RAM Connection

CONNECT Edition (v12.0)

Verification Manual
Last Updated: March 08, 2018
 Table of Contents
Chapter 1: AISC Verification Examples ........................................................................................ 4
1.1 Base Plate Bearing on Concrete ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Welded/Bolted Wide Tee Connection to an HSS Column .................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Double Angle Connection to an HSS Column ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Unstiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column .................................................................................................................. 9
1.5 Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange) .......................11
1.6 Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange) .......................13
1.7 All Bolted Double Angle Connection in a Coped Beam ....................................................................................................... 15
1.8 Bolted Flange-Plated FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange) ..................................................................17
1.9 Moment Frame Beam-to-Column Connection ........................................................................................................................ 19
1.10 OMF Beam-Column Connection .................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.11 SMF Beam-Column Connection .....................................................................................................................................................23
1.12 SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection ................................................................................................................................................. 25
1.13 SMF Beam-Column Connection .....................................................................................................................................................29
1.14 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Tension: Simplified Method .....................................................................................................31
1.15 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: Simplified Method .......................................................................................... 32
1.16 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Tension: General Method ..........................................................................................................32
1.17 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: General Method ............................................................................................... 33
1.18 Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Tension: Simplified Method ...............................................................34
1.19 Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Compression: Simplified Method .................................................... 35
1.20 Tubular Truss – Y-Connection with round HSS ..................................................................................................................... 36
1.21 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with round HSS ............................................................................................37
1.22 Tubular Truss – Cross-Connection with rectangular HSS ................................................................................................. 38
1.23 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with rectangular HSS ................................................................................ 39
1.24 Tubular Truss – Gapped K-Connection with square HSS and unbalanced branch loads .....................................40
1.25 Tubular Truss – Joint A – Gapped K Connection ....................................................................................................................41
1.26 Tubular Truss – Joint B – K Connection ....................................................................................................................................42
1.27 Tubular Truss – Joint C – Cross Connection ............................................................................................................................ 43
1.28 Tubular Truss – Joint A – Gapped K Connection ....................................................................................................................43
1.29 Tubular Truss – Joint B – Gapped K Connection ....................................................................................................................44
1.30 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Rectangular Members ........................................................ 45
1.31 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Round Members ....................................................................47
1.32 Tubular Truss – KT Connection - Rectangular ....................................................................................................................... 47
1.33 Tubular Truss – KT Connections – Round ................................................................................................................................48
1.34 Tubular Truss – Round branch to rectangular Chord connections ............................................................................... 49
Chapter 2: Eurocode Verification Examples ..............................................................................51
2.1 Fin Plates - Beam to Beam ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
2.2 Double Cleats Aangle – Beam to Column Web – Tying Resistance ................................................................................ 52
2.3 Partial Depth End Plate – Beam to Hollow Section Column ............................................................................................. 53
2.4 Column Splice – End Plate with Rectangular Column ......................................................................................................... 54
2.5 Column Splice – End Plate with Circular Column ..................................................................................................................55
2.6 Column splice – Web Angle Cleats, Bearing Splice (No Net Tension) .......................................................................... 56
2.7 Beam Splice – Web Cover Plate .....................................................................................................................................................56
2.8 Column Splice – Flange Cover Plate, Nonbearing Splice .................................................................................................... 57

RAM Connection 2 Verification Manual

 2.9 Bolted End Plate Connection (Unstiffened) .............................................................................................................................59
2.10 Bolted End Plate Haunched ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
2.11 Unstiffened Column Base Plate ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
2.12 Base Plate ................................................................................................................................................................................................64
2.13 Bracing Connection ............................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Chapter 3: Indian Verification Examples ................................................................................... 67
3.1 Seating angle – Beam to Column Flange ....................................................................................................................................67
3.2 Moment angle – Beam to Column Flange ..................................................................................................................................68
3.3 Double cleat angle – Beam to Column Flange ......................................................................................................................... 68
3.4 Seating angle - Beam to Column Web .........................................................................................................................................69
3.5 Base plate - Column base ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
3.6 Flange Cover Plate - Column splice ............................................................................................................................................. 71
3.7 Flange cover plate - Column splice .............................................................................................................................................. 71
3.8 Base plate - Column base ................................................................................................................................................................. 72
3.9 Seating angle - Beam to column flange ...................................................................................................................................... 73
3.10 Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange ............................................................................................................................74
3.11 End plate - Beam to column flange .............................................................................................................................................. 75
3.12 Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange ............................................................................................................................76
3.13 Moment angle - Beam to column flange .................................................................................................................................... 77
3.14 Left beam double cleat angle - Beam to Girder ...................................................................................................................... 78
3.15 Right beam double cleat angle - Beam to Girder ................................................................................................................... 78
3.16 Flange cover plate - Beam splice .................................................................................................................................................. 79
3.17 Web cover plate - Beam splice .......................................................................................................................................................80
3.18 Flange cover plate - Column splice .............................................................................................................................................. 81
3.19 Web cover plate - Column splice .................................................................................................................................................. 81
3.20 Flange cover plate - Column splice .............................................................................................................................................. 82
3.21 Seating angle - Beam to Column Flange .................................................................................................................................... 83

RAM Connection 3 Verification Manual

 AISC Verification Examples
1
1.1 Base Plate Bearing on Concrete
Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p J-16

Problem
From the reference:

An ASTM A992 W12×96 column bears on a 24-in. × 24-in. concrete

pedestal with f′c = 3 ksi. The space between the base plate and the
concrete pedestal has grout with f′c = 4 ksi. Design the ASTM A36 base
plate to support the following loads in axial compression:

PD = 115 kips
PL = 345 kips

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Pu = 1.2(115 kips) + 1.6(345 kips) = 690 kips

Comparison
Table 1: Comparison with AISC Design Example J-7

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

A1 (in2) 484 484 none

A2 (in2) 576 576 none

RAM Connection 4 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Base Plate Bearing on Concrete

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

m (in) 4.97 4.97 none

n (in) 6.12 6.12 none

ϕPp (kips) 875.161 875 none

Cocnrete brearing 875.16 875 < 1%

strength, LRFD (kips)

Concrete bearing strength, 582.86 583 < 1%

ASD (kips)

Notes:
1. RAM Connection reports the Pp separately, and multiplying by ϕ = 0.65 gives a value of 875.16 kips.

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab
• Joint = CB
• Column/Section = W 12x96
• Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50 (from AISC database and according to the reference)
Loads tab
• Axial = -690 kips
The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Base Plate group
• Longitudinal dimension = 22 in.
• Transverse dimension = 22 in.
• Thickness = 2 in.
Support group
• Longitudinal dimension = 24 in.
• Transverse dimension = 24 in.
• Material = C 3-40
Anchor group
• Longitudinal edge distance on the plate = 2 in.
• Transverse edge distance on the plate = 2 in.

RAM Connection 5 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Welded/Bolted Wide Tee Connection to an HSS Column

Note: Any anchor bolt diameter and material may be used for this comparison, as these values
do not affect the compared results with the reference.

1.2 Welded/Bolted Wide Tee Connection to an HSS Column

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p K-2

Problem
From the reference:

Design a connection between an ASTM A992 W16×50 beam and an ASTM

A500 Grade B HSS8×8×4 column using an ASTM A992 WT5×24.5. Use w-
in.-diameter ASTM A325-N bolts in standard holes with a bolt spacing, s,
of 3 in., vertical edge distance Lev of 14 in. and 3 in. from the weld line to
the bolt line. Design as a flexible connection for the following vertical
shear loads:

PD = 6.20 kips
PL = 18.5 kips

Note: A tee with a flange width wider than 8 in. was

selected to provide sufficient surface for flare bevel
groove welds on both sides of the column, because
the tee will be slightly offset from the column
centerline.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Vu = 1.2(6.20) + 1.6(18.5) = 37.0 kips

Comparison
Table 2: Comparison with AISC Design Example K-1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Tee Bolt Shear (kips) 17.9 17.9 none

Stem shear yielding 117.3 117 < 1%

strength

RAM Connection 6 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Double Angle Connection to an HSS Column

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Stem shear rupture 79.56 79.5 < 1%

strength

Stem block shear rupture 97.21 97.3 < 1%

strength

Weld capacity 84.6 106 Connector does not fit in

support. Additionally,
RAM Connection does not
have the weld type for the
standard tee used in the
example.

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 16x50
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = HSS_SQR 8x8x1_4
Column/Material = H500 GrB Rectangular

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 37 kips

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:

Tee group:

Tee section = WT 5x24.5 (from AISC database)

Material = A992 Gr50 (from AISC database, according to the reference example)
Rows of Bolts, nr = 4
Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.25 in
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.99 in

RAM Connection 7 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Double Angle Connection to an HSS Column

1.3 Double Angle Connection to an HSS Column

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p K-13

Problem
From the reference:

Use AISC Manual Tables 10-1 and 10-2 to design a double-angle

connection for an ASTM A992 W36x231 beam to an ASTM A500 Grade B
HSS14x14x½ column. Use ¾-in.-diameter ASTM A325-N bolts in
standard holes. The angles are ASTM A36 material. Use 70-ksi electrodes.
The bottom flange cope is required for erection. Use the following vertical
shear loads:

PD = 37.5 kips
PL = 113 kips

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(37.5) + 1.6(113) = 226 kips

Comparison
Table 3: Comparison with AISC Design Example K-3

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Bolt Shear, LRFD (kips) 286.4 286 < 1%

Weld Strength, LRFD 278.9 279 < 1%

(kips)

Bolt Shear, ASD (kips) 190.9 191 < 1%

Weld Strength, ASD (kips) 186.0 186 none

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:

RAM Connection 8 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Unstiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column

Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 36x231
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = HSS_SQR 14x14x1_2
Column/Material = H500 GrB Rectangular

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 226 kips

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:

Members/Coped group:

Bottom coped depth, dcb = 2 in

Bottom coped length, cb = 3 in

Note: These values are both used for demonstrative purposes, as the example does not provide
cope dimensions.

Angle group:

Angle section = LU 4x3-1_2x3_8 (from AISC database, according to the example)

Rows of bolts, nr = 8

Tee group:

Weld size to support (1/16s in), D2 = 5

1.4 Unstiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p K-16

Problem
From the reference:

Use AISC Manual Table 10-6 to design an unstiffened seated connection

for an ASTM A992 W21×62 beam to an ASTM A500 Grade B HSS12×12×2
column. The angles are ASTM A36 material. Use 70-ksi electrodes. Use the
following vertical shear loads:

PD = 9.00 kips

RAM Connection 9 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Unstiffened Seated Connection to an HSS Column

PL = 27.0 kips

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(9.00) + 1.6(27.0) = 54 kips

Comparison
Table 4: Comparison with AISC Design Example K-4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Weld Strength, LRFD 66.74 66.7 < 1%

(kips)

Weld Strength, ASD (kips) 44.49 44.5 < 1%

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 21x62
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Beam/Beam setback, sb = 0.75 in.
Column/Section = HSS_SQR 12x12x1_2
Column/Material = A500 GrB Rectangular

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 54 kips

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:

Members group:

Beam setback, sb = 0.75 in.

Unstiffened Seated / Seat Angle group:

Seat angle section = LU 8x4x5_8

Seat angle length, c = 8 in.
Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 5.5 in.
Weld size to support (1/16s in), D2 = 5

RAM Connection 10 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

Unstiffened Seated / Top Angle group:

Seat angle section = LU 4x4x1_4

Weld size to support (1/16s in), D1 = 3

1.5 Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection

(Beam to Column Flange)
Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p IIB-22

Problem
From the reference:

Design a four-bolt unstiffened extended end-plate FR moment connection

between an ASTM A992 W18×50 beam and an ASTM A992 W14×99
column flange to transfer the following vertical shear forces and strong-
axis moments:

VD = 7 kips and MD = 42 kip·ft

VL = 21 kips and ML = 126 kip·ft

Use ASTM A325-N snug-tight bolts in standard holes and 70-ksi

electrodes. The plate is ASTM A36 material.
a. Use the design procedure from AISC Steel Design Guide 4 Extended
End-Plate Moment Connections. Seismic and Wind Applications (Murray
and Sumner, 2003).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(7) + 1.6(21) = 42 kips
Mu = 1.2(42) + 1.6(126) = 252 kip·ft

RAM Connection 11 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

Comparison
Table 5: Comparison with AISC Design Example II.B-4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Additional Calculation of 19.22 19.2 < 1%

H0 (in.)

Additional Calculation of 15.65 15.6 < 1%

H1 (in.)

End plate yield line 2.74 2.74 none

mechanism, s (in.)

Yp (in) 139.9 140 < 1%

End plate shear yielding 145.8 146 < 1%

(kips)

Available strength due to 137.0 137 none

shear rupture (kips)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 18x50
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W14x99
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 42 kips
M33 (beam) = 252 kip·ft

Select the Smart Connections/Smart MEP Extended both ways (DG4/Seismic) connection type.
The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Moment End Plate group:

Plate thickness, tp = 1 in.

Top flange weld type = fillet
Bottom flange weld type = fillet
Bolts = 1"⌀ A325N

RAM Connection 12 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 4 in.

Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.75 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.75 in.
Distance from first interior bolt centerline to the beam flange, pfi = 1.5 in.
distance from the outer bolt centerline to the beam flange, pfo = 1.5 in.

1.6 Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection

(Beam to Column Flange)
Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p IIB-22

Problem
From the reference:

Design a four-bolt unstiffened extended end-plate FR moment connection

between an ASTM A992 W18×50 beam and an ASTM A992 W14×99
column flange to transfer the following vertical shear forces and strong-
axis moments:

VD = 7 kips and MD = 42 kip·ft

VL = 21 kips and ML = 126 kip·ft

Use ASTM A325-N snug-tight bolts in standard holes and 70-ksi

electrodes. The plate is ASTM A36 material.
b. Use design procedure 2 (then end-plate and larger diameter bolts)
from AISC Design Guide 16, Flush and Extended Multiple-Row Moment
End-Plate Connections (Murray and Shoemaker, 2002).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(7) + 1.6(21) = 42 kips
Mu = 1.2(42) + 1.6(126) = 252 kip·ft

RAM Connection 13 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Four Bolt Unstiffened Extended End Plate FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

Comparison
Table 6: Comparison with AISC Design Example II.B-4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

w' (in.) 2.69 2.69 none

a1 (in.) 2.38 2.34 1.7% (rounding of small

numbers)

Fi' (kips) 30.41 30.4 < 1%

Qmax,i (kips) 6.09 6.10 < 1%

a0 (in.) 1.5 1.50 none

F0' 30.41 30.4 < 1%

Qmax,o (kips) 9.67 9.68 < 1%

ϕMn (kip·ft) 272.7 273 < 1%

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 18x50
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W14x99
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 42 kips
M33 (beam) = 252 kip·ft

Select the Smart Connections/Smart MEP Extended both ways (DG4/Seismic) connection type.
The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Moment End Plate group:

Plate thickness, tp = 0.875 in.

Flush extension length = 0.1 in.
Top flange weld type = fillet
Bottom flange weld type = fillet

RAM Connection 14 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
All Bolted Double Angle Connection in a Coped Beam

Bolts = 1"⌀ A325N

Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 4 in.
Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.5 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.75 in.
Distance from first interior bolt centerline to the beam flange, pfi = 1.5 in.
Distance from the outer bolt centerline to the beam flange, pfo = 1.5 in.
Number of bolt rows = 1 (for bolt group bottom flange, per the reference)

1.7 All Bolted Double Angle Connection in a Coped Beam

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p. IIA-9

Problem
From the reference:

Use AISC Manual Table 10-1 to select an all-bolted double-angle

connection between an ASTM A992 W18×50 beam and an ASTM A992
W21×62 girder web to support the following beam end reactions:

RD = 10 kips
RL = 30 kips

The beam top flange is coped 2 in. deep by 4 in. long, Lev = 1¼ in., Leh =
1¾ in. Use ¾-in.-diameter ASTM 325-N or F1852-N bolts in standard
holes and ASTM A36 angles

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(10) + 1.6(30) = 60 kips

Comparison
Table 7: Comparison with AISC Design Example II.A-4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Bolt bearing on girder 210.6 210 < 1%

web (kips)

RAM Connection 15 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
All Bolted Double Angle Connection in a Coped Beam

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Flexural local web 234.6 234 < 1%

buckling (kips)

Shear yielding of beam 170.4 170 < 1%

web (kips)

Shear rupture of beam 138.9 139 < 1%

web (kips)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BG
Beam/Section = W 18x50
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W21x62
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 60 kips

Select the Smart Connections/Smart DA All bolted connection type.

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Members group:

Top cope depth, dct = 2 in.

Top copy length, ct = 4 in.

Angle / Beam Side group:

Angle section = LU 4X3-1_2X1_4

Angle position on beam = top
Distance to beam top, dtop = 2 in.
Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.25 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.75 in.

Angle / Support Side group:

Number of bolt rows, nr = 3

Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.25 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.0625 in.

RAM Connection 16 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Bolted Flange-Plated FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

1.8 Bolted Flange-Plated FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column

Flange)
Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2011. Design Examples V14.1 . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction. p IIB-22

Problem
From the reference:

Design a bolted flange-plated FR moment connection between an ASTM

A992 W18×50 beam and an ASTM A992 W14× 99 column flange to
transfer the following vertical shear forces and strong-axis moments:

VD = 7.0 kips and MD = 42 kip·ft

VL = 21 kips and ML = 126 kip·ft

Use 7/8-in.-diameter ASTM A325-N or F1852-N bolts in standard holes

and 70-ksi electrodes. The flange plates are ASTM A36 material. Check
the column for stiffening requirements.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
Vu = 1.2(7) + 1.6(21) = 42 kips
Mu = 1.2(42) + 1.6(126) = 252 kip·ft

Comparison
Table 8: Comparison with AISC Design Example II.B-1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Flange plate tensile 170.1 170 < 1%

strength (kips)

Flange plate tensile 163.1 164 < 1%

rupture (kips)

Flange plate block shear 320.4 320 < 1%

rupture (kips)

RAM Connection 17 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Bolted Flange-Plated FR Moment Connection (Beam to Column Flange)

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Flange local bending of 171.1 171 < 1%

column (kips)

Web local yielding of 185.9 186 < 1%

column (kips)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 18x50
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W14x99
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 42 kips
M33 (beam) = 252 kip·ft

Select the Smart Connections/Smart FP Bolted connection type.

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Flange Plate group:

Top plate thickness, tp = 0.75 in.

Bottom plate thickness, tpb = 0.75 in.

Flange Plate / Beam Side group:

Bolts = 7/8"⌀ A325N

Number of bolt rows = 4
Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 4 in.
Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.5 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.5 in.
Longitudinal distance to beam edge (top plate), ef = 2 in.
Longitudinal distance to beam edge (bottom plate), efb = 2 in.

Flange Plate / Support Side group:

Weld size to support (1/16s in), D2 = 6

RAM Connection 18 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Moment Frame Beam-to-Column Connection

1.9 Moment Frame Beam-to-Column Connection

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2010. Seismic Design Manual . Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction.

Problem
Refer to Joint JT-1 in Figure 3-2 of the reference. Design a bolted flange-plated fully restrained moment
connection between Beam BM-1 and Column CL-1. The beam and column are ASTM A992 W-shpaes and ASTM
A36 is used for the connecting material. Use ASTM A325-N bolts and 70-ksi electrodes.
From the reference:

LRFD

Vu = 33.9 kips
Mu = 316 kip·ft

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 9: Comparison with AISC Seismic Design Example 3.4.4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Available flexural strength 351.9 352 < 1%

of beam (kip·ft)

Available bearing strength 628.8 627 < 1%

of beam flange (kips)

Flange plate block shear 320.4 320 < 1%

rupture (kips)

Flange local bending of 171.1 171 < 1%

column (kips)

Web local yielding of 185.9 186 < 1%

column (kips)

RAM Connection 19 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
OMF Beam-Column Connection

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 18x55
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W 12x87
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 33.9 kips

M33 (beam) = 316 kip·ft

Select the Smart Connections/Smart FP Bolted connection type.

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Flange Plate group:

Top plate thickness, tp = 1 in.

Bottom plate thickness, tpb = 1 in.

Flange Plate / Beam Side group:

Bolts = 7/8"⌀ A325N (from AISC database, according to the example)

Number of bolt rows, nr = 5
Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 4 in.
Longitudinal distance to top plate edge, Lev = 2 in.
Transverse distance to top plate edge, Leh = 1.5 in.
Longitudinal distance to bottom plate edge, Levb = 2 in.
Transverse distance to bottom plate edge, Lehb = 1.5 in.
Longitudinal distance to beam edge (top plate), ef = 2 in.
Longitudinal distance to beam edge (bottom plate), efb = 2 in.

Flange Plate / Support Side group:

Weld size to support (1/16s in), D2 = 9

RAM Connection 20 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
OMF Beam-Column Connection

1.10 OMF Beam-Column Connection

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2010. Seismic Design Manual. Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction.

Problem
Refer to Joint JT-1 in Figure 4-2 of the reference. Design a fully restrained (FR) moment connection for the
configuration shown in Figure 4-3 of the reference. The beam and column are ASTM A992 W-shapes and the
plate material is ASTM A36. Use 70-ksi electrodes and ASTM A325 bolts.
To avoid the field welding requirements associated with the prescriptive connection described in AISC Seismic
Provisions Section E1.6b(c), an eight-bolt stiffened end-plate connection is used.
The required shear strengths for the column based on a second-order analysis are given in Example 4.2.2. The
other shear forces acting at the beam end simultaneously with Emh are:

VD = 4.86 kips
VS = 6.49 kips

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
VEV = 0.2SDSD = 0.2×(0.528)×(4.86 kips) = 0.513 kips

Comparison
Table 10: Comparison with AISC Seismic Design Example 4.2.4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Necessary parameters for 2.65 2.65 none

end plate thickness, s (in.)

Yp 231.8 232 < 1%

Necessary parameters for 2.56 2.56 none

column flange flexural
strength, s (in.)

Necessary parameters for 2.01 2.02 < 1%

column flange flexural
strength (psi)

Yc 239.0 239 none

RAM Connection 21 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
OMF Beam-Column Connection

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Available strength of 2,911 2,910 < 1%

stiffened column flange
(kips)

Beam web weld strength 170.1 14.2 kip/in (170.4 kip/ft) < 1%
to reach yield stress
(kip/ft)

Available strength per 36.45 (72.9 kips over 2 36.5 < 1%

stiffener (kips) stiffeners)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 18x40
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W 12x35
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Seismic load resisting system = OMF (set

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) = 15.9 kips

Beam / Axial = 69 kip (stiffener required strength)

Set the Seismic Parameters option in the Connection Design Configuration dialog.
Select the Smart Connections/Smart MEP Extended both ways (DG4/Seismic) connection type.
The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
Members group:

Thickness for beam stiffener = 0.4375 in.

Connector group:

Four/eight bolts in tension = 8 tension bolts

Plate thickness, tp = 0.625 in.

Connector / Beam Side group:

Top flange weld type = fillet

Top beam flange weld = E70XX
Weld size to top beam flange (1/16s in), D1 = 7
Bottom flange weld type = fillet

RAM Connection 22 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SMF Beam-Column Connection

Bottom beam flange weld = E70XX

Weld size to bottom beam flange (1/16s in), D3 = 7
Weld size to beam web (1/16s in), D2 = 4

Connector / Support Side group:

Bolts = 3/4"⌀ A325N

Gage (transverse center-to-center spacing), g = 4 in.
Vertical spacing between bolt rows, s = 3 in.
Vertical edge distance, Lev = 1.25 in.
Horizontal edge distance, Leh = 1.5 in.
Distance from first interior bolt centerline to the beam flange, pfi = 2 in.
Distance from the outer bolt centerline to the beam flange = 2 in.

Stiffeners / Transverse Stiffeners group:

Position = both
Full depth = Check (set the option)
Transverse stiffeners width, bs = 3 in.
Transverse stiffener thickness, ts = 0.50 in.
Material = A36
Welding electrode to support = E70XX
Weld size to support (1/16s in), D = 4

1.11 SMF Beam-Column Connection

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2010. Seismic Design Manual. Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction.

Problem
The SMF beam-column connection design presented in this example has been chosen to demonstrate the
application of the design provisions for prequalified RBS connections in accordance with ANSI/AISC 358. This
example demonstrates that the RBS geometry developed below is satisfactory. Some of the results from this
example are used in Example 4.3.3. The geometry of an RBS connection is not unique and alternative
configurations of the RBS geometry are possible.
Refer to Joint JT-1 in Figure 4-8 of the reference. Design the connection between Beam BM-1 and Column CL-1
using the reduced beam section (RBS) shown in Figure 4-9 of the reference. All beams and columns are ASTM
A992 W-shapes. Plate material is ASTM A572 Grade 50. The gravity loads on the beam are:

wD = 0.84 kip/ft
wL = 0.60 kip/ft

RAM Connection 23 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SMF Beam-Column Connection

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Calculations
VD = 30 ft × 0.94 kip/ft = 25.2 kips
VL = 30 ft × 0.60 kip/ft = 18 kips

Comparison
Table 11: Comparison with AISC Seismic Design Example 4.3.4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Mpr (kip·in) 8,655 8,670 < 1%

Vp (kips) 72.1 72.1 none

Mf (kip·in) 9,700 9,720 < 1%

Plastic moment of hte 11,000 11,000 none

beam based on the
expected yield stress
(kip·in)

Shear strength of the 480 480 none

panel zone (kips)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam/Section = W 24x76
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Column/Section = W 114x176
Column/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Seismic load resisting system = OMF (set

The following data can be added after the Seismic Parameters option is set in the Connection
Design Configuration dialog:

Seismic load resisting system = SMF

Beam/ Length, L = 30 ft.
Beam / Seismic Design / RBS Connection = Yes
Beam / Seismic Design / Horizontal distance to start of RBS cut, a = 5.5 in.
Beam / Seismic Design / Length of RBS cut, b = 18 in.

RAM Connection 24 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection

Beam / Seismic Design / RBS cut maximum depth, c = 2 in.

Beam / Seismic Design / Shear due to gravity loads between plastic hinges, Vg = 17.25 kips

Loads tab:

V2 (beam) DL = 25.2 kips

V2 (beam) LL = 18 kips

Note: Two load case types: DL and LL are added using the Load Conditions dialog.

Select the Smart Connections/Smart DW connection type.

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:
General Information group:

Design criteria / Frame stability considered in analysis = checked (set the option)

Stiffeners / Transverse Stiffeners group:

Position = both
Full depth = checked (set the option)
Transverse stiffeners width, bs = 5.5 in.
Corner clip length, cc = 1 in.
Corner clip width, cc = 1 in.
Transverse stiffener thickness, ts = 0.75 in.
Material = A572 Gr 50
Welding electrode to support = E70XX
Weld size to support (1/16s in), D = 8

Stiffeners / Column Web Panel Zone Stiffeners group:

Stiffener type = doubler plate

Position = one side
Stiffener thickness, ts = 0.50 in.
Material = A572 Gr 50
Weld type to column flange = fillet
Welding electrode to support = E70XX
Weld size to support (1/16s in), D = 3

Note: RAM Connection cannot use different dimensions for transverse stiffeners on both sides.

RAM Connection 25 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection

1.12 SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection

Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. 2010. Seismic Design Manual. Chicago, IL:American Institute of Steel
Construction.

Problem
An alternative design for Example 5.3.8 at Joint JT/1 of Figure 5-11 in the reference is presented here in this
example. Example 5.3.8 used separate gusset plates for each brace, while this example uses continuous “chevron
type” gusset plates for the top and bottom braces as shown in Figure 5-29 in the reference. This is a common
arrangement for this situation, and the example provides and admissible internal force distribution that differs
from the distribution used for the four separate gusset plates. All braces are ASTM A500 Grade B round HSS and
the beam is an ASTM A992 W27x114. For the connection, ASTM A36 plate material and 70-ksi electrodes are
used.
Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 12: Comparison with AISC Seismic Design Example 5.3.9

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Brace H1 (kips)1 -159.8 -160 < 1%

Interface
Forces V1 (kips)1 -159.8 -160 < 1%

H2 (kips)1 217.1 217 < 1%

V2 (kips)1 217.1 217 < 1%

H1 (kips)2 388.9 389 < 1%

V1 (kips)2 388.9 389 < 1%

H2 (kips)2 -314 -314 none

V2 (kips)2 -314 -314 none

Upper Gusset Nu (kips) 57.28 57 < 1%

Vu (kips) -376.9 -377 < 1%

Mu (kip·ft) -5,145 -5,160 < 1%

Gusset capacity (kips) 869.4 869 < 1%

RAM Connection 26 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Lower Gusset Nu (kips) 74.95 75 < 1%

Vu (kips) 702.9 703 < 1%

Mu (kip·ft) 9,594 9,630 < 1%

Gusset capacity (kips) 1,377 1,380 < 1%

Notes:
1. Refer to Figure 5-30a in the reference.
2. Refer to Figure 5-30b in the reference.

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = CVR
Actual members / Upper gusset = yes
Actual members / Lower gusset = yes
Beam/Section = W 27x114
Beam/Material = ASTM A992 Gr50
Upper right brace / Section = HSS_SQR 6x6x5_16
Upper right brace / Material = A500 GrB Rectangular
Upper left brace / Section = HSS_SQR 6x6x5_16
Upper left brace / Material = A500 GrB Rectangular
Lower right brace / Section = HSS_RND 6.875x0.500
Lower right brace / Material = A500 GrB Rounded
Lower left brace / Section = HSS_RND 6.875x0.500
Lower left brace / Material = A500 GrB Rounded

The following data can be added after the Seismic Parameters option is set in the Connection
Design Configuration dialog:

Braced frame system = SCBF

Loads tab:

Braces / Upper right brace = 307 kips

Braces / Upper left brace = -226 kips
Braces / Lower left brace = 550 kips
Braces / Lower right brace = -444 kips

Select the Gusset Connections/CVR connection type.

RAM Connection 27 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SCBF Brace-to-Brace Connection

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:

General Information group:

Design criteria / Dimensions calculation = Manual

Members group:

Upper right brace / Additional geometric data / Minimum distance to other members, Le = 8 in.
Upper right brace / Additional geometric data / Left distance, Le1 = 1 in.
Upper right brace / Additional geometric data / Right distance, Le2 = 1 in.
Upper right brace / Additional geometric data / Length on beam, LH = 23 in.
Upper left brace / Additional geometric data / Minimum distance to other members, Le = 8 in.
Upper left brace / Additional geometric data / Left distance, Le1 = 1 in.
Upper left brace / Additional geometric data / Right distance, Le2 = 1 in.
Upper left brace / Additional geometric data / Length on beam, LH = 23 in.
Lower right brace / Additional geometric data / Minimum distance to other members, Le = 10 in.
Lower right brace / Additional geometric data / Left distance, Le1 = 1 in.
Lower right brace / Additional geometric data / Right distance, Le2 = 1 in.
Lower right brace / Additional geometric data / Length on beam, LH = 25.5 in.
Lower left brace / Additional geometric data / Minimum distance to other members, Le = 10 in.
Lower left brace / Additional geometric data / Left distance, Le1 = 1 in.
Lower left brace / Additional geometric data / Right distance, Le2 = 1 in.
Lower left brace / Additional geometric data / Length on beam, LH = 25.5 in.

Interfaces group:

Upper gusset / General / Thickness, tp = 0.875 in.

Upper gusset / General / Material = A36
Upper gusset / Directly welded / Weld size to beam (1/16s in), D = 5
Upper right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on toe, Lt = 15 in.
Upper right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on heal, Lh = 15 in.
Upper right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Weld size (1/16s in), D = 4
Upper left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on toe, Lt = 15 in.
Upper left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on heal, Lh = 15 in.
Upper left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Weld size (1/16s in), D = 4
Lower gusset / General / Thickness, tp = 1.25 in.
Lower gusset / General / Material = A36
Lower gusset / Directly welded / Weld size to beam (1/16s in), D = 8
Lower right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on toe, Lt = 25 in.
Lower right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on heal, Lh = 25 in.
Lower right brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Weld size (1/16s in), D = 4
Lower left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on toe, Lt = 25 in.
Lower left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Length on heal, Lh = 25 in.
Lower left brace / Gusset-to-Brace connection / Weld size (1/16s in), D = 4

RAM Connection 28 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SMF Beam-Column Connection

1.13 SMF Beam-Column Connection

Reference
International Code Council. 2006. 2006 IBC Structural/Seismic Design Manual, Volume 3: Building Design
Examples for Steel and Concrete. Country Club Hills, IL:International Code Council

Problem
The RBS connection is a pre-qualified connection type per AISC 358. This design example follows the procedure
outlined in AISC 358 with reference to AISC 341 and AISC 360.
The basis for the prequalification of the RBS connection is widely attributed to initial RBS connection tests
conducted at the University of Texas Ferguson Laboratory (Engelhardt etal., 1996). Extensive additional testing
of RBS joint combinations performed as part of projects confirmed the viability of the connection using myriad
beam and column sizes. Further information on the research supporting the validity of pre/qualification
parameters may be found in FEMA-355D State of the Art Report on Connection Performance and AISC 358.
The following calculations comprise a design methodology that is inherently iterative and requires some
experience to gain proficiency. After considering code drift limits and evaluating several combinations for strong
column-weak beam and panel zone strength criteria, the combination of a W27x84 beam and W14x176 column
was selected for use in the factored load combinations (Part 5), and this combination of beam and column sizes
in the computer analysis results in overall frame drifts within the code limits (Part 4). The W14x176 column was
chosen to elucidate details associated with doubler plates and possibly reduce the cost of the frame. When given
the option, steel fabricators have elected W14x176 columns are to be full-height, one length. Full=height
columns without splices were found to be the least-cost option. Column splices in SMFs must comply with AISC
341. The reduced beam section (RBS) connection developed in this example is shown in Figure 3-8 and 3-13

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plastic section modulus at 169.3 168.95 < 1% (small difference

the RBS (in.3) may be due to error in
reference, which uses c =
2.25 in rather than the
cited value)

Maximum probable 10,707 10,686 < 1%

moment at the RBS
(kip·in)

Expected plastic moment 13,420 13,420 none

of the beam (kip·in)

Mf (kip·in) 12,424 12,403 < 1%

RAM Connection 29 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
SMF Beam-Column Connection

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Required shear strength 101 101 none

(kips)

Minimum required 1.67 1.66 < 1%

thickness of column flange
(in)

Panel zone shear strength 469.3 469 < 1%

(kips)

Input Data
The following data is input into the New Joint dialog:
Joint Data tab:

Joint = BCF
Beam / Section = W27x84
Beam / Material = ASTM A992 Gr 50
Column / Section = W14x176
Column / Material = ASTM A992 Gr 50

The following data can be added after the Seismic Parameters option is set in the Connection
Design Configuration dialog:

Seismic load resisting system = SMF

Beam / Length, L = 28 ft
Beam / Seismic Design / RBS Connection = Yes
Beam / Seismic Design / Horizontal distance to start of RBS cut, a = 6 in.
Beam / Seismic Design / Length of RBS cut, b = 22 in.
Beam / Seismic Design / RBS cut maximum depth, c = 2.24 in.
Beam / Seismic Design / Shear due to gravity loads between plastic hinges, Vg = 26.33 kips

Loads tab:

DL / V2 = 16.4 kips
DL / M33 = 86.83 kip·ft
LL / V2 = 13.3 kips
LL / M33 = 77 kip·ft
EQ / V2 = 19 kips
EQ M 33 = 256.9 kip·ft

Note: Three load case types: DL, LL, and EQ are added using the Load Conditions dialog. The
Generate Load Combinations dialog is then used to create a load combination per AISC 341-05
LRFD amplified seismic factored combos.

Select the Smart Connections/Smart DW connection type.

RAM Connection 30 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Horizontal Gusset Plate in Tension: Simplified Method

The following data is input into the Connection Pad:

General Information group:

Design criteria / Frame stability considered in analysis = checked (set the option)

1.14 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Tension: Simplified Method

Example 1 – Column beams horizontal bracing

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

Problem
From the reference:

Example 1.0 – Simplified Design Method - TENSION: In this example, the

strength the gusset plate shown in Figure 11 is calculated using the
simplified design method. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. The gusset plate is
3/8 in. thick of A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads are 50.0
kips tension/30 kips compression and 33.3 kips tension/20 kips
compression, respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

TENSION - Flexural 421.88 422 none

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in)

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 113 None

of Leg 1 (kips)

TENSION -Flexural 421.88 422 None

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in)

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 113 None

of Leg 2 (kips)

RAM Connection 31 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: Simplified Method

1.15 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: Simplified Method

Example 1 – Column beams horizontal bracing

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

Problem
From the reference:

Example 1.0 – Simplified Design Method - COMPRESSION: In this

example, the strength the gusset plate shown in Figure 11 is calculated
using the simplified design method. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. The gusset
plate is 3/8 in. thick of A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads
are 50.0 kips tension/30 kips compression and 33.3 kips tension/20 kips
compression, respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

COMPRESSION - Flexural 253.84 256 None (Difference due

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in) rounding)

COMPRESSION -Shear 1125.5 113 None

yielding of Leg 1 (kips)

COMPRESSION -Flexural 300.92 302 None (Difference due

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in) rounding)

COMPRESSION -Shear 112.5 113 None

yielding of Leg 2 (kips)

1.16 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Tension: General Method

Example 1 – Column beams horizontal bracing

RAM Connection 32 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: General Method

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

Problem
From the reference:

Example 1.0 – General Design Method - TENSION: In this example, the

strength the gusset plate shown in Figure 11 is calculated using the
simplified design method. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. The gusset plate is
3/8 in. thick of A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads are 50.0
kips tension/30 kips compression and 33.3 kips tension/20 kips
compression, respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 13:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

TENSION - Flexural 421.88 422 None

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in)

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 113 None

of Leg 1 (kips)

TENSION -Flexural 451.88 422 None

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in)

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 113 None

of Leg 2 (kips)

1.17 Horizontal Gusset Plate in Compression: General Method

Example 1 – Column beams horizontal bracing

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

RAM Connection 33 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Tension: Simplified Method

Problem
From the reference:

Example 1.0 – General Design Method - COMPRESSION: In this example,

the strength the gusset plate shown in Figure 11 is calculated using the
simplified design method. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. The gusset plate is
3/8 in. thick of A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads are 50.0
kips tension/30 kips compression and 33.3 kips tension/20 kips
compression, respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

COMPRESSION - Flexural 253.84 256 None (Difference due

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in) rounding)

COMPRESSION -Shear 1125.5 113 None

yielding of Leg 1 (kips)

COMPRESSION -Flexural 300.92 302 None (Difference due

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in) rounding)

COMPRESSION -Shear 112.5 113 None

yielding of Leg 2 (kips)

1.18 Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Tension: Simplified

Method
Example 3 – Column beams horizontal bracing

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

Problem
From the reference:

Example 2.0 - TENSION – In this example, a diagonal cut is added to the

gusset plate in Figure 11 as shown in Figure 12. The simplified design

RAM Connection 34 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Compression: Simplified Method

method is used to calculate the stregth. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. thick of
A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads are 60.0 kips tension/
35.0 kips compression and 40.0 kips tension/23.3 compression,
respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

TENSION - Flexural 421.88 422 None

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in)

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 113 None

of Leg 1 (kips)

TENSION -Flexural 421.88 827 Difference due to the

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in) program takes the gusset
leg depth in the border of
the plate in the beam
connection

TENSION -Shear yielding 112.5 132 Difference due to the

of Leg 2 (kips) program takes the gusset
leg depth in the border of
the plate in the beam
connection

1.19 Horizontal Gusset Plate with Diagonal Cut in Compression:

Simplified Method
Example 3 – Column beams horizontal bracing

Reference
Bo Dowswell, Fouad Fouad, James Davidson, and Robert Whyte (2017). “Design of Wrap-Around Gusset Plates,”
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 54, pp. 155-180.

Problem
From the reference:

Example 2.0 - COMPRESSION – In this example, a diagonal cut is added to

the gusset plate in Figure 11 as shown in Figure 12. The simplified design
method is used to calculate the strength. The gusset plate is 3/8 in. thick

RAM Connection 35 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Y-Connection with round HSS

of A572 Grade 50 material. The LFRD and ASD loads are 60.0 kips
tension/35.0 kips compression and 40.0 kips tension/23.3 compression,
respectively.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 14:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

COMPRESSION - Flexural 252.37 256 None (Difference due to

strength of Leg 1 (kip·in) rounding)

COMPRESSION -Shear 112.5 113 None

yielding of Leg 1 (kips)

COMPRESSION -Flexural 300.44 827 Difference due to the

strength of Leg 2 (kip·in) program takes the gusset
leg depth in the border of
the plate in the beam
connection

COMPRESSION -Shear 112.5 132 Difference due to the

yielding of Leg 2 (kips) program takes the gusset
leg depth in the border of
the plate in the beam
connection

1.20 Tubular Truss – Y-Connection with round HSS

Steel Design Guide 24 - Example 8.1

Reference
Packer, Jeffery A., Donald Sherman, and Maura Lecce. Hollow Structural Section Connections. Chicago, IL:
American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010. p. 100-102

Problem
From the reference:

Determine the adequacy of the welded HSS Y-connection under the

member loads shown in Figure 8-6. Loads consist of 25% dead load and
75% live load. Assume the welds are strong enough to develop the yield
strength of the connected branch wall at all locations around the branch.

RAM Connection 36 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with round HSS

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 15:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Chord plastification (kips) 91.91 91.8 None

Shear yielding (punching) 179.23 180 None

(kips)

1.21 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with round HSS

Steel Design Guide 24 - Example 8.2

Reference
Packer, Jeffery A., Donald Sherman, and Maura Lecce. Hollow Structural Section Connections. Chicago, IL:
American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010. p. 102-105

Problem
From the reference:

Verify the adequacy of the welded N-connection (a particular case of K-

connection) shown in the free-body diagram in Figure 8-7. Note that the
chord moment is necessary for the equilibrium because of the nodding
eccentricity. The connection is a balanced K-connection because the load
in the vertical compression branch member is equilibrated (within 20%)
by the vertical component of the tension branch member [see AISC
Specification Section K2(b)]. Note that the thicker branch member is the
through branch. For fabrication, the compression (through) branch is
tacked initially to the chord, the diagonal (overlapping) branch is then
tacked into place, and finally the whole connection is welded together.
The loads consist of live and dead loads in the ratio of 2.5:1. Assume the
welds are strong enough to develop the yield strength of the connected
branch wall at all locations around the branch.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 37 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Cross-Connection with rectangular HSS

Comparison
Table 16:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Overlapping branch - 2.27 2.28 None

Chord plastification – Q
(intermediate result)

Overlapped branch 193.59 194 None

(Compression) – Chord
plastification capacity
(kips)

Overlapping branch 252.71 254 None

(Tension) – Chord
plastification capacity
(kips)

1.22 Tubular Truss – Cross-Connection with rectangular HSS

Steel Design Guide 24 - Example 8.3

Reference
Packer, Jeffery A., Donald Sherman, and Maura Lecce. Hollow Structural Section Connections. Chicago, IL:
American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010. p. 106-110

Problem
From the reference:

Determine the adequacy of the welded HSS connection illustrated in

Figure 8-8 subject to the loads indicated. The connection behaves as a
planar cross-connection because the punching load is transmitted
through the chord member and is equilibrated by branch member forces
on the opposite side of the chord. The two branches on one side of the
chord, having a gap at the branch toes of 0.960 in. (just sufficient for
welding), can be considered to have a composite effect on the chord.
Assume the welds are strong enough to develop the yield strength of the
connected branch wall at all locations around the branch.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 38 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with rectangular HSS

Comparison
Table 17:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Local yielding of chord 474.27 442 None

sidewalls capacity (kips)

Local crippling of chord 150.71 75.4 None

sidewalls capacity (kips)

Local yielding of branch 209.17 209 None

due to uneven load
distribution (kips)

1.23 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K-Connection with rectangular HSS

Steel Design Guide 24 - Example 8.4

Reference
Packer, Jeffery A., Donald Sherman, and Maura Lecce. Hollow Structural Section Connections. Chicago, IL:
American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010. p. 110-115

Problem
From the reference:

A planar roof truss contains the welded HSS 45° overlapped K-connection
shown in Figure 8-9. Note that the chord moment is necessary for
equilibrium because of the nodding eccentricity. The connection is a
balanced K-connection because the vertical component of the
compression branch member force is equilibrated (within 20%) by the
vertical component of the tension branch member force [see AISC
Specification Section K2(b)]. The through branch is the wider and thicker
branch member. For fabrication the compression (through) branch is
tacked initially to the chord, the diagonal (overlapping) branch is then
tacked into place, and finally the whole connection is welded together.
The loads shown consist of live load and dead load in the ratio of 3:1.
Determine the adequacy of the connection under the given loads. Assume
the welds are strong enough to develop the yield strength of the
connected branch wall at all locations around the branch.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 39 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Gapped K-Connection with square HSS and unbalanced branch loads

Comparison
Table 18:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Overlapped - Local 250.84 236 None

yielding of branches due
to uneven load
distribution capacity
(kips)

Overlapping - Local 160.71 151 None

yielding of branches due
to uneven load
distribution capacity
(kips)

1.24 Tubular Truss – Gapped K-Connection with square HSS and

unbalanced branch loads
Steel Design Guide 24 - Example 8.5

Reference
Packer, Jeffery A., Donald Sherman, and Maura Lecce. Hollow Structural Section Connections. Chicago, IL:
American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010. p. 115-122

Problem
From the reference:

A planar roof truss contains the planar HSS 45° gapped K-connection
shown in Figure 8-10. Note that the chord moment is necessary for
equilibrium because of the noding eccentricity. Because the vertical
components of the branch member forces differ by more than 20%, the
connection must be treated as a combination of two types: a K-connection
and a cross-connection [see AISC Specification Section K2(b)], as will be
demonstrated. The loads shown consist of live load and dead load in the
ratio 3:1. Determine the adequacy of the HSS connection and also
consider the design of the welds.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 40 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Joint A – Gapped K Connection

Comparison
Table 19:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

K Gapped connection – 414.94 415 None

Branch chord wall
plastification capacity
(kips)

X connection – Branch 276.36 277 None

chord wall plastification
capacity (kips)

1.25 Tubular Truss – Joint A – Gapped K Connection

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.4

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 13-24

Problem
From the reference:

Full Truss Design Example – Rectangular Members. For Joint A the branch
forces are resisted completely by other members on the same side of the
chord; therefore this is a pure K connection.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 20:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Chord wall plastification 227.39 227 None

capacity (kips)

Shear yielding (punching) 379.38 379 None

capacity (kips)

RAM Connection 41 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Joint B – K Connection

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Shear of chord sidewall 196.89 197 None

capacity (kips)

Weld design intermediate 25.16 25.16 None

result – le (in)

1.26 Tubular Truss – Joint B – K Connection

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.4

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 13-24

Problem
From the reference:

Full Truss Design Example – Rectangular Members. For Joint A the loads
in the branches differ by more than 20%; therefore, this is not a pure K
connection. Branch members transmit part of their load to the other
branch (K connection) and part through the chord to be resisted by the
point load (cross connection). The strength of the connection is
determined by linear interaction of the proportion of the branch load
involved in each type of load transfer.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 21:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

K Gapped connection – 227.39 227 None

Branch chord wall
plastification capacity
(kips)

X connection – Branch 266.18 266 None

chord wall plastification
capacity (kips)

RAM Connection 42 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Joint C – Cross Connection

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Weld design intermediate 24.46 24.47 None

result – le (in)

1.27 Tubular Truss – Joint C – Cross Connection

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.4

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 13-24

Problem
From the reference:

Full Truss Design Example – Rectangular Members. For Joint C, the

branch force transfers through the chord to the support reaction;
therefore this is a cross connection.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 22:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

X-Connection – Chord wall 266.18 266 None

plastification capacity
(kips)

Weld design intermediate 24.46 24.47 None

result – le (in)

1.28 Tubular Truss – Joint A – Gapped K Connection

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.5

RAM Connection 43 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Joint B – Gapped K Connection

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 25-34

Problem
From the reference:

Full Truss Design Example – Round Members. For Joint A, the branch
forces are resisted completely by a branch on the same side of the chord –
therefore, this is a pure gapped K connection.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 23:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

K Gapped – Branch chord 392.42 392 None

wall plastification (kips)

K Gapped – Branch shear 507.76 508 None

yielding (punching) (kips)

Weld design – 0.181 0.181 None

Intermediate result – y

Weld design – 1.18 1.177 None

Intermediate result – ka

Weld design – 24.5 24.5 None

Intermediate result – le

1.29 Tubular Truss – Joint B – Gapped K Connection

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.5

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 25-34

RAM Connection 44 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Rectangular Members

Problem
From the reference:

Full Truss Design Example – Round Members. For Joint B, the branch
loads differ by more than 20% - therefore this is not a pure K connection.
Branch members transmit part of their load to the other branch (as a K
connection) and part through the chord to resist the applied point load
(as a cross connection). The strength of the connection is determined by
linear interaction of the proportion of the branch load involved in each
type of load transfer.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 24:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

K Connection – Chord wall 367.68 368 None

plastification (kips)

K Connection – Shear 507.76 508 None

yielding (punching) (kips)

Cross connection – Chord 305.35 326 6%1

plastification (kips)

Cross Connection – Shear 507.76 508 None

yielding (punching) (kips)

Weld design – 24.5 24.5 None

Intermediate result – le

Note: (1) Qf is calculated with Pro=0 for cross joint, but in the Ex4-1-4 Joint B, takes Pro>0 for cross joint.

1.30 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Rectangular

Members
HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.6.A

RAM Connection 45 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Rectangular Members

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 35-38

Problem
From the reference:

Overlapped K Connection Examples. Provide an overlap of lov = 6" –

overlap equals a negative gap. The overlap length is measured along the
connecting face of the chord beneath the two branches. Projected length
of the overlapping branch on the chord: lp = Hbi/sinꝊ = 5/sin35 =
8.72".

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 25:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Local yielding of branches 321.05 303 6%1

due to uneven load
distribution (kips)

Weld design – 4.76 4.76 None

Intermediate result
overlapped member –
beoj (in)

Weld design – 26.96 26.96 None

Intermediate result
overlapped member– lej
(in)

Weld design – 4.76 4.76 None

Intermediate result
overlapping member –
beov (in)

Weld design – 22.28 19 15%1

Intermediate result
overlapping member– lej
(in)

Note: (1) Effective width are different due to change in the formulas from AISC 360-10 to 2016 version.

RAM Connection 46 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Round Members

1.31 Tubular Truss – Overlapped K Connection Example – Round

Members
HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.6B

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 39-43

Problem
From the reference:

Overlapped K Connection Examples. Provide an overlap of lov = 4" –

overlap equals a negative gap. The overlap length is measured along the
connecting face of the chord beneath the two branches. Projected length
of the overlapping branch on the chord: lp = Dbi/sinꝊi = 4/sin55 =
4.88".

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 26:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Chord wall plastification 128.28 128 None

(kips)

1.32 Tubular Truss – KT Connection - Rectangular

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.7A

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 45-48

RAM Connection 47 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – KT Connections – Round

Problem
From the reference:

Determine the adequacy of the KT connection shown in the figure below.

The noding eccentricity is -1.08 in. Branch 3 has a 100% overlap with
branches 1 and 2.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 27:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Overlapped – Local 167.12 170.5 2%1

yielding of branch due an
uneven load distribution
(kips)

Overlapping – Local 167.12 133 26%1

yielding of branch due an
uneven load distribution
(kips)

Note: (1) The example considers 100% overlap for branch 3, but it has around 65%, which leads to a different
capacity value.

1.33 Tubular Truss – KT Connections – Round

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.7B

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 49-51

Problem
From the reference:

Determine the adequacy of the KT connection shown in the figure below.

The noding eccentricity is -2.5 in.

RAM Connection 48 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Round branch to rectangular Chord connections

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 28:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Compression branch 1 – 247.94 248 None

Chord wall plastification
capacity (kips)

Compression branch 3 – 189.94 190 None

Chord wall plastification
capacity (kips)

Compression branch 2 – 247.94 248 None

Chord wall plastification
capacity (kips)

1.34 Tubular Truss – Round branch to rectangular Chord connections

HSS Design Manual - Example 4-1.8A

Reference
Ericksen, Jason, et. al HSS Design Manual, Volume 4:Truss & Bracing Connections. Glenview, IL: Steel Tube
Institute, 2017. p. 53-55

Problem
From the reference:

Round branch to rectangular chord connections example. Verify the

adequacy of the K-connection shown in the figure below. The chord
members is a rectangular HSS member and the branches are round HSS
members. All members are ASTM A1085 steel. The loads on members are
shown in the figure. Assume the welds are strong enough to develop the
yield strength of the connected branch wall at all locations around the
branch.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 49 Verification Manual

AISC Verification Examples
Tubular Truss – Round branch to rectangular Chord connections

Comparison
Table 29:

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Intermediate result – beoi 5.52 5.52 None

(in)

Local yielding due to 405.98 374 8.6%1

uneven load distribution
capacity (kips)

Note: (1) Effective widths are different due to change in the formulas from AISC 360-10 to 2016 version.

RAM Connection 50 Verification Manual

 Eurocode Verification Examples
2
The following verification examples were designed per EN 1993: Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures.

2.1 Fin Plates - Beam to Beam

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 126-140. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Check the following beam to beam connection for the design forces
shown. Yellow pages are used for the initial selection of the connection
detail. A fin plate with a single vertical line of bolts would be adequate for
both connections in this example, but a double vertical line was used for
the 533 x 229 x 92 UKB in order to demonstrate the design checks
required for this configuration.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 30: Comparison with SCI P358 Fin Plate Example 1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Fin plate bolt group shear: VRd 584.07 577 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

Fin plate bolt group bearing : VRd 572.48 574 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

RAM Connection 51 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Double Cleats Aangle – Beam to Column Web – Tying Resistance

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Beam web bolt group bearing: VRd 562.63 565 none

(kN)

Fin plate shear at net section (kN) 537.99 538 None

Fin plate shear at gross section (kN) 450.06 450 None

Fin plate block tearing: VVd (kN) 494.38 494 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Fin plate lateral torsional buckling 742.5 743 None

on fin plates : VRd (kN)

Beam web in shear gross area: VRd 793.64 794 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

Beam web shear net section: VRd 836.6 837 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

Beam block tearing: VRd (kN) 480.51 481 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Moment resistance of the beam at 164.33 164 None

the notch in the presence of shear:
Mc,Rd (kN·m)

2.2 Double Cleats Aangle – Beam to Column Web – Tying Resistance

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 141-146. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Check the following beam to column connection for the tying force
shown.

Note: Fin plate example, but we use to test “Double cleats angle” similar capacities.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 52 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Partial Depth End Plate – Beam to Hollow Section Column

Comparison
Table 31: Comparison with SCI P358 Fin Plate Example 2

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle - beam side block tearing due 1,321 661 None (In reference the capacity is
to tension: FRd (kN) for one fin plate)

Angle – beam side bolt shear: FRd 855.27 428 None (In reference the capacity is
(kN) for one fin plate)

Angle – beam side bolt bearing due 1,129.48 560 None (In reference the capacity is
to tension: FRd (kN) for one fin plate)

Beam side block tearing due to 597.37 597 None (The difference is due to
tension: FRd (kN) rounding)

Beam side bolt bearing due to 429.20 432 None (The difference is due to
tension: FRd (kN) rounding)

2.3 Partial Depth End Plate – Beam to Hollow Section Column

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 50-58. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Check the following beam to hollow section column connection for the
design forces shown using property class 8.8 bolts in Flowdrill threaded
holes in the column.
Note:
The connections should be checked independently for (i) shear forces and
(ii) tying forces and not for both forces acting at the same time.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 53 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Column Splice – End Plate with Rectangular Column

Comparison
Table 32: Comparison with SCI P358 End Plates Example 3

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Shear resistance of beam web at the 620.59 621 None (The difference is due to
connection: Vpl,Rd (kN) rounding)

End plate bolt group shear: VVd 903.17 902 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

End plate shear at gross section: 1,290.17 1,290 None (The difference is due to
VVd (kN) rounding)

End plate shear at net section: VVd 1,539.07 1,539 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

End plate block tearing: VVd (kN) 1,194.99 1,195 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Web or wall local shear with one 1,332.24 1,332 None

beam: VVd (kN)

Web or wall local net shear with 1,196.43 1,233 None (Reference error; using d0 as
one beam: VVd (kN) bolt diameter and not hole
diameter)

Structural integrity (Plate side) 449.55 451 None (The difference is due to
Tension: FFd (kN) rounding)

Structural integrity (Beam side) 1,618.75 1,619 None (The difference is due to
Web in tension: FFd (kN) rounding)

Structural integrity (support side) 860.45 862 None (The difference is due to
Wall tying capacity: FFd (kN) rounding)

2.4 Column Splice – End Plate with Rectangular Column

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 215-218.. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

RAM Connection 54 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Column Splice – End Plate with Circular Column

Problem
From the reference:

Check the following connection for the design forces shown:

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 33: Comparison with SCI P358 Column Splices Example 4

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate and bolt tension: FFd (kN) 842.89 867 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Bolt tension: FFd (kN) 1,219.97 1,218 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

2.5 Column Splice – End Plate with Circular Column

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 219-223. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Check the following connection for the design forces shown:

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 34: Comparison with SCI P358 Column Splices Example 5

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate tension: FEd (kN) 1,031.14 1,030 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

RAM Connection 55 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Column splice – Web Angle Cleats, Bearing Splice (No Net Tension)

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate and bolt tension: FEd (kN) 1,063.34 1,061 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Bolt tension: FEd (kN) 1,626.62 1,624 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

2.6 Column splice – Web Angle Cleats, Bearing Splice (No Net Tension)
Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 198-201. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

A bearing splice for connecting two different size universal column

sections using external cover plates and with a division plate between.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Note: Example does not need checks on shear, because can be resisted by friction across the bearing surfaces.

Comparison
Table 35: Comparison with SCI P358 Column Splices Example 1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Geometric considerations: 127.05 127 None

Angle minimum length
(mm)

Geometric considerations: 25.7 25.7 None

Bearing plate thickness
(mm)

RAM Connection 56 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Column Splice – Flange Cover Plate, Nonbearing Splice

2.7 Beam Splice – Web Cover Plate

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2013. Joints in Steel Construction – Moment-Resisting Joints to Eurocode 3
(Publication P398). Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 129-140. Co-published by The British
Constructional Steelwork Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Design a bolted cover plate beam splice that connects two 457 x 191 x 67
UKB S275 sections. The splice carries a vertical shear, an axial force and
bending moment and is to be non-slip at serviceability (Category B
connection). The splice is located near to a restraint therefore it will not
carry moments due to strut action.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 36: Comparison with SCI P398 Example D.1 Beam Splice

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Web plate shear at gross section: 850.11 850 None

VVd (kN)

Web plate shear at net section: VVd 1,179.26 1,180 None

(kN)

Beam shear at net section: (kN) 760.19 764 None (Reference error; using “r”
wrong value)

Web plate bending: MMd (kN·m) 105.97 106 None

Web plate compression: NNd (kN) 1,870 1,870 None

RAM Connection 57 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Column Splice – Flange Cover Plate, Nonbearing Splice

2.8 Column Splice – Flange Cover Plate, Nonbearing Splice

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 206-214. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

A non-bearing splice for universal columns, with all forces transferred by

the cover plates, and including a structural integrity check.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 37: Comparison with SCI P358

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate resistance Compression: NNd 816.82 817 None

(kN)

Plate bolt group shear: FFd (kN) 828.85 840 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Bending cover plates (kN·m) 260.23 260 None

Bolt resistance to bending (kN·m) 270.62 274 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Bending cover plates mino axis 68.75 69 None

(kN·m)

Bolt resistance to bending: FFd 103.61 105 None (The difference is due to
(kN) rounding)

Plate shear: VVd (kN) 857.37 779 None (Reference error, using wrong
γM0 factor)

Bolt shear: FFd (kN) 103.61 105 None (The difference is due to
rounding)

Structural integrity front plate – 797.04 797 None

Tension at net section (kN)

RAM Connection 58 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Bolted End Plate Connection (Unstiffened)

2.9 Bolted End Plate Connection (Unstiffened)

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2013. Joints in Steel Construction – Moment-Resisting Joints to Eurocode 3
(Publication P398). Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 83-105. Co-published by The British
Constructional Steelwork Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Determine the resistances for the extended end plate connection shown
below. It may be assumed that the design moments in the two beams are
equal and opposite.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 38: Comparison with SCI P398 Example C.1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Row 1, alone, column flange 398.36 398 None

bending: FFd (kN)

Row 1, alone, column web in 712.69 790 Example reference using wrong beff
transverse tension: FFd (kN)

Row 1, alone, end plate bending: 377.26 377 None

FFd (kN)

Row 2, alone, column flange 398.36 398 None

bending: FFd (kN)

Row 2, alone, column web in 712.69 790 None

transverse tension: FFd (kN)

Row 2, alone, end plate bending: 406.66 406 None

FFd (kN)

Row 2, alone, Beam web in tension: 672.76 675 None

FFd (kN)

RAM Connection 59 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Bolted End Plate Haunched

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Row 2, with row 1, column web in 321.03 320 None

tension: FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, column flange 398.36 398 None

bending: FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, column web in 712.69 790 Example reference using wrong beff
transverse tension: FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, end plate bending: 406.66 406 None

FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, Beam web in tension: 672.76 675 None

FFd (kN)

Row 3, with row 2, Effective 292.53 291 None

resistance: FFd (kN)

Compression zone, Column web in 839.86 841 None

transverse compression: FFd (kN)

Compression zone, beam flange and 1,254.11 1,254 None

web compression: FFd (kN)

Moment resistance of joint: MMd 415.77 416 None

(kN·m)

Vertical shear resistance of bolt 498.83 500 None

group: FFd (kN)

2.10 Bolted End Plate Haunched

Reference
Núñez, E. and Malik, A. 2009. Example: Portal frame - eaves moment connection. www.access-steel.com

Problem
From the reference:

This example presents a method for calculating the moment resistance

and the shear resistance of an eaves moment connection, as well as the
design of welds. For the calculation of the moment resistance a simplified
conservative method is used, which makes possible to avoid the

RAM Connection 60 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Bolted End Plate Haunched

calculation of bolt row groups. The connection is a Category A: Bearing

type bolted connection using non-preloaded bolts.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 39: Comparison with Example: Portal frame - eaves moment connection

Parameter RAM Reference Difference

Connection

Without Row 1, alone, column flange 324.71 298 Example uses calculations for leff
suppleme bending: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
ntary web standard
plates
Row 1, alone, column web in 481.12 355 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse tension: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 1, alone, end plate bending: 325 298 Example uses calculations for leff
FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 2, alone, column flange 351.62 294 Example uses calculations for leff
bending: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 2, alone, column web in 600.14 337 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse tension: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 2, alone, end plate bending: 406.66 406 None

FFd (kN)

Row 2, alone, Beam web in tension: 795.80 807 None

FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, column flange 351.62 291 Example uses calculations for leff
bending: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 3, alone, column web in 600.14 323 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse tension: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 3, alone, end plate bending: 398.36 403 None

FFd (kN)

Row 3, alone, Beam web in tension: 722.57 723 None

FFd (kN)

RAM Connection 61 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Unstiffened Column Base Plate

Parameter RAM Reference Difference

Connection

Row 4, alone, column flange 351.62 291 Example uses calculations for leff
bending: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 4, alone, column web in 600.14 323 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse tension: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 4, alone, end plate bending: 398.36 403 None

FFd (kN)

Row 4, alone, Beam web in tension: 722.57 723 None

FFd (kN)

Row 5, alone, column flange 351.62 321 None

bending: FFd (kN)

Row 5, alone, column web in 600.14 465 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse tension: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Row 5, alone, end plate bending: 398.36 403 None

FFd (kN)

Row 5, alone, Beam web in tension: 722.57 723 None

FFd (kN)

Compression zone, Column web in 1,799.91 1,966 Example uses calculations for leff
transverse compression: FFd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
standard

Compression zone, haunch flange 1,230.96 1,231 None

and web compression: FFd (kN)

Compression zone, column web 1,113.27 1,113.3 None

panel in shear: VVd (kN)

With Compression zone, column web 1,914.80 1,726 Example uses calculations for leff
suppleme panel in shear: VVd (kN) and beff that are not reference in the
ntary web standard
plates
Moment resistance of joint: MMd 922.18 912 None
(kN·m)

RAM Connection 62 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Unstiffened Column Base Plate

2.11 Unstiffened Column Base Plate

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2013. Joints in Steel Construction – Moment-Resisting Joints to Eurocode 3
(Publication P398). Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 143-150. Co-published by The British
Constructional Steelwork Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Verify the resistance of the unstiffened column base plate shown below.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 40: Comparison with SCI P398 Example E.1

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

NLf (kN) 183.23 182 None

NRf (kN) 2,183.23 2,182 None

zt (mm) 225 225 None

zc (mm) 147.9 148 None

beff (mm) 531.01 531 None

leff (mm) 242.31 243 None

Compression resistance of the 2,187.33 2,193 None

foundation: FFd (kN)

Resistance of the column flange and 2,286 2,282 None

web in compression: FFd (kN)

leff (kN) 791.05 754 Difference due to the use of mx

exact value

leff (kN) 695.53 677 Difference due to the use of mx

exact value

leff (kN) 300 300 None

RAM Connection 63 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Base Plate

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

leff (mm) 691.1 668 Difference due to the use of mx

exact value

leff (mm) 593.33 576 Difference due to the use of mx

exact value

leff (mm) 397.78 392 Difference due to the use of mx

exact value

Resistance of base plate in bending: 47.81 47.80 None

MMd (kN*m)

Column – Weld shear: FFd (kN) 490.48 1,216 Wrong effective weld length used in
reference

2.12 Base Plate

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2011. Joints in Steel Construction – Simple Joints to Eurocode 3 (Publication P358).
Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 240-242. Co-published by The British Constructional Steelwork
Association Limited.

Problem
From the reference:

Check the RHS column base for the design forces shown.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Table 41: Comparison with SCI P358 Column Bases Example 3

Parameter RAM Reference Difference

Connection

Concrete base – concrete 2,040.00 120,000 mm2 x 17.05 N/mm2 None

bearing of the gross area: FFd = 2,046
(kN)

RAM Connection 64 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Bracing Connection

Parameter RAM Reference Difference

Connection

Intermediate result: Aeff 52,952.54 52,900 None

(mm2)

Intermediate result: c (mm) 42.74 43 None

Concrete base – Concrete 900.19 901.94 None

bearing of the effective area:
FFd (kN)

2.13 Bracing Connection

Reference
Steel Construction Institute. 2009. Steel Building Design: Worked examples for students - In accordance with
Eurocodes and the UK National Annexes (Publication P387). Ascot:The Steel Construction Institute. pp 71-81.

Problem
From the reference:

Design summary:
a. The wind loading at each floor is transferred to two vertically braced
end bays on grid lines ‘A’ and ‘J’ by the floors acting as diaphragms.
b. The bracing system must carry the equivalent horizontal forces (EHF)
in addition to the wind loads.
c. Locally, the bracing must carry additional loads due to imperfections
at splices (cl 5.3.3(4)) and restraint forces (cl 5.3.2(5)). These
imperfections are considered in turn in conjunction with external
lateral loads but not at the same time as the EHF.
d. The braced bays, acting as vertical pin-jointed frames, transfer the
horizontal wind load to the ground.
e. The beams and columns that make up the bracing system have
already been designed for gravity loads1). Therefore, only the diagonal
members have to be designed and only the forces in these members
have to be calculated.
f. All the diagonal members are of the same section, thus, only the most
heavily loaded member has to be designed.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 65 Verification Manual

Eurocode Verification Examples
Bracing Connection

Comparison
Table 42: Comparison with SCI P387 Example No. 09 - Bracing and bracing connections

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Interface (Gusset-Bottom right 1,084.42 135 × 8 bolts = None

brace) directly bolted bolt shear: 1,080
FFd (kN)

Interface (Gusset-Bottom right 1,211.08 1,208 None

brace) brace bolt bearing: FFd (kN)

Interface (Gusset-Bottom right 1,362.71 1,487 Reference error in Anv calculations

brace) brace block tearing: FFd
(kN)

Interface (Gusset-Bottom right 876.74 876 None

brace) brace cross-sectional
resistance: NNd (kN)

RAM Connection 66 Verification Manual

 Indian Verification Examples
3
The following verification examples were designed per IS 800 - 2007 General construction in steel - Code of
practice.

3.1 Seating angle – Beam to Column Flange

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd,pp 29-31

Problem
From the reference:

Example 3.2 An ISMB 400 is to be connected to the flange of a column

ISHB 300 @ 577 N/m. The end reaction to be transmitted is 100 kN.
Using M20 bolts, design unstiffened seated connection and draw
connection details.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Seating angle - Angle 0.77 7000 x t x t = 0.7 Difference (Reference

moment capacity [kN*m] used plastic section
modulus instead of elastic
used by the application.
Also uses a different
gamma factor.)

Seating angle - Bolt group 181.09 / 4 = 45.2725 45.272 None

shear [kN]

RAM Connection 67 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Moment angle – Beam to Column Flange

3.2 Moment angle – Beam to Column Flange

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, pp 36-39

Problem
From the reference:

Example 3.4: A beam ISMB 350 transmits an end shear of 150 [kN] and a
moment of 25 [kN-m] to the flange of a column ISHB 300 @ 618 N/m.
Using 20 mm dia shop bolts, design suitable end connection. Draw plan,
front elevation and side elevations of the connection.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Moment angle – Angle 2.06 2.51 but replacing the Difference (Reference is
moment capacity [kN-m] formula with adopted 18 not using the
mm angle thickness the recommended formula in
result is = 2.771 Cl. 8.2.1.2 from design
code and using plastic
section modulus.)

3.3 Double cleat angle – Beam to Column Flange

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, pp 36-39

Problem
From the reference:

RAM Connection 68 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Seating angle - Beam to Column Web

Example 3.4: A beam ISMB 350 transmits an end shear of 150 [kN] and a
moment of 25 [kN-m] to the flange of a column ISHB 300 @ 618 N/m.
Using 20 mm dia shop bolts, design suitable end connection. Draw plan,
front elevation and side elevations of the connection.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle (beam side) - Bolt 90.54 126.533 Difference (Reference is

group shear (double not using the
shear) [kN] recommended formula in
Cl. 10.3.3 from design
code, also has wrong
printed value. The
resultant value is not the
same as printed value.)

Angle (support side) - Bolt 45.27 45.272 None

group shear [kN]

Angle (support side) - Bolt 68.545 53.464 [kN] None (The reference has
tension [kN] print mistake, it should be
printed 68543.84)

Beam - Bolt bearing [kN] 87.55 78.537 Difference (Reference is

using tabulated kb value
instead of calculated one
from the application. Also
the reference do not
choose the fy value
according of the plate
thickness.)

3.4 Seating angle - Beam to Column Web

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, pp 67-69

Problem
From the reference:

RAM Connection 69 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Base plate - Column base

Example 5.3: An ISLB 400 transfers end reaction of 130 [kN] to the flange
of an ISHB 250 @ 500 [N/m]. Design unstiffened welded connection and
draw connection details.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle moment capacity 1.33 7000 x 12 x 12 = 1.008 Difference (Reference is

[kN-m] using plastic section
modulus instead of elastic
as recommended in Cl.
8.2.1.2 from design code.)

Seating angle (support 189.37 189.37 None

side) - Weld Capacity -
Strength of weld - fwd
[N/mm2]

3.5 Base plate - Column base

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd,

Problem
From the reference:

Example 6.10: Design a slab base for a column ISHB 300 @ 577 [N/m]
carrying an axial factored load of 1000 [kN]. M20 concrete is used for the
foundation. Provide welded connection between column and base plate.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Concrete base - Concrete 8.960573 8.96 None

base bearing - Demand
[N/m2]

RAM Connection 70 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Flange Cover Plate - Column splice

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Column - Weld resistance 189.37 189.37 None

- fwd (strength of weld)
[N/mm2]

3.6 Flange Cover Plate - Column splice

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, pp 102-104

Problem
From the reference:

Example 7.5: A column section ISHB 350 @ 710 [N/m] is carrying a

factored load of 800 [kN], a factored moment of 30 [kN-m] and a factored
shear of 80 kN. Assuming ends are milled, design a suitable column splice.
Draw the details of connections (Fig. 7.5).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Top column - Flange cover 45.27 45.272 None

plate - Bolt group shear -
Vdsb [kN]

3.7 Flange cover plate - Column splice

Reference
Bhavikatti, S.S. 2012. Design and Drawing of Steel Structures. New Dehli:I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, pp 104-107

RAM Connection 71 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Base plate - Column base

Problem
From the reference:

Example 7.6: An upper storey column ISHB 300 @ 577 [N/m] carries a
factored load of 1200 [kN] and a factored moment of 12 [kN-m]. It is to be
spliced with lower storey column ISHB 350 @710 [N/m]. Design suitable
splice and draw the connection details.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Top column - Flange cover 45.27 45.272 None

plate - Bolt group shear -
Vdsb [kN]

Flange plate minimum 0.688 0.6875 None

capacities minor axis -
Bending - Beta pk

Flange plate minimum 31.12 31.125 None

capacities minor axis -
Bolt shear [kN]

3.8 Base plate - Column base

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
499-451

Problem
From the reference:

Example 9.3: Design the base plate for the column in Example 9.1
subjected to a factored moment of 45 [kN-m] and a factored axial load of
500 [kN]. The column size is ISHB 250. The cube compressive strength of
concrete in the foundation is fck = 25 [N/mm2]. Use grade 410 steel.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

RAM Connection 72 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Seating angle - Beam to column flange

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Concrete base - Concrete 4.629630 4.62 None

base bearing demand
[N/mm2]

Base plate - Yielding at 44.68 46.5454 Difference (Reference

bearing interface [kN- does not choose the fy
m/m] according to the thickness
of the plate as design code
recommends.)

3.9 Seating angle - Beam to column flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
522-523

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.13: Design a seat angle connection between a beam MB 300

and column SC 200 for a reaction beam 100 [kN], using M20 bolts of
property class 4.6. Take Fe 410 grade steel (fy = 250 [Mpa]). See Fig.
10.54.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Seating angle (Support 181.09 / 4 = 45.27 45.3 None

side) - Bolt group shear
[kN]

Support - Bolt group 723.09 / 4 = 180.77 123 Difference (Reference is

bearing [kN] using tabulated values for
kb).

RAM Connection 73 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Seating angle - Angle 0.92 0.916 None

moment capacity [kN-m]

Seating angle - Angle 0.54 0.542 None

moment -Demand [kN-m]

Seating angle (beam side) 220.44 220 None

- Outstanding leg shear
capacity [kN]

Beam - Shear at gross 303.11 303 None

section [kN]

3.10 Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
525-527

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.15: Design a bolted web angle connection for an ISMB 400
beam, to carry a reaction of 140 [kN] due to factored loads. The
connection is to the flange of a column ISSC 200 in grade Fe 410 steel (see
Fig. 10.56).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle (support side) - Bolt 52.69 52.6 None

group shear - Vdsb [kN]

RAM Connection 74 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
End plate - Beam to column flange

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Beam - Bolt bearing - 118.32 72.98 Difference (Reference is

Vdpb [kN] using tabulated value for
kb instead of calculated
value obtained from the
application that follows
the design code
recommendations)

Angle (support side) - Bolt 116.29 65.6 Difference (Reference is

bearing [kN] using tabulated value for
kb instead of calculated
value obtained from the
application that follows
the design code
recommendations).

Angle (support side) - 30.58 33.64 Difference (Reference do

Bending [kN-m] not divide the result value
with gamma factor 1.1)

3.11 End plate - Beam to column flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, p 527

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.16: Design a header plate connection for a ISMB 400 beam to
carry a reaction of 140 [kN] due to factored loads. The connection is to
the flange of a ISSC 200 column. Use Fe 410 grade steel (fy = 250 [MPa]
and M20 bolts of grade 4.6.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate (support side) - Bolt 45.27 45.3 None

group shear [kN]

RAM Connection 75 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Plate (support side) - Bolt 64.85 49.2 Difference (Reference is

bearing [kN] using tabulated value for
kb instead of calculated
value obtained from the
application that follows
the design code
recommendations).

Plate (beam side) - Weld 111.62 131.2 Difference (Reference is

capacity - Stress fwn using different data for
[N/m2] stress calculation. The
application is using
recommended fu and
gamma factor .)

3.12 Double cleat angle - Beam to column flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
533-534

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.21: Design a flange angle connection using M16 bolts of grade
4.6 to transfer a factored moment of 12 [kN-m] and a shear of 150 [kN]
from a beam of ISMB 350 to a column of ISHB 300.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle (support side) - Bolt 28.97 29 None

group shear [kN]

Angle (beam side) - Bolt 57.95 58 None

group shear [kN]

RAM Connection 76 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Moment angle - Beam to column flange

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Beam - Bolt bearing [kN] 71.83 53.1 Difference (Reference is

using tabulated value for
kb instead of calculated
value that follows Cl.
10.3.4. from the design
code).

Angle (support side) - Bolt 43.87 42.7 Difference (Reference is

tension demand [kN] using tabulated bolt
tension strength)

Angle (support side) - Bolt 13.2 (26.09/4)+15.45 = 21.97 Difference (Reference

tension [kN] calculates bolt tension
capacity with Moment
angle data instead of
double cleat angle data).

3.13 Moment angle - Beam to column flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
533-534

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.21: Design a flange angle connection using M16 bolts of grade
4.6 to transfer a factored moment of 12 [kN-m] and a shear of 150 [kN]
from a beam of ISMB 350 to a column of ISHB 300.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Moment angle - Angle 0.92 0.9164 None

moment capacity [kN-m]

Moment angle - Angle 0.77 0.767 None

moment demand [kN-m]

RAM Connection 77 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Left beam double cleat angle - Beam to Girder

3.14 Left beam double cleat angle - Beam to Girder

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
536-539

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.23: Design a bolted web cleat connection for an ISMB 600
and two coped beams of size ISMB 400 (300 [kN] reaction due to factored
loads) and ISMB 250 (75 [kN] reaction due to factored loads) using grade
8.8 bolts of 20 mm diameter (see Fig. 10.64).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Angle (support side) - Bolt 181.09 181 None

group shear [kN]

Angle (beam side) - Bolt 90.54 90.5 None

group shear [kN]

Beam - Bolt bearing [kN] 88.46 87.6 None (Difference due

rounding and reference is
using tabulated kb factor)

Angle (beam side) - Bolt 82.07 82.07 None

group shear - Demand
[kN]

Angle (beam side) - Bolt 127.22 / 2 = 79.52 78.72 None (Difference due
bearing [kN] rounding)

RAM Connection 78 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Flange cover plate - Beam splice

3.15 Right beam double cleat angle - Beam to Girder

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
536-539

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.23: Design a bolted web cleat connection for an ISMB 600
and two coped beams of size ISMB 400 (300 [kN] reaction due to factored
loads) and ISMB 250 (75 [kN] reaction due to factored loads) using grade
8.8 bolts of 20 mm diameter (see Fig. 10.64).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Beam - Bolt bearing [kN] 57.44 56.58 None (Difference due

rounding and reference is
using tabulated kb factor)

Beam - Bolt bearing - 48.88 48.9 None

Demand [kN]

3.16 Flange cover plate - Beam splice

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
539-540

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.24: Design a bolted splice for an ISMB 400 section to transfer
a factored bending moment of 120 [kN-m] and a factored shear of 80

RAM Connection 79 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Web cover plate - Beam splice

[kN]. Assume that the flange splice carries all the moment and that the
web splice carries only the shear (see Fig. 10.65).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Force in flanges [kN] 312.5 312.5 None

Top plate - Bolt bearing - 159.03 131.2 None (Difference due

Vdpb [kN] reference is using
tabulated kb factor value)

3.17 Web cover plate - Beam splice

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
539-540

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.24: Design a bolted splice for an ISMB 400 section to transfer
a factored bending moment of 120 [kN-m] and a factored shear of 80
[kN]. Assume that the flange splice carries all the moment and that the
web splice carries only the shear (see Fig. 10.65).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Left side beam - Web plate 105.39 105.2 None (Difference due
- Bolt slip resistance [kN] rounding)

Left side beam - Web plate 159.03 / 2 shear planes = 65.6 Difference (Reference is
- Bolt bearing in the 79.515 using tabulated kb value
direction of the shear load instead of calculated that
[kN] follows Cl.10.3.4
recommendations).

RAM Connection 80 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Flange cover plate - Column splice

3.18 Flange cover plate - Column splice

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
540-541

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.25: Design a bolted cover plate splice for a ISHB 225 column
connected to an ISHB 225, to transfer a factored axial load of 450 [kN],
both columns are of grade Fe 410 steel. The ends are not machined for
full contact in bearing (see Fig. 10.66).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Top column - Flange cover 167.83 169.9 None (Difference due

plate - Bolt group shear - rounding)
Demand [kN]

Top column - Flange cover 210.78 210.4 None (Difference due

plate - Bolt slip resistance rounding)
[kN]

Top column - Column - 393.45 298.5 Difference (Reference is

Top flange bolt bearing using tabulated kb value).
[kN]

3.19 Web cover plate - Column splice

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
540-541

RAM Connection 81 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Flange cover plate - Column splice

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.25: Design a bolted cover plate splice for a ISHB 225 column
connected to an ISHB 225, to transfer a factored axial load of 450 [kN],
both columns are of grade Fe 410 steel. The ends are not machined for
full contact in bearing (see Fig. 10.66).

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Top column - Web plate - 110.18 110.2 None

Bolt slip resistance - fwN
[kN]

Top column - Web plate - 105.39 105.2 None (Difference due

Bolt slip resistance - Vdsf rounding)
[kN]

Top column - Column - 70.26 64 Difference (Reference is

Bolt bearing in the using tabulated kb value).
direction of the shear load
- Vdpb [kN]

Top column - Web plate - 55.09 55.1 None

Bolt shear - Demand [kN]

3.20 Flange cover plate - Column splice

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
541-542

Problem
From the reference:

Example 10.26: Check the ability of the column splice illustrated in Fig.
10.67 to transfer a combination of the following: compression of 400
[kN], moment of 100 [kN-m], and shear of 20 [kN]. Assume that the splice

RAM Connection 82 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Seating angle - Beam to Column Flange

is designed for direct bearing and that M20 bolts are used. The steel is Fe
410 and the bolts are grade 8.8.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Top column - Flange cover 644.44 644.44 None

plate - Bolt group shear -
Demand [kN]

Top column - Flange cover 52.69 52.6 None

plate - Bolt slip resistance
-Vdsf [kN]

3.21 Seating angle - Beam to Column Flange

Reference
Subramanian, N. 2011. Steel Structures - Design and Practice (N. New Dehli:I.K. Oxford University Press, pp
605-606

Problem
From the reference:

Example 11.13: Design a welded seat angle connection between a beam

MB 300 and column HB 200 for a reaction of beam 100 [kN], assuming Fe
410 grade steel (fy = 250 [Mpa]) and site welding.

Refer to the figure in the reference for additional details.

Comparison
Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Seating angle - Angle 0.73 0.727 None

moment capacity [kN-m]

Seating angle - Angle 0.67 0.668 None

moment capacity -
Demand [kN-m]

RAM Connection 83 Verification Manual

Indian Verification Examples
Seating angle - Beam to Column Flange

Parameter RAM Connection Reference Difference

Seating angle (support 0.552 0.552 None

side) - Weld capacity - Rw
(Strength of 5 mm weld)
[N/m2]

Seating angle (support 0.548 0.549 None

side) - Weld capacity -
Rres [kN/mm]

RAM Connection 84 Verification Manual

 Index
A IS 800-2007 67 O
IS 807-2007
AISC 4 ordinary moment frame
base plate 70, 72, 73
all bolted beam-to-column 20–22
beam double cleat angle 78,
double angle 15, 16
79
column splice 71, 72 S
B double cleat angle 68, 69, seismic detailing 19–27
base plates 74, 76 special concentrically braced
bearing 4, 5 end plate 75 frame
bolted flange-plated FR 17, 18 flange cover plate 81–83 brace-to-brace 25–27
flange cover plate column special moment frame
splice 71, 72 beam column 29, 30
C flange cover splice 79, 80 beam-to-column 23, 24
coped beam 15, 16
moment angle 68, 77
seating angle 67, 69, 70, 73,
E 83
U
unstiffened seated connection
Eurocode 51 web cover plate 80–82
9–14

H M W
HSS moment connection
wide tee 6, 7
column, double angle 7, 8 bolted flange-plated 17, 18
column, unstiffened seated unstiffened extended end
9, 10 plate 11–14
column, wide tee 6, 7 moment frame
beam-to-column 19, 20
I
Indian code 67

RAM Connection 85 Verification Manual