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NBME 24 Topics

This document provides a summary of various topics that may be covered on NBME exams. Some key points include: methylated DNA is resistant to restriction endonucleases; adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer type in areas of previous scarring; and subscapularis is the only internal rotator of the shoulder joint. Mitochondrial disorders present with decreased max oxygen consumption and increased venous lactate.

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Steele Fisher
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790 views5 pages

NBME 24 Topics

This document provides a summary of various topics that may be covered on NBME exams. Some key points include: methylated DNA is resistant to restriction endonucleases; adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer type in areas of previous scarring; and subscapularis is the only internal rotator of the shoulder joint. Mitochondrial disorders present with decreased max oxygen consumption and increased venous lactate.

Uploaded by

Steele Fisher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NBME 24 Topics

 Methylated DNA is resistant to restriction endonucleases.

 Adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer to occur at the site of previous lung
scarring.
 An erection is due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the deep artery of the penis
(cavernosus artery)
 Histamine is responsible for blister formation in a 2nd degree burn.
 Multiple fetal fractures during the birthing process and a “Wormian skull bone
appearance” is Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1.
 Subscapularis is the only internal rotator of the SItS muscles.

 Mitochondrial Disorders:
o Maximum O2 consumption decreased
o Venous blood lactate increased
o Energy production by glycolysis increased


o H: Spinothalamic Tract
o G: Corticospinal Tract
o F: Nucleus Fasciculus
o E: Nucleus Gracilis

NBME 18

 Delayed effects of warfarin 24 hours later after the initiation of a heparin bridge are
contributed to the long half-life of factor II (prothrombin)


o A: Mitochondria
o B: SER
o C: unknown gunk
o D: probably Lysosome
o E: cytosplasm
o F: RER
 In jersey finger, patients are unable to bend their DIP joints due to damage to the Flexor
Digitorum Profundus. (Flexor Digitorum Superficialis attaches to the PIPs)
 Vaginal Prolapse:
o Anterior Prolapse is associated with a cystocele (descent of bladder)
o Posterior Prolapse is associated with a rectocele (descent of rectum)
 Patients with seizure disorders must be seizure-free for 2 years to drive.
 Athletes hearts demonstrate eccentric hypertrophy


o Entrance Point for Laminectomy: Point D
o A: Body
o B: Pedicle
o C: Transverse Process
o D: Lamina
o E: Spinous Process

Free 120

 The tingible body macrophages (stars) in the starry sky appearance of Burkitt’s
Lymphoma are due to phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphoma cells. (Inherent to the c-myc
mutation and uncontrolled proliferation is apoptosis)
 The parathyroid glands are supplied by the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the
thyrocervical trunk

 Lymphatic drainage of a cancer on the tip of the tongue (oral cavity) would travel first
to the submental or submandibular lymph nodes

 Diagnose/Determine carrier status in Fragile X syndrome with Southern Blot (or PCR)

 Septic Pulmonary Edema causes increased vascular permability, interstitial oncotic


pressure (increased fluid and proteins in lung), lymph flow (must flow excess fluid out of
lungs)

 Karyotypes (of chromosomes, 21, 22, 13, 14, 15) should be done to determine if an
individual carries a Robertsonian translocation

 IL-2 is a cytokine produced exclusively by activated T lymphocytes

 Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy: Due to mutated GNAS1 which is an alpha subunit


of Gs protein that mediated the effects of PTH.

o Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Maternal Defect Inherited): End Organ Resistance


to PTH + AHO findings (short stature, short fingers)

o Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (Paternal Defect Inherited): AHO findings


with NO END ORGAN RESISTANCE TO PTH (only maternal GNAS1 is expressed in
kidneys)

 Ablation of the thoracic sympathetic trunk is a potential treatment for refractory


hyperhidrosis of the pits.
 Most efferent neuron axons are myelinated with the notable exception of
postganglionic autonomic neurons, which are unmyelinated.
 The primary differentiator of lipoma from liposarcoma is scalloping of the nuclear
membrane in liposarcoma
 dsDNA viruses (except Poxvirus) replicate using host DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase
 Danazol is a synthetic androgen used to suppress pituitary LH and FSH release. It is used
in endometriosis, hemophilia, and ITP.
 The ocular deposits seen in Wilson’s Disease (Kayser-Fleischer Rings) are located in
Descemet’s membrane of the cornea. Where as Lisch-nodules seen in NF-1 are located
in the Iris.
 A breast mass changing in size with hormones is LITERALLY FUCKING ALWAYS
fibroadenoma.
 Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome is associated with CDKN2A mutatons on 9p21 and places
you at a much greater risk of melanoma. The cells are described as dermal-epidermal
aggregates of large cells that fuse with adjacent nests. Individual atypical cells have
irregular nuclear contours, hyperchromasia, and are round or spindle-shaped.
 A complete mole is differentiated from a partial mole by negative p57 staining.
 Progesterone mediates the GI adaptations of pregnancy including
o Decreased LES tone (GERD)
o Reduced gallbladder motility (cholestasis and cholelithiasis) + estrogen
promotes cholesterol secretion into bile
o Decreased colonic smooth muscle activity (constipation)
 Herpesviruses are unique among viruses in that they aquire their envelope from the
nuclear membrane (most take it from the plasma membrane)
 Dorsal Medulla is site of inspiratory center and is responsible for sending impulses via
the phrenic nerve to automate breathing (ventral medulla controls expiration but this is
usually passive and it is less important)
 In hyperkalemia with cardiac manifestations (arrythmias) you give calcium gluconate
first! (while hyperkalemia elevates the resting membrane potential, calcium raises the
threshold potential which stabilizes the membrane)
 Non-Disjunction in Meiosis 1 allows for 2 different chromosomes to be inherited from
one parent (MOST COMMON). Non-disjunction in Meiosis 2 causes 2 copies of the same
chromosome to be inherited from one parent.
 Thyroid Carcinomas:
o Papillary (most common): BRAF & RET/PTC
o Follicular: K RAS
o Medullary: RET (MEN 2A/2B)
o Anaplastic: TP53

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