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EE 504 B Signals and Systems

This document provides an overview of signals and systems and their applications in control, communications, signal processing, and multimedia. It discusses key areas such as control applications involving differential equations and transfer functions for controlling motors and valves. Communication applications involve transmitting information over channels using modulation techniques. Digital modulation is used in various technologies. Signal processing involves modifying signals to extract and enhance information, with examples in speech, images, underwater acoustics, and biological signals. Multimedia applications involve compression techniques for efficient transmission and storage of audio, images, and video.

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SagarManjrekar
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41 views

EE 504 B Signals and Systems

This document provides an overview of signals and systems and their applications in control, communications, signal processing, and multimedia. It discusses key areas such as control applications involving differential equations and transfer functions for controlling motors and valves. Communication applications involve transmitting information over channels using modulation techniques. Digital modulation is used in various technologies. Signal processing involves modifying signals to extract and enhance information, with examples in speech, images, underwater acoustics, and biological signals. Multimedia applications involve compression techniques for efficient transmission and storage of audio, images, and video.

Uploaded by

SagarManjrekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 504 B

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS


Application Areas
• Control
• Communications
• Signal Processing
Control Applications
• Industrial control and automation (Control
the velocity or position of an object)
• Examples: Controlling the position of a valve
or shaft of a motor
• Important Tools:
– Time-domain solution of differential
equations
– Transfer function (Laplace Transform)
– Stability
Communication Applications
• Transmission of information (signal) over a
channel
• The channel may be free space, coaxial cable,
fiber optic cable
• A key component of transmission:
Modulation (Analog and Digital
Communication)
Digital Modulation
• Used in CDs, digital cellular service, digital
phone lines and computer modems.
• Advantages:
– Can be encrypted
– Electronic routing of data is easier
– Digital storage faster
– Multimedia capability
Signal Processing Applications
• Signal processing=Application of algorithms to
modify signals in a way to make them more useful.
• Goals:
– Efficient and reliable transmission, storage and
display of information
– Information extraction and enhancement
• Examples:
– Speech and audio processing
– Multimedia processing (image and video)
– Underwater acoustic
– Biological signal analysis
Multimedia Applications
• Compression: Fast, efficient, reliable
transmission and storage of data
• Applied on audio, image and video data for
transmission over the Internet, storage
• Examples: CDs, DVDs, MP3, MPEG4, JPEG
• Mathematical Tools: Fourier Transform,
Quantization, Modulation
JPEG Example
43K 13K 3.5K

• JPEG uses Discrete-Cosine Transform (similar


to Fourier Transform)
Biological Signal Analysis
• Examples:
– Brain signals (EEG)
– Cardiac signals (ECG)
– Medical images (x-ray, PET, MRI)
• Goals:
– Detect abnormal activity (heart attack,
seizure)
– Help physicians with diagnosis
• Tools: Filtering, Fourier Transform
Biometrics

• Identifying a person using physiological


characteristics
• Examples:
– Fingerprint Identification
– Face Recognition
– Voice Recognition
Audio Signal Processing
• Active noise cancellation: Adaptive filtering
– Headphones used in cockpits
• Digital Audio Effects
– Add special music effects such as delay,
echo, reverb
• Audio signal separation
– Separate speech from interference
– Wind sound from music in cars
Filtering Example
THANK YOU

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