terrain at around of power plant, so
high concentration direction to North-East but can not be dispersed to long distance
caused downwash effect. Average maximum daily consentration of NO2 is
approximately of 197.43 µg/m3 around chimney and the total plume dispersion is
more than 5 km. And at the Power Plant Boundary average daily consentration of
NO2 approximately of 12.31 µg/m3, and at the nearest setlement, daily consentration
of NO2 approximately of 0.07 µg/m3. The maximum daily consentration of NO2 is
approximately of 197.43 µg/m3 is more than standard ambient air quality NO2 of 150

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µg/m3. But high concentaration is only approximately of 20 meter around chimney

and there is no setlement in this area.

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Figure 4.63. NOx Emission Model

PM emission model

Based on the simulation result Figure 4.64 below, plume dispersion was influenced
by Chimney Height, wind rose and the terrain (contour) around of power plant. The
wind rose majority from West and North-East and the terrain at around of power
plant, so high concentration direction to North-East but can not be dispersed to long
distance caused downwash effect. Average maximum daily consentration of PM 10 is
approximately of 49.36 µg/m3 around chimney and the total plume dispersion is
more than 5 km. And at the Power Plant Boundary average daily consentration of
PM10 approximately of 3.07 µg/m3, and at the nearest setlement, daily consentration
of PM10 approximately of 0.019 µg/m3. The maximum daily consentration of PM10 is
approximately of 49.36 µg/m3 is less than standard ambient air quality PM10 of 150
µg/m3.

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Figure 4.64. PM10 Emission Model

Hg emission model

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Figure 4.65. Hg Emission Model

Based on the simulation result Figure 4.65 above, Plume dispersion was influenced
by Chimney Height, wind rose and the terrain (contour) around of power plant. The
wind rose majority from West and North-East and the terrain at around of power
plant, so high concentration direction to South but can not be dispersed to long
distance caused downwash effect. Average maximum daily consentration of Hg is
approximately of 0.31 µg/m3 around chimney and the total plume dispersion is more
than 5 km. And at the Power Plant Boundary average daily consentration of Hg
approximately of 0.019 µg/m3, and at the nearest setlement, daily consentration of
Hg approximately of 0.0001 µg/m3. Specially for standard ambient air quality of Hg
had be not regulated in Environmental Ministry regulation No.12 year 2010.

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4.10.6. Sensitivity
Table 4.53. Summary Result

  Chimney Height
  46.5 50 55 60
Average Max. Daily
Emission Concentration(µg/m3)
SOx 197.43 192.00 184.00 175.00 365
NO2 197.43 192.00 184.00 175.00 150
PM 49.36 48.00 46.00 44.00 150
Hg 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.27  Not Stated

4.10.7. Conclusion
Based on the simulation result by using Meti Lis, average daily consentration of SOx,
PM10 and Hg are less than standard ambient air quality in Environmental Ministry
regulation No.12 year 2010, except average daily consentration of NO 2 is more than
standard ambient air quality.

4.11. Sediment Sample

Sediment samples were taken at four location points in the survey area. From this
sample then testing is done in the laboratory to determine the type and grain size of
the sediment. Sediment testing was conducted at the PUSAIR Laboratorium,
Bandung. The distribution of sediment sample points can be seen in the figure below.

Table 4.54. Coordinate of Sediment Sample

WGS 1984 UTM Zone 49 S

Point
Easting (m) Northing (m)
SS01 184291.96 9704159.48
SS02 184807.568 9703880.386
SS03 182886.773 9704095.293

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Figure 4.66. Distribution of Sediment Sample

From each sample, the result from labotarory test can be seen in table below

Table 4.55. Sediment Laboratory Test Result

Percentage (%) D50 (mm)

Sample Type
Gravel Sand Silt Clay
SS-01 silty SAND - 86.72 13.28 - 0.112
SS-02 silty SAND - 70.21 29.79 - 0.103
SS-03 clayey sandy SILT - 23.66 53.54 22.80 0.014

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