CH 05
CH 05
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
1) What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? 1)
29 31 60 60
A) Cu B) Cu C) 29Cu D) Cu E) Cu
60 29 31 29
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-1
2) The nuclear symbol of helium, 4 He, is also the symbol for a(n) 2)
2
A) alpha particle.
B) gamma ray.
C) proton.
D) neutron.
E) beta particle.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-2
1
3) The symbol 0 e is a symbol used for a(n) 3)
-1
A) beta particle.
B) proton.
C) gamma ray.
D) neutron.
E) alpha particle.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-3
5) A positron is a particle emitted from the nucleus that has the same mass as a(n) 5)
A) alpha particle.
B) beta particle.
C) electron but has a positive charge.
D) proton emitted from the nucleus.
E) neutron but has a positive charge.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-5
2
6) Which of the following types of radiation has the highest energy? 6)
A) visible light
B) beta particles
C) alpha particles
D) gamma rays
E) All of these have the same energy.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-6
3
9) For 85 Sr, there are 9)
38
A) 38 protons and 47 neutrons.
B) 47 protons and 38 neutrons.
C) 85 protons and 47 neutrons.
D) 85 protons and 38 neutrons.
E) 38 protons and 85 neutrons.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-9
11) Gamma rays require the heaviest shielding of all the common types of nuclear radiation because 11)
gamma rays have the
A) largest particles.
B) most intense color.
C) lowest energy.
D) heaviest particles.
E) highest energy.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-11
4
12) If absorbed internally, alpha particle emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles 12)
A) consist of high energy electrons.
B) have the greatest mass.
C) consist of pure energy.
D) have the largest charge.
E) have the greatest energy.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-12
13) The process in which a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by emitting radiation is known as 13)
A) radioactive decay.
B) transformation.
C) fusion.
D) transmutation.
E) a chain reaction.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-13
5
15) The nuclear reaction shown below is an example of what type of process? 15)
224 220 4
Th Rn + He
90 88 2
A) fission
B) beta decay
C) fusion
D) alpha decay
E) translation
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-15
16) When a positron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the mass number 16)
A) remains the same.
B) increases by one unit.
C) decreases by two units.
D) increases by two units.
E) decreases by one unit.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-16
6
17) When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass 17)
A) increases by two units.
B) decreases by two units.
C) decreases by four units.
D) increases by one unit.
E) remains the same.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-17
18) When a gamma ray is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass 18)
A) decreases by two units.
B) decreases by one unit.
C) increases by one unit.
D) increases by two units.
E) remains the same.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-18
7
20) The product from the alpha decay of 235 U is 20)
92
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-20
21) Nitrogen-17 is a beta emitter. What is the isotope produced by the radioactive decay? 21)
13 17 18 18 13
A) F B) O C) C D) N E) B
9 8 6 7 5
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-21
126 126
Sn Sb + ?
50 51
is an example of
A) alpha decay.
B) beta decay.
C) fusion.
D) fission.
E) translation.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-22
8
23) What particle is emitted in the following nuclear reaction? 90 Sr 90 Y + ? 23)
38 39
A) alpha particle
B) proton
C) neutron
D) gamma ray
E) beta particle
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-23
24) What particle is emitted in the following nuclear reaction? 159 W 155 Hf + ? 24)
74 72
A) beta particle
B) alpha particle
C) proton
D) neutron
E) gamma ray
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-24
9
25) What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below? 25)
10 4 13
B + He N + ________
5 2 7
A) a neutron
B) gamma radiation
C) a beta particle
D) a positron
E) an alpha particle
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-25
10 4 1
B + He ________ + n
5 2 0
A) 14 N B) a neutron C) 13 N D) 13 N E) 13 B
7 7 5 7
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-26
10
27) What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below? 27)
66 1
Zn + H ________
30 1
A) 67 Ga B) 65 Cu C) a proton D) 67 Zn E) 66 Ga
31 29 31 31
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-27
28) What is the radiation particle used in the bombardment of nitrogen-14? 28)
14 14 1
N+? C+ H
7 6 1
A) gamma ray
B) proton
C) neutron
D) alpha particle
E) beta particle
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-28
11
29) When aluminum-27 is bombarded with a neutron, a gamma ray is emitted. What radioactive 29)
isotope is produced?
A) aluminum-28
B) magnesium-28
C) silicon-27
D) magnesium-27
E) silicon-28
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-29
12
32) A sample of cerium-141 for a diagnostic test was dissolved in saline solution to an activity of 4.5 32)
mCi/mL. If the patient undergoing the test needs a dose of 10. mCi, how much of the solution
should be injected into the patient?
A) 22 mL B) 45 mL C) 2.2 mL D) 4.5 mL E) .45 mL
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-32
33) The unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material is called the 33)
A) rem. B) MPD. C) RBE. D) rad. E) curie.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-33
34) A patient receives 4.2 × 103 mrads of iodine-131, which emits -particles. If the factor that adjusts 34)
for biological damage is 1 for beta particles, how many rems did the patient receive?
A) 0.40 B) 4.0 C) 40. D) 2.0 E) 0.30
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-34
13
35) A patient receives 10 mrads of gamma radiation. If the factor that adjusts for biological damage 35)
for for gamma radiation is 1, how many mrems did the patient receive?
A) 2 mrem
B) 200 mrem
C) 20 mrem
D) 10 mrem
E) 5 mrem
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-35
36) A sample of technetium-99m has an activity of 1.5 Ci. How many disintegrations occur in the 36)
technetium-99m sample in 5.0 sec?
A) 2.8 × 1011 disintegrations
B) 5.6 × 1010 disintegrations
C) 7.5 disintegrations
D) 2.0 × 10-10 disintegrations
E) 1.1 × 1010 disintegrations
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-36
14
38) The recommended dosage of I-131 for a test is 4.2 µCi/kg of body weight. How many mCi should 38)
be given to a 55 kg patient? (1 mCi = 1000 µCi)
A) 230 mCi
B) 0.23 mCi
C) 13.8 mCi
D) 0.076 mCi
E) 760 mCi
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-38
40) Why is it important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives? 40)
A) These radioisotopes are less expensive.
B) This is necessary so the radioisotopes will have high energy.
C) These radioisotopes are more abundant in nature.
D) These radioisotopes have a greater activity so they are easier to monitor.
E) This minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-40
15
41) Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How many hours is three half-lives? 41)
A) 30 hours B) 45 hours C) 7.5 hours D) 60 hours E) 15 hours
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-41
43) Iodine-123, which is used for diagnostic imaging in the thyroid, has a half-life of 13 hours. If 50.0 43)
mg of I-123 were prepared at 8:00 A.M. on Monday, how many mg remain at 10:00 A.M. on the
following day?
A) 3.13 mg B) 50.0 mg C) 25.0 mg D) 12.5 mg E) 6.25 mg
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-43
16
44) A wooden object from a prehistoric site has a carbon-14 activity of 10 counts per minute (cpm) 44)
compared to 40 cpm for new wood. If carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years, what is the age of
the wood?
A) 17,200 yr B) 22,900 yr C) 1430 yr D) 11,500 yr E) 5730 yr
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-44
45) Krypton-79 has a half-life of 35 hours. How many half-lives have passed after 105 hours? 45)
A) 1 half-life
B) 2 half-lives
C) 3 half-lives
D) 4 half-lives
E) 5 half-lives
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-45
46) The half-life of bromine-74 is 25 min. How much of a 4.0 mg sample is still active after 75 min? 46)
A) 0.25 mg B) 1.0 mg C) 2.0 mg D) 0.50 mg E) 4.0 mg
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-46
17
47) An imaging technique in which a computer monitors the degree of absorption of X-ray beams is 47)
known as
A) a scan.
B) positron emission tomography (PET).
C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
D) radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU).
E) computed tomography (CT).
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-47
48) An imaging technique that detects the energy emitted by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field is 48)
known as
A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
B) positron emission tomography (PET).
C) radioactive tracer study.
D) supermagnetic tomography (SMT).
E) computed tomography (CT).
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-48
49) The most widely used medical isotope in nuclear medicine is 49)
A) Tc-99m. B) I-131. C) I-125. D) Co-60. E) P-32.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-49
18
50) The dosage of technetium-99m for myocardial imaging is 280 µCi/kg of body weight. How many 50)
mCi should be given to a patient weighing 65 kg? (1 mCi = 1000 µCi)
A) 0.0043 mCi
B) 4.3 mCi
C) 230 mCi
D) 1.8 × 104 mCi
E) 18 mCi
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-50
51) A patient receives 3.0 mL of a solution containing technetium-99m for a breast image. If the 51)
activity of the technetium-99m is 9.5 mCi/mL, what is the dose received by the patient?
A) 320 µCi B) 28.5 mCi C) 29 mCi D) 9.5 mCi E) 3.2 mCi
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-51
52) When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons, it splits into smaller nuclei and 52)
produces a great amount of energy. This nuclear process is called
A) chain reaction.
B) ionization.
C) fusion.
D) decomposition.
E) fission.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-52
19
53) In the Sun, nuclei of hydrogen combine to form a larger nucleus and release a great amount of 53)
energy. The process is known as
A) ionization.
B) metathesis.
C) fission.
D) chain reaction.
E) fusion.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ID: chem6tl 5.1-53
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the
question.
54) One symbol for the beta particle . Another symbol for the same particle is ________. 54)
Answer: 0 e
-1
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-1
55) 99m Tc 99
Tc + ________ 55)
43 43
0
Answer: or
0
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-2
Answer: 142 Ba
56
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-3
Answer: 90 Y
39
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-4
20
58) The radiation dose required to produce death in one-half of the exposed subject animals 58)
is termed the ________.
Answer: LD50
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-5
59) A sample of phosphorus-32 with an activity of 2.0 mCi produces ________ disintegrations per
59)
second.
(1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations/sec).
Answer: 7.4 × 107
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-6
60) The common unit of radioactivity which is used to measure the biological damage is the 60)
________.
Answer: rem
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-7
61) The time needed for a radioactive sample to decay to one-half of its original activity is 61)
called the ________.
Answer: half-life
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-8
62) The radioisotope used as a diagnostic tool to measure thyroid function is ________. 62)
Answer: I-131
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-9
63) The diagnostic imaging technique that depends on magnetic fields and radio waves, not 63)
radioactivity, is called ________.
Answer: MRI or magnetic resonance imaging
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-10
64) The process by which a large nucleus breaks into smaller pieces, releasing large amounts 64)
of energy is called nuclear ________.
Answer: fission
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.2-11
21
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
65) The production of nitrogen-13 and a neutron from boron-10 by bombardment with a helium-4 65)
nucleus is an example of radioactive decay.
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-1
69) Exposure to radiation is unavoidable because some radioactive elements occur naturally. 69)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-5
70) One symptom of radiation sickness is an increased production of red blood cells. 70)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-6
71) Irradiation of food for sterilization is usually carried out using gamma irradiation. 71)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-7
72) Irradiated food contains small amounts of added radioactive isotopes. 72)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-8
22
73) One mCi of a radioactive substance emits more radiation than one µCi of the same substance. 73)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-9
74) Medical radioisotopes used for diagnostic purposes typically have short half-lives. 74)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-10
75) If the half-life of hydrogen-3 is 11.8 years, after two half-lives the radioactivity of a sample will 75)
be reduced to one-half of the original amount.
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-11
76) Carbon-11 has a half-life of 20 min. A 64 mCi sample has an activity of 32 mCi after 1.0 hour. 76)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-12
77) One type of radiation that is not usually used for medical procedures is the cosmic ray. 77)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-13
78) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses high energy X-rays. 78)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-14
79) Nuclear fission as used in nuclear power plants produces radioactive waste with long half-lives. 79)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-15
23
81) Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission both release large amounts of energy. 81)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
ID: chem6tl 5.3-17
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Choose the type of radiation from Column 2 that best matches each item in Column 1.
85) 1 H 85)
1
Answer: B
ID: chem6tl 5.4-4
86) 1 n 86)
0
Answer: F
ID: chem6tl 5.4-5
87) 0 e 87)
+1
Answer: A
ID: chem6tl 5.4-6
88) 0 e 88)
-1
Answer: E
ID: chem6tl 5.4-7
24
Indicate whether each of the following is characteristic of the fission or fusion process.
25
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
1) E
Diff: 0
2) A
Diff: 0
3) A
Diff: 0
4) B
Diff: 0
5) C
Diff: 0
6) D
Diff: 0
7) C
Diff: 0
8) E
Diff: 0
9) A
Diff: 0
10) C
Diff: 0
11) E
Diff: 0
12) B
Diff: 0
13) A
Diff: 0
14) E
Diff: 0
15) D
Diff: 0
16) A
Diff: 0
17) C
Diff: 0
18) E
Diff: 0
19) C
Diff: 0
20) E
Diff: 0
21) B
Diff: 0
26
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
22) B
Diff: 0
23) E
Diff: 0
24) B
Diff: 0
25) A
Diff: 0
26) C
Diff: 0
27) A
Diff: 0
28) C
Diff: 0
29) A
Diff: 0
30) E
Diff: 0
31) C
Diff: 0
32) C
Diff: 0
33) D
Diff: 0
34) B
Diff: 0
35) D
Diff: 0
36) A
Diff: 0
37) C
Diff: 0
38) B
Diff: 0
39) C
Diff: 0
40) E
Diff: 0
41) B
Diff: 0
42) B
Diff: 0
27
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
43) D
Diff: 0
44) D
Diff: 0
45) C
Diff: 0
46) D
Diff: 0
47) E
Diff: 0
48) A
Diff: 0
49) A
Diff: 0
50) E
Diff: 0
51) C
Diff: 0
52) E
Diff: 0
53) E
Diff: 0
54) 0 e
-1
Diff: 0
55) or 0
0
Diff: 0
56) 142 Ba
56
Diff: 0
57) 90 Y
39
Diff: 0
58) LD50
Diff: 0
60) rem
Diff: 0
61) half-life
Diff: 0
28
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
62) I-131
Diff: 0
64) fission
Diff: 0
65) FALSE
Diff: 0
66) FALSE
Diff: 0
67) TRUE
Diff: 0
68) FALSE
Diff: 0
69) TRUE
Diff: 0
70) FALSE
Diff: 0
71) TRUE
Diff: 0
72) FALSE
Diff: 0
73) TRUE
Diff: 0
74) TRUE
Diff: 0
75) FALSE
Diff: 0
76) FALSE
Diff: 0
77) TRUE
Diff: 0
78) FALSE
Diff: 0
79) TRUE
Diff: 0
80) FALSE
Diff: 0
81) TRUE
Diff: 0
82) D
Diff: 0
29
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
83) E
Diff: 0
84) C
Diff: 0
85) B
Diff: 0
86) F
Diff: 0
87) A
Diff: 0
88) E
Diff: 0
89) A
Diff: 0
90) B
Diff: 0
91) B
Diff: 0
92) A
Diff: 0
93) C
Diff: 0
94) B
Diff: 0
30