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Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller Using Arduino

This Arduino project uses an ultrasonic sensor to measure water level in a tank. The sensor detects the distance to the water surface and an LCD display shows the water level. When the level is low, a water pump is turned on. When the tank is full, the pump is turned off. The Arduino code defines pins, initializes devices, calculates distance from sensor readings, and controls the pump and display based on the water level conditions.

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Shishir Zaman
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190 views

Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller Using Arduino

This Arduino project uses an ultrasonic sensor to measure water level in a tank. The sensor detects the distance to the water surface and an LCD display shows the water level. When the level is low, a water pump is turned on. When the tank is full, the pump is turned off. The Arduino code defines pins, initializes devices, calculates distance from sensor readings, and controls the pump and display based on the water level conditions.

Uploaded by

Shishir Zaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Water Level Indicator and

Controller using Arduino


In this Arduino based automatic water level indicator and controller project we are
going to measure the water level by using ultrasonic sensors. Basic principal of ultrasonic
distance measurement is based on ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in
environment then they return back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any obstacle. So
we have to only calculate its traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and
returning time to origin after striking on any obstacle. And after some calculation we can get
a result that is the distance. This concept is used in our water controller project where the
water motor pump is automatically turned on when water level in the tank becomes low.
You can also check this simple water level indicator circuit for a simpler version of this
project.

Components
1. Arduino Uno
2. Ultrasonic sensor Module
3. 16x2 LCD
4. Relay 6 Volt
5. ULN2003
6. 7806
7. PVT
8. Copper wire
9. 9 volt battery or
12 Voltadaptor
10. Connecting wires
Ultrasonic Sensor Module

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is used to measure distance in range of 2cm-400cm with


accuracy of 3mm. The sensor module consists of ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and the
control circuit.
The ultrasonic sensor module works on the natural phenomenon of ECHO of sound. A
pulse is sent for about 10us to trigger the module. After which the module automatically
sends 8 cycles of 40 KHz ultrasound signal and checks its echo. The signal after striking
with an obstacle returns back and is captured by the receiver. Thus the distance of the
obstacle from the sensor is simply calculated by the formula given as

            Distance= (time x speed)/2.

Here we have divided the product of speed and time by 2 because the time is the total time
it took to reach the obstacle and return back. Thus the time to reach obstacle is just half the
total time taken.

Working of Automatic Water Level Controller


Working of this project is very simple we have used Ultrasonic sensor module which sends
the sound waves in the water tank and detects reflection of sound waves that is ECHO.
First of all we needs to trigger the ultrasonic sensor module to transmit signal by using
Arduino and then wait to receive ECHO. Arduino reads the time between triggering and
received ECHO.  We know that speed of sound is around 340 m/s. so we can calculate
distance by using given formula:

Distance= (travel time/2) * speed of sound

Where speed of sound is approximately 340m per second.

By using this methods we gets distance from sensor to water surface. After it we need to
calculate water level.

Now we need to calculate the total length of water tank. As we know the length of water
tank then we can calculate the water level by subtracting resulting distance coming from
ultrasonic from total length of tank. And we will get the water level distance. Now we can
convert this water level in to the percent of water, and can display it on LCD. The working of
the complete water level indicator project is shown in below block diagram.
Circuit Diagram and Explanation
As shown in the water level controller circuit given below, Ultrasonic sensor module’s
“trigger” and “echo” pins are directly connected to pin 10 and 11 of arduino. A 16x2 LCD is
connected with arduino in 4-bit mode. Control pin RS, RW and En are directly connected to
arduino pin 7, GND and 6. And data pin D4-D7 is connected to 5, 4, 3 and 2 of arduino, and
buzzer is connected at pin 12. 6 Volt relay is also connected at pin 8 of arduino
through ULN2003 for turning on or turning off the water motor pump. A voltage regulator
7805 is also used for providing 5 volt to relay and to remaining circuit.
In this circuit Ultrasonic sensor module is placed at the top of bucket (water tank) for
demonstration. This sensor module will read the distance between sensor module and
water surface, and it will show the distance on LCD screen with message “Water Space in
Tank is:”. It means we are here showing empty place of distance or volume for water
instead of water level. Because of this functionality we can use this system in any water
tank. When empty water level reaches at distance about 30 cm then Arduino turns ON the
water pump by driving relay. And now LCD will show “LOW Water Level” “Motor turned
ON”, and Relay status LED will start glowing

Now if the empty space reaches at distance about 12 cm arduino turns OFF the relay and
LCD will show “Tank is full” “Motor Turned OFF”. Buzzer also beep for some time and relay
status LED will turned OFF.
Programming
To program Arduino for water level controller, first we define all the pin that we are going
to use in the project for interfacing external devices like relay, LCD, buzzer etc.

#define trigger 10

#define echo 11

#define motor 8

#define buzzer 12

Then we initialize all the devices used in project.

lcd.begin(16,2);

pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);

pinMode(echo,INPUT);

pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);

pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

lcd.print(" Water Level ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" Indicator ");

delay(2000);

Now initialize the ultrasonic sensor module and read time of sending and receiving time of
ultrasonic waves or sound by using pulseIn(pin). Then perform calculations and display
the result on 16x2 LCD by using appropriate functions.

digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);
time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);

distance=time*340/20000;

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Water Space In ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Tank is: ");

lcd.print(distance);

lcd.print("Cm");

After it we check conditions if water tank is full or water level is LOW, and take actions
accordingly.

if(distance<12 && temp==0)

digitalWrite(motor, LOW);

digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");

delay(2000);

digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);

delay(3000);

temp=1;

}
else if(distance<12 && temp==1)

digitalWrite(motor, LOW);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");

delay(5000);

Code
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
 
#define trigger 10
#define echo 11
#define motor 8
#define buzzer 12
 
LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,5,4,3,2);
 
float time=0,distance=0;
int temp=0; 
void setup()
{
 lcd.begin(16,2);
 pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);
 pinMode(echo,INPUT);
 pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
 lcd.print("  Water Level ");
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 lcd.print("   Indicator  ");
 delay(2000);
}
 
void loop()
{
 lcd.clear();
 digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
 delayMicroseconds(2);
 digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);
 delayMicroseconds(10);
 digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
 delayMicroseconds(2);
 time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);
 distance=time*340/20000;
 lcd.clear();
 lcd.print("Water Space In  ");
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 lcd.print("Tank is: ");
 lcd.print(distance);
 lcd.print("Cm");
 delay(2000);
 if(distance<12 && temp==0)
 {
     digitalWrite(motor, LOW);
     digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
     lcd.clear();
     lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");
     lcd.setCursor(0,1);
     lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");
     delay(2000);
     digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
     delay(3000);
     temp=1;
 }
 
  else if(distance<12 && temp==1)
 {
     digitalWrite(motor, LOW);
     lcd.clear();
     lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");
     lcd.setCursor(0,1);
     lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");
     delay(5000);
 }
 
 else if(distance>30)
 {
   digitalWrite(motor, HIGH);
   lcd.clear();
   lcd.print("LOW Water Level");
   lcd.setCursor(0,1);
   lcd.print("Motor Turned ON");
   delay(5000);
   temp=0;
 }
}

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