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Agri-Horticultural Interventions for Doubling of Farmer's Income

Article  in  International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · December 2019

DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.171

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 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(12): 1414-1425

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 12 (2019)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.171

Agri-Horticultural Interventions for Doubling of Farmer’s Income

L. C. De1*, Tulipa De2, R. K. Pamarthi1 and R. K. Singh1

1
ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong-737106, Sikkim, India
2
Department of Plant Pathology, UBKV, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

Doubling farmers’ income has emerged as the focal point for all the
Keywords agricultural policy decision of the government due to increase in number of
farmers suicide and low and high fluctuating farmers income. The
Agricultural Doubling farmers income is formulated by bridging the productivity gaps,
productivity,
Resource use employing latest production technologies, advanced processing
efficiency technologies and improved marketing and feasible through effective land
Article Info
use planning, diversified farming systems, wasteland management,
conservation agriculture and livestock management, climate resilient
Accepted: agriculture, rainfed agriculture, dry land farming, protected cultivation,
12 November 2019
Available Online: modern nursery management techniques for improvement in agricultural
10 December 2019 productivity, resource use efficiency, increase in cropping intensity and
diversification towards high value crops.

Introduction behaviour, conversion of agricultural land for

non-farm purposes and increased cost of
India’s population is expected to reach 1.7 production (Gangaiah, 2018).
billion by 2050, making it as the most
populated country in the world. To feed the The present context of the Indian agriculture
ever increasing population, food production sector revealed that the farmers are facing
must increase by 70%. serious deficit of income which has become an
important issue and as a result dissuading the
This challenge is very critical because Indian rural youth to take up agriculture as livelihood
agriculture is facing several challenges due to mission.
fragmentation of holdings, ill impact of
climate change, sustaining investment, high The Doubling farmers income has become a
fluctuation in prices and production, slogan for every agricultural institution and is
unorganized markets, erratic market formulated by bridging the productivity gaps,
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employing latest production technologies, green manuring e.g. Dhaincha, Moong,

advanced processing technologies and Cowpea, Sunhemp etc., application of balance
improved marketing. dose of fertilizer on the basis of soil health
card, provision of subsidy on diesel,
Why Double Farmers’ Income (Saikia and promotion of custom hiring system, use of bio
Bordoloi, 2019) fertilizers e.g. Rhizobium, PSB, Azotobactor,
Azolla, Blue green Algae, Mycorrhiza,
Doubling farmers’ income has emerged as the Subsidy of transport, use of gobar/bio gas,
focal point for all the agricultural policy promotion of zero tillage technology,
decision of the government due to the promotion of DSR, use of organic fertilizers
following reasons: and manure.

Income of the farmers is less than poverty line Increase in cropping intensity by prepared for
Kharif, Rabi and Garma for 03 years
Farmer’s income is low as compared to the
workers in non-farm sector Paddy - wheat/pulses/Maize

Increase in number of farmers suicide Maize – Wheat/Pulses/Maize

Low and high fluctuating farmers income Maize – Wheat/Pulses/Maize - Mung

Sources of Growth in Farmers’ Income Vegetable (cauliflower) - potato - onion –

(Chand Ramesh, 2017) mung

According to Niti Aayog, the major sources of Maize/Vegetable – Potato-Potato-Onion-

growth operating within agricultural sector Mung
are:
Paddy (short duration) - vegetable - onion -
Improvement in agricultural productivity maize
through timely supply of good quality of
sufficient seeds and planting materials prior to Paddy - vegetable - maize
season, timely availability of good quality of
inputs, adoption of short duration high Short duration hybrid/HYV seeds to be used.
yielding varieties. Increase SRR of hybrid
seeds, by promoting farm mechanization, Use of rice fallow land
application of Integrated Nutrient
Management, application of Integrated Pest Rice- Makhana cropping System
Management, by increasing irrigation facilities
& enhancing water-use efficiency and Diversification towards high value crops
adoption of DSR/Zero Tillage/SRI. through

Resource use efficiency or saving in cost of Introduction of new cultivated species and
production through subsidy on farm inputs, improved varieties of crops
provision of subsidy on HYV/ hybrid variety
of seeds in light of market price, subsidy on Cash crops- Sugarcane, betel leaf, exotic
mechanization in light of market price, use of fruits, ornamentals and vegetables

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Spices - Turmeric, ginger, dhania, garlic, Three and half decade growth of chickpea
ajwain and saunf in India from 1970-71 to 2015-16 (Singh,
2018)
Mushroom Cultivation
Short duration varieties (JAKI 9218, JG 14,
Rearing of honey bee Rajas, Pusa 547, RVG 202, RVG 203, JGK 1,
KAK 2, Shubhra) for horizontal expansion of
Role of agriculture sector chickpea in southern states.

Effective Agricultural Land Use Planning Disease resistance varieties against Fusarium
using soil resource inventory, agro technology wilt (GNG 1581, DCP 92-3, HC 1, KWR 108,
transfer under Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav JG 16, Digvijay, Gujarat Gram 2, BG 391,
program, through tribal subplan scheme and BGD 78, Ujjawal, GLK 26155, HK 05-169)
SC SP program are promising approaches for and Ascochyta Blight (GNG 469 Himachal
enhancement of farmers income. Chana 1 and PBG 5)

Although rice is grown in the kharif (roughly Heat tolerant varieties (JG 14, JSC 55, JSC
July-December), rice is also grown in the rabi 56) for late sown condition and Drought
(roughly January-June) in many states of tolerant varieties (RSG 888, Vijay) for rainfed
India. Approximately 55% of India's rice crop conditions
is irrigated, up from about 45% in 1990; the
fraction of rice area that is irrigated varies by Extra large-seeded (MNK 1, PKV Kabuli 4-1,
state from <50% irrigated in Madhya Pradesh, Phule G 0517) and large seeded kabuli
Maharashtra, and Bihar, to >90% in Punjab, varieties (Shubhra, Ujjawal, KAK 2, GLK
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Haryana 26155) for export purpose
(Mangal Deep et al., 2018). The decadal
changes in the cropping systems research, Improved agronomy through appropriate land
further to quantify and reach a future novel configuration, supplementary/life saving
research strategy to enhance productivity of irrigation, micro-irrigation, precision tillage,
rice based cropping systems (Table 1). pre- and post-emergence herbicides, cropping
system/intercropping, conservation
Pulses as a candidate crop, contributes agriculture, and farm mechanization
immensely towards doubling farmers’ income
through reducing cost of production, Machine harvestable (GBM 2, NBeG 47, HC
enhancing per unit productivity, efficient 5) varieties
marketing networks and successful technology
delivery mechanisms by giving emphasis Conservation of indigenous poultry breed is
sustainable intensification and crop required for developing suitable poultry
diversification, climate resilient production varieties for backyard farming. In this gesture,
technologies backed with strong research to ensure the availability of improved
outputs in pulses can contribute towards germplasm at farmers’ doorstep Indian
doubling the farmers’ income. Chickpea, Council of Agricultural Research has
pigeonpea, urdbean, mungbean, lentil, introduced 'Poultry Seed Project' in 2009 with
fieldpea, cowpea and lathyrus are the major the objectives of supply of day-old chicks of
pulse crops grown in the country (Singh, Vanaraja, Gramapryia and Srinidhi bird along
2018). with capacity building, medicinal and other

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inputs to the farmers particularly tribal for E-Krishi Manch, a dedicated portal for farmer-
augmenting rural poultry production, socio- scientist interaction.
economic indexing of the target groups and
linking small-scale poultry producers with Role of horticulture sector
organized market. Vanaraja and Srinidhi
poultry is dual purpose poultry birds Horticulture has emerged as a core sector of
developed by Directorate of Poultry Research, agriculture over the past decade, growing
Hyderabad for backyard poultry farming in steadily in annual area coverage and output
rural and tribal areas for meat and egg (Sujit Kumar, 2018). In the year 2018-19,
purpose, respectively (Singh et al., 2018). horticulture stood at nearly 25.8 million ha
and production was at a record 314.67 million
The Rainwater harvesting can be useful for tonnes which was 1% higher than previous
installation in areas with water stress due to year.. By 2022, 6.5 lakh ha of additional area
drought and arid climate. The installations will be brought under horticulture crops
with on site ground water wells that may through area expansion and 1.75 lakh ha of
require significant energy to use such as deep additional area will be brought under protected
wells and challenging treatment. Installations cultivation. Horticulture is found as an optimal
striving to increase water resilience by option for crop diversification in agriculture.
implementing net zero water goals. The per unit earning capacity of farmers is
much higher than in case of food grains and it
ICAR Data Centre and Unified also addresses environmental concerns. The
Communication portals to secure institute productivity of vegetables and fruits was
information and information transmission. noticed 17.96 and 14.81 tonnes per hectare,
respectively in India during 2018-19 but this
ICAR-Enterprise resource planning (ERP) was negligible in case of aromatic crops (1.23
System to this manage the human resource in tonnes per hectare) and spices (2.10 tonnes per
information of the council including pay roll, hectare). Therefore, there is more need to
finance and budgeting. focus on aromatic and ornamental crops and
spices in state programme as compared to
KVK Knowledge Network Portal other commodities.
(http://kvk.icar.gov.in) to share basic
information and facilities of KVKs with Productivity growth in fruits and vegetable
contingency plans, demonstration schedule, was meagre (1.57%) over the past decade.
and advisories. This is only due to non-availability of quality
planting material, dwindling status of natural
Management System for Post-Graduate resources, abundance of resource poor farmers
Education (MSPGE) enabling academic and e- and low adoption of modern technologies. The
learning modules while also being a repository challenge is to enhance productivity by
of academic records increasing the factor productivity of all the
horticultural production inputs, and at the
E-Samvad, an online interface of the Council same time sustaining it by adoption of good
to answer citizens queries. practices and precision farming principles.
Hence, situation specific crops, varieties and
KRISHI –A knowledge repository portal of modern technologies should be developed,
digital information pertaining to research refined/validated and popularized. High cost
experiments, outputs, publications, etc. of input in horticulture crops, prevalence of

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old and unproductive orchards, unorganized accounts for 10 per cent of the total area. High
supply chain are the major bottle neck, hence production, earliness, superior quality,
adoption of organic agriculture practices and uniform produce and resistance to biotic and
farming system approach should be promoted abiotic stresses are the main advantages of F1
for decreasing input cost and ultimately hybrids. Adoption of hybrid varieties can
increasing the income. Moreover, rejuvenation increase 1.5-3 times more yields which mean
of old and senile orchard and organized more income from increased output from same
marketing are also very important for getting area.
remunerative income. Facilitation of micro-
irrigation in horticulture sector is also of prime In fruit crops, appropriately selected
importance in rainfed areas. rootstocks have potential to modify the
architecture of plants for efficient utilisation of
As reported 30% produce of horticultural resources. It can develop strong root systems,
crops are being spoiled due to their ameliorate the soil, enhance nutrient and water
perishability. So their perishable nature should use. Therefore, rootstocks have become
be judiciously targeted based on assessment of integrated in the production system of grapes,
production and availability of market to citrus, apple, peach, almond and many fruit
escape unexpected low prices of produce due crops for successful production. Genetically
to high level of production. Based on a survey, dwarf cultivars in mango, banana, papaya,
it is found that the major problems faced by sapota and dwarfing rootstocks in mango,
horticulture farmers are finance, marketing, guava, citrus, ber suit high density planting
labour, storage, maintenance, education etc. system for accommodating more plants,
Major thrust areas for horticulture increasing output and income.
development are cluster approach linked with
post-harvest management, storage and Use of CMS line is commercially viable for
marketing, market intelligence to promote hybrid seed production in vegetables and
market led production, quality seeds and floriculture. Use of good quality seed and
planting material, adoption of improved planting material is a prerequisite for the
varieties and rejuvenation with improved production of high yields. High quality seeds
cultivars, hi-tech horticulture and precision and planting material help to increase
farming, high density plantations, etc. horticultural productivity; improve food
security; and imports and raise domestic
Diversification of present farming system with economic activity. Various diagnostic
horticulture crops, availability of micro- methods viz. ELISA, Polymerase Chain
irrigation, resource use efficiency, increase in Reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, Real Time
cropping density, better agronomic practices, PCR are available for different viruses,
incorporation of improved varieties and bacteria and fungi in order to enhance the
technologies, area expansion may be taken production with diverse disease escaping
under consideration as sources of income practices. Technologies for high density
growth in horticulture sector. Popularization planting, canopy management and
of hybrids may be proved as prompt effort for rejuvenation of old and senile orchards have
increasing the income. The hybrid technology been developed and successfully demonstrated
has capacity to revolutionise the production of at farmers’ field.
vegetable and ornamental crops and demand
for hybrid seeds is continuously increasing. At Precision farming application of fertilizers has
present, the area under vegetable hybrids proved to be profitable along with

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recommendations based on a package of an income doubling impact for farmers.

practices. Protected cultivation is a good Promotion of Integrated farming system
option for producing quality produce and approach involving synergic blending of
efficient use of land and other resources in crops, horticulture, dairy, fisheries, poultry,
some horticultural crops. It is effective for etc. seems viable option to provide regular
nursery raising and cultivation of high value income and at site employment to small land
vegetables and flowers. Among various holder, decreasing cultivation cost through
irrigation methods, drip irrigation has proved multiple use of resources and providing much
successful in exhibiting high water needed resilience for predicted climate change
productivity by saving irrigation water from scenario. At present the cropping intensity in
25 to 60 per cent in various orchard crops and agriculture as a whole is 138.9 per cent, and
vegetables with a 10 to 60 per cent increase in segregated statistic is not available for
yield as compared to the conventional method horticultural crops. Any increase in the
of irrigation. It is one of the latest methods of intensity would add to the production from
irrigation which is becoming popular in areas farms accordingly. Higher cropping intensity
with water scarcity and salt problems. is made possible with various measures,
Adoption of micro-irrigation can save input primarily irrigation, use of fertilizers, crop
costs to the farmer is estimated in the range of rotation, mixed cropping, relay cropping, etc.
20 to 40 per cent in case of horticultural crops. In perennial horticultural crops, the brown
The cultivation of horticultural crops is labour space available in the prebearing age of the
intensive and it needs timely operations for orchard can be effectively utilised to grow
maximising the production. The end to end short duration horticultural crops like pulses,
mechanisation of the horticultural crops is spices, vegetables as intercropping or for
required to be adopted. Several implements interspaced planting and cultivation to gain
and machines have been developed to enhance higher income.
the efficiency of farm operation in high tech
nursery, precision farming, high density Mechanical tools, tiller tractors, sowing
plantation, protected cultivation, etc. gadgets, etc. can save critical time between
crops thus enabling use of short duration crops
Bio-fertilizers are microbial preparations or fast maturing varieties. There remains a
containing living cells of different considerable gap between the gross production
microorganisms which have the capacity to and net availability of fruits and vegetables
mobilize plant nutrients in soil from unsoluble due to heavy post-harvest losses in case of
to soluble form through biological process. horticultural produce. It is estimated that India
Streamlining is required in the use of bio- incurs postharvest fruits and vegetable losses
fertilizers, VAM fungi, biological N fixers and worth over two lakh cores each year largely
other beneficial microbial agents for effective owing to the absence of modern cold storage
nutrient use efficiency. Nano- encapsulated facilities and lack of proper food processing
conventional fertilizers, pesticides and units. More emphasis needs to be given to
herbicides helps in slow and sustained release post-harvest management of fruits and
of nutrients and agrochemicals resulting in vegetables. Besides storage and processing,
precise dosage to the plants. the cold-chain is seen as a value adding
activity as it allows farmers to capture greater
Horticulture based cropping system optimises value. Commercial floriculture has been
use of the space and time and improves upon steadily increasing with increased use of
productivity from same piece of land. This has protected cultivation employing greenhouse,

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shade nets, polyhouse, etc. Commercial well as bio-pesticides. Recently Sikkim has
flowers cultivation in India provides an been announced as hundred per cent organic
opportunity for rural development owing to its cultivation state.
higher returns per unit area and the new
employment opportunities. Nearly eighty per The country has a vast production base which
cent of area under floricultural crops is offers growth opportunities for export.
concentrated in seven states comprising Tamil Mangoes, walnuts, grapes, bananas,
Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West pomegranates account for larger portion of
Bengal, Maharashtra, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh fruits exported from the country while onions,
and Delhi. A major part of the area under okra, bitter gourd, green chillies, mushrooms
flower cultivation is devoted to the production and potatoes contribute largely to the
of Marigold, Jasmine, Rose, Chrysanthemum, vegetable export basket. The major
Tuberose, etc., with considerable increase in destinations for Indian fruits and vegetables
the area under cut flower cultivation. Share of are UAE, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Netherland,
Uttar Pradesh in floriculture is only 5% which Sri Lanka, Nepal, UK, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan
is at near bottom as compared to other states and Qatar. Floricultural exports from India
of country even very small states like comprise of fresh cut flowers (to Europe,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu are far ahead (>10%). Japan, Australia, Middle East and USA), loose
flowers (for expatriate Indians in the Gulf), cut
Therefore, this sector can be identified as grey foliage (to Europe), dry flowers (To USA,
area which can be directly included in Europe, Japan, Australia, Far East and
different farming systems as a viable Russia), potted plants (limited to Middle East)
diversification from the traditional field crops besides seeds and planting material. Among
because of higher returns. fruits mango, guava, banana, papaya, aonla,
bael, vegetables okra, onion, potato, cabbage,
Spices sector is one of the most vibrant sectors watermelon, flowers like rose, tuberose,
of the Indian agricultural trade. The share of gladiolus, marigold and medicinal and
spices in the total agricultural export works aromatic plants such as artemisia, mentha,
out to about 6 per cent annually. The world citronella, ashwagandha, palmarosa, brahmi,
demand for organic spices is growing rapidly basil, damask rose, vetiver, lavender, are the
in developed countries like Europe, USA, potential crops. Standard of these crops may
Japan and Australia. India has a greater be validated/refined for export parameters in
potential to encash this trend by diversifying which APEDA and Directorate of Agriculture
into high-value crops like saffron, cardamom, Marketing and Foreign Trade play a key role.
turmeric, chillies, ginger and vanilla beans.
Agroforestry conserves natural resources
The demand for organic fruits and vegetables through various systems under different agro
is increasing at a rapid pace. Such horticultural climatic regions. Millions of farmers are
produce grown through organic means is dependent on agroforestry farming systems as
nutritionally superior and free from the a way of increasing and sustaining agricultural
injurious pesticide residues. The protocol for productivity, as a source of essential food, fuel
organic production in many horticultural crops wood, fodder and building materials and as a
has been worked out which includes a use of supplementary source of income. In North
resistant varieties, management of soil vermi- India farming system based on agri-silvi
compost and bio-fertilizer, and management of pasture, horti-silvi pasture and other agro-
disease and pests using biological control as forestry modules can be popularised to

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enhance the farmers' income. Quality seeds owing to disparity between demand and
play significant role in the agriculture supply fuelled by the clash of interests
production. Farmers can enhance their income between the consumer, the producer and the
through participatory hybrid seed production middlemen on account of a drop in production
programme for different seed companies. It is because of unfavourable weather, a rise in
a form of contract farming where farmers are transport costs, seasonality and supply chain
supplied with inbred lines for further crossing constraints. To reduce price fluctuations, a
and production of hybrid seeds of vegetable complementary storage option to be developed
crops. Hybrid seed production and other open to locate buffers of onion and potato close to
pollinated seed production including planting the markets. These need not be high
material of vegetable crops, floriculture and technology systems but designed to cater to a
fruit plants is the potential sector for prompt two week inventory cycle from the buffer into
enhancement in farmers' income. Hence, this market. All efforts to increase potato
sector should be promoted in PPP mode. The production must be balanced with developing
productivity of horticultural crops like fruits, external demand and hence export trade needs
vegetables, flowers, plantation crops and spice to be promoted if pursuing future growth in
crops can be increased by supply of disease production. A favourable trade policy for
free quality planting material to farmers. potato will favour higher production and
Beekeeping is an agro-based activity which is productivity and also promote growth in cold-
being undertaken by farmers/landless labours chain. Potato seed production at present is
in rural area as an integrated farming practice. being taken up only in a few states like
Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The seeds
In various agricultural and horticultural crops, produced in these states are supplied to other
honey bees’ pollination also improves the producing states of the country. Seed
quality of produce. Honeybees, in addition to production in states like Karnataka, Madhya
enhancing the yield of various crops also Pradesh, Gujarat and Odisha can be promoted,
convert nectar and pollen into honey and other so that the farmers of these states may get
beehive products, viz. bees was, royal jelly, quality seed at reasonable prices. Protected
propolis, etc. which provides additional cultivation of tomato and other high value
income to the farmers/beekeepers. Mushroom vegetables and ornamentals needs to be
cultivation can also represent a valuable small promoted in different peri-urban areas, to meet
scale enterprise option. Surplus crop residues the demand during lean period, i.e., from July
which are being burnt in the country and to October. Area expansion programme for
becoming a threat for ecology should be kharif and late kharif onion can to be taken up
utilised for casing preparation in mushroom in non-traditional states like Madhya Pradesh,
production as example of 10% surplus Rajasthan, Haryana, Bihar, Odisha and
provided significant gain in mushroom Gujarat to avoid the pressure on Maharashtra,
production. Urban and peri-urban horticulture Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh etc. during lean
needs to be promoted as one of the facets that period i.e., July to March. Onion seed
will keep cities clean, as it has highest production is presently being undertaken by
potential to reutilise recycled water and solid traders in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat
waste (compost) for gainful purposes. Tomato, and some part of Madhya Pradesh, to supply
potato and onion are the most sensitive crops the seed all over the country. Suitable seed
to price fluctuations form almost 50 per cent producing pockets in other state like
of the total fruit and vegetable sales. The Rajasthan, Punjab, Bihar and Odisha can be
prices of tomato, onion and potato fluctuates developed so that there is more availability of

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seed at reasonable price across the country. horti-silvi pastoral (growing of one third area
Onion storage capacity is required to be with horticultural crops, one third area with
enhanced in the states of Madhya Pradesh, fodder trees and rest one third area with
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, cereals and fodder grasses), mixed horti
Odisha, etc. to cater the needs of north and (growing of two third area with horticultural
north eastern regions of the country. crops and one third area with vegetable crops),
pure horti (growing fruit crops only), horti-
Integrated Farming Systems aim to increase silvi-pastoral (growing of fruits, vegetables,
production, income and to improve nutrition fodders, fuel wood, timber), and multi-tier
of small scale farmers with available horticulture system (growing of horticultural
resources. crops of different heights viz. arecanut + black
pepper + ginger or turmeric) should be
Components of farming system includes all developed based on agroclimate zones, crop
types of crops like field crops, horticultural priority, topography and socio-economical
trees, animals (cattle, buffalo, pig, goats, factors (Purohit and Gehlot, 2006).
sheep, fish), sericulture, apiculture, mushroom
cultivation, forage crops, flowers and General strategy for improving farmers’
vegetable cultivation, biogas production and income
non-conventional plant resources (Munda et
al., 2007). The Hon’ble Prime Minister of India,
Narendra Modiji suggested a multi-
An effective farming system includes the dimensional seven point strategy which
cropping system(s), the livestock system(s) includes:
and the farm household. Diversified farming
system increases productivity, profitability, More crop per drop using micro irrigation
balanced food ratio, adoption of new practices and nutrient film techniques
technology; solves energy, fodder, fuel and
timber crisis; avoids degradation of forests and Production of quality seeds and nutrient
environmental pollution, generates supply according to the soil quality to each
employment and provides opportunities for farm through referring soil health cards.
Agro-industries by utilizing the natural
resources efficiently and this will help in Large investment for creation of cold chain
maintaining sustainability. and warehouses to prevent post-harvest losses.

In North Eastern region, native farming Promotion of value addition though processed
system models like shifting cultivation, bun food, storage, pack house, referral van,
system, rice cum fish culture, bamboo drip ripening chamber, warehouses, cold chain &
irrigation, alder based agriculture and zabo marketing, etc
system, dairy, pig, poultry and fishery based
farming systems are quite effective for Create marketing facilities for getting best
enhancement of farmers income (De and recovery price of produce through
Singh, 2017). implementation of e-NAM, formation of
FPO/Farmers’ Co-operative Societies, more
Suitable land use systems such as Agrihorti marketing channels (PS UP), market-oriented
(growing of two third area with horticultural variety wise cultivation (by J&K), assured
crops and one third area with cereals), Agri- price scheme (by AP), effective procurement

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strategies to procure on MSP (Rajasthan), Inter cropping of leguminous vegetables,

trading policies should be farmer-oriented, not cucurbits, seed spices, Tomato, chilli, cole
trader, price-deficit financing scheme by M.P. crops, Tuber crops

Introduction of crop insurance scheme like Promotion of inter cropping – Turmeric,

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna at low cost Elephant foot yam, (Suran)/ Colocasia (Arvi),
to mitigate the risk. Ginger

Promotion of agriculture allied activities Hi-tech horticulture nursery management

Dairy, Animal husbandry, Poultry, Bee technologies
Keeping, Horticulture and Fisheries.
Standardization of root stock in apple, mango,
Horticultural Strategies for Doubling of guava, Kinnow, Custard Apple, Citrus, Litchi,
Farmers Income for Different Agro- Peach, Ber, Jackfruit, Lemon, almond, sapota
Climatic Zone (Gautam et al., 2018)
Establishment of mother block on newly
Establishment of new orchard released variety of fruit crops viz. Mango,
guava, aonla, bael, ber, citrus, Custard apple,
High density planting in Mango, banana, Pomegranate.
papaya, guava, Citrus, Litchi, Peach, Ber,
Jackfruit, Lemon. Use of nursery growing structures viz. mist
chamber, net house, etc.
Multi-tier cropping system in problematic soil:
Aonla, bael-ber, guava-karoda/ phalsa Production technology of tissue culture
Pomegranate, Citrus, Custard apple. banana by

Establishment of orchard: bael, ber, jackfruit, Establishment of tissue culture laboratory

jamun mahua, Litchi, Kinnow, Guava, Citrus,
Pomegranate. Entrepreneurship development through
hardening and supply of saplings of tissue
Inter cropping of leguminous vegetables, culture banana
cucurbits, seed spices, Arvi, Onion, Garlic,
Chilli, Tomato, Tuber crops. Double row planting system of banana

Promotion of gyno-dioecious cultivars of Inter cropping of off season vegetable crops in

papaya. banana

Management of old and unproductive Improved production technology of

orchards in citrus, litchi mango, guava vegetable crops
through
Commercial nursery production
Rejuvenation
Off & on season vegetable production
Window opening in mango technology viz. Cucurbits, cole crops, okra,
cow pea, tomato brinjal, chilli, moringa,
Canopy management in other fruit crop vegetable pea, Potato, Ash Gourd, Onion,

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Garlic, Water Chest nut, Moringa, Carrot, chrysanthemum, anthurium, gerbera, aster
Radish, Leafy vegetables Cauliflower,
Cabbage. Production of loose flowers in peri spiritual
cities viz. rose, marigold, jasmine,bela etc.
Vegetable production under protected Chandani, Hibiscus, Gailardia, crossandra
condition viz. high value low volume crops
(capsicum, cucumber and exotic vegetables) in Value addition
peri-urban areas
Production of medicinal, aromatic and
Technologies for promotion of secondary spices
horticulture in peri urban areas
Commercial nursery production.
Value addition
Cultivation technology viz. mentha, satavar,
Seed production technology of vegetable lemon grass, Artimicia,, Aloe vera,
crops viz. vegetable pea, cow pea, Cole crops,, Ashwagandha, Sarpgandha, Vinca, Basil,
cucurbits, tuber crops, Potato, Ash Gourd, Shankhpushpi, Acorus, Opium, Stevia, Tulsi.
Okra, Broad bean, Guar, Chilli, tomato,
brinjal, root crops. Waste land development through cultivation
of M&AP viz. Aloe vera, ashwagandha,
Production of Water chest nut sarpgandha, Citronella, Lemongrass, Khas,
Artimicia, Geranium, Kewda, Acorus, Water
Flower production chest nut.

Commercial nursery production Establishment of horti-medicinal-aromatic

cropping system in waste land
Cut flowers/ house plants/ ornamental plants
production under protected cultivation in peri Establishment of agro-forestry system/
metro areas viz. gerbera, rose, etc. bamboo production in waste land

Cut flowers cultivation in peri metro areas viz. Value addition and small scale industry
rose, tuberose, gladiolus, lily, orchids,

Table.1 Rice based cropping systems

Sl.No. Irrigated conditions Upland conditions Rice under integrated

farming systems
1. Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-Chick pea Rice-Fish-Poultry
2. Rice-Rice-Cereal Rice- Lentil Rice-Fish-Duckery
3. Rice-Rice-Pulses Rice-Mustard/Linseed
4 Rice-Wheat-Pulse Rice-Barley
5. Rice-Toria-Wheat Rice-Wheat
6. Rice-Mustard
Source: Mangal Deep et al, 2018

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Resource conservation technologies for different agroclimatic zones of Uttar

enhancing production of horticultural crops Pradesh. International Journal of
Agriculture Sciences, 10 (14): 6712-
Micro-irrigation system 6715.
Kumar, Sujit. 2018. Doubling farmers income
Rain water harvesting with production enhancement through
productivity gains. Journal of
Mulching Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
7(1): 1904-1909.
Farm mechanization Mangal Deep, Kumar, R.M., Saha, Soumya
and Singh, Aarti. 2018. Rice based
Recycling of farm/ processing industry waste cropping systems for enhancing
productivity of food grains in India.
Role of ICT in doubling income of farmer Indian Farming, 68 (01): 27-30.
through horticultural crops Munda G.C., Ghosh P.K., Das A., Ngachan
S.V., and Bujarbaruah K.M., 2007.
References Advances in Organic Farming
Technology in India, Director, ICAR
Chand, R. 2017. Doubling Farmers Income- Research Complex for NEH Region,
Rationale, Strategy, Prospects and Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, pp.585
Action Plan. Niti Policy Paper Purohit, S.S. and Gehlot, D.2006. In ‘Trends
No.1/2017, National Institution of in Organic Farming’, Agrobio India,
Transforming India, New Delhi, pp.40. Jodhpur Rajasthan.
De, L.C. and Singh, D.R. 2017. Natural Saikia, D. and Bordoloi, R. 2019. Strategic
resources in North East region of interventions on horticultural sector for
India. International Journal of doubling farmers income in Assam by
Agricultural Science and Research, 2022-23. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3
7(5): 51-66. (1): 56-58.
Gangaiah, B. 2018. Challenges and Singh, N.P.2018. Pulses as candidate crops for
opportunity for Indian Agriculture. 3rd doubling Farmers income. Indian
International Conference on Farming, 68(01): 36-43.
Agriculture and Horticulture, 2168. Singh, Mahak, Mollier, R.T., Rajesha, G.,
Gautam, U.S., Singh, Anand, Shahi, B.P., Nguillie, A.M., Rajkhowa, D.J.,
Singh, Maneesh Kumar and Rajkumar, U., Paswan, Chandan and
Srivastava, D.S. 2018. Strategies for Chatterjee, R.N. 2018. Bacyard poultry
dubling farmers income through farming with Vanaraja and Srinidhi.
horticulture based interventions in Indian Farming, 68 (01): 80-82.

How to cite this article:

De, L. C., Tulipa De, R. K. Pamarthi and Singh, R. K. 2019. Agri-Horticultural Interventions
for Doubling of Farmer’s Income. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 8(12): 1414-1425.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.171

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