Utah State Mathematics Contest

Senior Exam Solutions

1. (d) 60
Carving out one corner of the shape and re- re-orienting gives the H
following image. There are %& ' () ways for the ‘H’ to trace out to C C
the ‘M’. Four times over would be 64, but that would be double-double- R R R
counting the far-
far-left/right paths (the vertical/horizontal paths in the A A A A
original image) each twice. M M M M M
&√6
2. (b) % 4
6
The trisected right angle forms 30° angles, so two of the thre
three
e triangles are 30-
30-60-
60-90 triangles. Length
%√6 %√6
CD must be √6.. Length BD must be 2. Length DE is . △BED is isosceles, so length BE is also .
6 6
>?(@)
3. (e)
A
D
>?CEF
Solving for B gives ' . Since D ' @E,, it must
must be (e).
A
G
4. (b)
(HG
An increase in price by G percent is equivalent to multiplying by (( 4 G).. This would be
( G
counterbalanced by multiplying sales by . This represents a decrease of .
(HG (HG
(
5. (a)
@
Assuming that each team is equally likely to win each game, and that each outcome is independent,
then a five-
five-game series, played to completion, has 32 equally likely possible outcomes. There are five
which fit the given conditions. LLJJJ, JLLJJ, JLJLJ, JLJJL, JLJJJ. (Granted, the fourth and fifth scenarios
cannot occur; however, that would make the 4-game outcome JLJJ twice as likely as any specific
completed five-game scenario, as it encompasses the two outcomes JLJJL and JLJJJ) In only one of
these five equally likely situations
situations do the Lakers win Game 1.
6. (c) 16
Q(QH() Q! %·(QU()!
The sum of the first Q integers is equivalent to . For this to divide Q!,, Q(QS() ' (QH()
must be an
%
%
integer. For this to occur, (Q 4 () must be a composite number (or it must must be 2). For Q V %&,, Q will be
composite if it is a member of the following set: X(, 6, @, Y, Z, [, ((, (6, (&, (@, (Y, ([, %\, %(, %6, %&]..
7. (d) 7
(\ ( ( Y (\ ( ( Y
Writing out the sequence gives the following pattern: `Y, (\, , , , , Y, (\, , , , … b.. The
Y Y (\ (\ Y Y (\ (\
cycle repeats every six steps. Since 2011 is 1 (mod 6), then the 2011th step must be a 7.
(
8. (a) d
6
(
The equations of the two lines are e ' fg 4 h and e ' d g d h.. Using the given point, the equations
f
)
become Z ' )f 4 h and Z ' d d h.. Solving this system of equations gives f ' 6 and h ' d(\..
f
9. (e) 1680
Q(QU()
The first element in the QBi set is % (0, 1, 3, 6, 10… are triangular numbers). Thus, the first element
in the 15th set is 105, and the last element would be 119. The sum of these fifteen consecutive integers
(([·(%\ (\&·(\@
is d (the sum of the first 119 integers minus the sum of the first 104 integers), or 1680.
% %
10.
10. (b) $24
Fifty figures sell for a total of $1200. When combined, the average price should be $1200/50'$24.
6√6
11. (b)
k
Let the perimeter of the triangle be )g,, where each side length is %g.. Then the
height of the triangle, using 30-
30-60-
60-90 proportions,
proportions, is √6g.. As well, the center of
the circle/triangle is two-
two-thirds of the height of the triangle, making the
%√6 & & [ 6√6
radius g,, and the area kg% . Solving )g ' kg% gives g ' , or a radius of
6 6 6 %k k

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12.
12. (c)
(c) 55
g mnopq (iA @%Z\ sB ( BitmG @%Z\ · g BitmGq ((g BitmGq g BitmGq
· · · ' ' u
( iA 6)\\ qpr ( mnop Z\ sB Z\ · 6)\\ qpr )\\ qpr @&. @ qpr
%@
13.
13. (e) %&
& (
( ( ( %@
This is the sum of two geometric series. C& ∑w
nx( @n F 4 C∑nx( @%n F '
w @
( 4 %@
( ' (4 ' .
(U (U %& %&
@ %@
g6
14. (a) s(g) '
y&g% H(
Of the given options, only in the case of this function is it true for all g that s(dg) ' ds(g)..
15. (e) 5.1 mph
The first trip takes 40 hours, while the return takes 70 hours. The combined distance of 560 miles
divided by the combined time of 110 hours makes for an average speed of approximately
approximately 5.09 mph.
16. (a) 4
>{|(g d %) 4 >{|(dg 4 [) ' >{|(dg% 4 ((g d (Z) V (.. This is equivalent to the equation
(dg% 4 ((g d (Z) V (\.. Solving the quadratic inequality yields Xg|g V & ~A g  Y].. The domain of
expression is Xg|% € g € [].. The only integer values which can satisfy both parameters are
the original expression
the set X6, &, Y, Z]..
17. (c) 36
Let the number of yellow, green, and blue cubes be , ‚, ƒ,, respectively. Translating the given
information (and multiplying out denominators)
denominators) gives %‚  ƒ and 6‚ V .. As well, ƒ 4 ‚  6&..
Substituting, %‚ 4 ‚  ƒ 4 ‚  6&,, or 6‚  6&.. Since , ‚, ƒ are positive integers, ‚  (%.. Further,
  6‚  6)..
6
18.
18. (d) %
YHg (@Hg
Using the given information, ' . Solving gives g ' [. The first three terms in the geometric
(@Hg %YHg
6
sequence are 16, 24, 36, and the common ratio is .
%
19. (b) 3
For integer values of Q,, the expression can take the values X( 4 (, n d n, d( d (, dn 4 n ],, or X%, \, d%]..
20. (a) 0
(
Given g 4 6 ' , or g% d [ ' (.. Therefore, g ' „√(\,, which add to a total of 0.
gU6
21. (c) ds(dg)
g
sU( (g) ' ' ds(dg).
(Hg
22.
22. (a) 59
To minimize ƒ,, it must be assumed that the only possible prime factors are 2, 3 and 5. To meet meet the
given conditions, ƒ ' %%mU( 66QU( @@GU( , where m, Q, G are all positive integers. Also, (%m d ()must must
be a multiple of 3 and 5, (6Q d () must be a multiple of 2 and 5, and (@G d ()must must be a multiple of 2
smallest possible outcome, (%m d () ' (@,, (6Q d () ' %\,, (@G d () ' %&,, meaning
and 3. For the smallest
ƒ ' %(@ 6%\ @%& , which has 59 total prime factors (not all distinct).
23.
23. (d) 6√Y
Drawing an altitude for △CDM, the small ghost shape is a 30-30-60-
60-90
6√6 6
triangle. Given
Given that the hypotenuse is 3, the height must be and the base must be . As well, CD must
% %
(@ 6√6
have length 6. Now, the combo right triangle (pictured) has base and height . By the Pythagorean
% %
%%@ %Y
Theorem, the hypotenuse is † 4 ' √)6 ' 6√Y..
& &
24.
24. (d) 154
Let g ' (\f 4 h and e ' (\h 4 f,, where f, h are one- one-digit positive integers. Then g% d e% '
((\f 4 h) d ((\h 4 f) ' [[f d [[h ' [[(f d h)(f 4 h).. This can only be a square
% % % %
square if 11
divides (f d h)(f 4 h).. Since these are one-
one-digit numbers, f 4 h ' ((.. As well, f d h is a square, and
in this case must be 1. Now, f ' ),, h ' @,, leading to g ' )@,, e ' @),, and ‡ ' √[[ · (( · ( ' 66..

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25. (b) 800%
Increasing the radius by 200% 200% is equivalent to tripling the radius – not, as so many might instantly
interpret, doubling it. Therefore, the area is nine times the original (or 800% bigger).
26. (e) 1
g@ d g& 4 Yg6 d Yg% 4 (%g d (% ' (g d ()(g& 4 Yg% 4 (%) ' (g d ()(g% 4 6)(g% 4 &),, which has
one real root and four non-
non-real roots.
27. (b) 3
The sum of the exterior angles of any convex polygon is 360°. If any interior angle is acute, then the
associated exterior angle must be obtuse, or greater than 90°. Since Since 4 or more obtuse angles would
necessarily add to make more than 360°, there cannot be more than three acute interior angles. It is
worth noting that the number of sides of the polygon is completely irrelevant to the problem.
28.
28. (e) 12
r& d r% ' (r d ()(r% )(r 4 () is the product of three consecutive non- non-negative integers (with the
middle factor duplicated once). One of these three numbers must be a multiple of three. As well, if r is
even, r% is a multiple of 4. If r is odd, both (r d () and (r 4 () are even. This expression must be a
multiple of both 3 and 4, or a multiple of 12.
6\
29. (b)
((
Looking at the left side of a cross section of the inscribed shapes, there are
two distinct similar right triangles above and to the left
left of the square
(cylinder). If the left half of the square has base g and height %g,, then the upper-
upper-left
triangle has base g and height (% d %g,, and the lower-
lower-left triangle has base @ d g
%g (%U%g
and height %g . As these triangles are similar,
similar, the proportion
proportion @Ug ' g must must hold.
6\
Solving for g gives , which is the radius of the cylinder.
((
30. (e) Any of these may be true
(a) (b) (c) (d)

31.
31. (c) -1
This is the equation of an ellipse with horizontal-
horizontal- and vertical-
vertical-axis lengths of 2 and 3, respectively.
Given that it is tangent to the x- y-axes, then it must be centered at (%, 6),, (%, d6),, (d%, 6),,
x- and y-
or (d%, d6).. Thus, the sum of i and Š can only be 5, 1, -1, or 5.
32.
32. (c) 19
Let the length, width,
width, and height be called ‹, Œ, ,, respectively.
respectively. From the given information,
‹ · Œ ' (\,, ‹ ·  ' 6,, Œ ·  ' (%.. It follows that ‹ · Œ · ‹ ·  · Œ ·  ' ‹% Œ% % ' (‹Œ)% ' 6)\..
Thus the volume is √6)\ u ([..
33. (a) it increases
With respect
respect to Q,, Ž is a ratio of two linear expressions. Assuming all other variables are constant,
D D
>Q‘w Ž ' “ \.. If Q ' \,, then Ž ' \.. So, as Q ‘ ∞,, Ž must be strictly increasing from \ ‘ .
’ ’
34. (b) 20
%@Hg
The mode is 2, the mean is , and the median is 2, 4, or g.. Since the numbers form a non-
non-constant
Y
arithmetic progression, the median is not 2. For the median to be 4, g  &.. If the median is 4, the mean
must be 0, 3 or 6 (to maintain an arithmetic progression). By this reasoning,
reasoning, g ' d%@,, g ' d& or
g ' (Y.. However, g ' d& and g ' d%@ create contradictions. For the median to be g,, it must be the
case that % € g € &,, giving a unique solution of g ' 6.. So, g is 3 or 17.
35. (b) %√%
Call D ' y@ 4 %√) and ƒ ' y@ d %√).. It follows that D% ' @ 4 %√),, ƒ% ' @ d %√),, and
Dƒ ' √%@ d %& ' (.. (D d ƒ)% ' D% d %Dƒ 4 ƒ% ' @ 4 %√) d % 4 @ d %√) ' Z. Therefore,
D d ƒ ' √Z ' %√%..

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36. (d) 1
Rearrange the equations to create Zm 4 [e ' G 4 (% and [m d Ze ' d(%G 4 (.. Squaring Squaring both
yields )&m% 4 (&&mQ 4 Z(Q% ' G% 4 %&G 4 (&& and Z(m% d (&&mQ 4 )&Q% ' (&&G% d %&G 4
(.. Add the square equations to give (&@m% 4 (&@Q% ' (&@G% 4 (&@.. Dividing both sides by 145
gives m% 4 Q% ' G% 4 (.. Lastly, m% 4 Q% d G% ' (..
37. (a) 1
>{| ƒ >{| D
Using the change-of-base formula, >{| D ' >{| ƒ , or (>{| ƒ)% ' (>{| D)% . Now, |>{| ƒ| ' |>{| D|.. Since
change-of-
(
D • ƒ,, then D ' , meaning that Dƒ ' (..
ƒ
38. (c) 40
6&
Dividing the fraction yields @g 4 (@ 4 . The slant asymptote is @g 4 (@.. Thus, m% 4 h ' &\..
gU6
39.
39. (c) 20
Call the three numbers f, h, r,, where E ' fhr.. Then:
Then:
6 · (\) € f € & · (\) ) · (\) € h € Y · (\) Y · (\) € r € Z · (\)
This leads to the fact that (%) · (\ € E € %%& · (\ , or (. %) · (\ € E € %. %& · (\%\ . Since
(Z (Z %\

√(\ “ 6,, then %\ € >{| E € %\. @..

40.
40. (e) 64√%
64
The height of the triangular shade can be thought of as a decreasing
geometric series of similar trapezoids,
trapezoids, where thethe first ball has diameter 8,
( ( Z
then 4, then 2, 1, , , etc.,
etc., and the height of the triangle is ( ' ().. Each ball
% & (U
%
can be considered a similar part of a geometric series of shapes. Consider
the lowest one on the original diagram. The height of the attached
attached figure
is 8, and the right side of the shape is dissected into two pairs of
congruent triangles (proven through side- side-side-
ide-side cor
correspondence).
respondence). If the lower base of this
trapezoid
trapezoid is &g,, and the upper base is %g,, then the slant side of the trapezoid must be %g 4 g ' 6g
(through the congruent
congruent triangles). Looking at the left-left-most triangle in the diagram, the sides are
Pythagorean Theorem, g 4 Z ' (6g)% , which solves to g ' %√%.. Thus, the base of the
g, Z, 6g.. By the Pythagorean % %

trapezoid is Z√%.. The base and height of the original triangle are 16 and Z√%,, giving an area of 64√%.
64 .

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