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PLCC Main Components and Arrangement: Transmission Line Capacitor

The document describes the main components and arrangement of a Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) system. It discusses: 1. The key components of a PLCC system include line traps, a master oscillator, power amplifier, transmitters, receivers, hybrids and filters, line tuners, and coupling capacitors. 2. Distance protection relays send signals over the transmission line using a coupling capacitor, line tuner, and carrier equipment to transmit signals to relays at the other end. 3. Coupling capacitors, line tuners, and drain coils work together to provide a path for carrier signals on the transmission line while blocking power frequency energy.

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119 views

PLCC Main Components and Arrangement: Transmission Line Capacitor

The document describes the main components and arrangement of a Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) system. It discusses: 1. The key components of a PLCC system include line traps, a master oscillator, power amplifier, transmitters, receivers, hybrids and filters, line tuners, and coupling capacitors. 2. Distance protection relays send signals over the transmission line using a coupling capacitor, line tuner, and carrier equipment to transmit signals to relays at the other end. 3. Coupling capacitors, line tuners, and drain coils work together to provide a path for carrier signals on the transmission line while blocking power frequency energy.

Uploaded by

vcuog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLCC Main components and arrangement

1. Line Traps
2. Master Oscillator
3. Power amplifier
4. Transmitters and Receivers
5. Hybrids and Filters
6. Line Tuners
7. Coupling capacitors

Distance protection relay in relay panel at one end of the transmission line gets the input
from CT and CVT in line. The output of relay goes to modem of PLCC. The output of
PLCC goes to coupling capacitor and then to transmission line and travels to another end
where it is received through coupling capacitor and inputted to relay and control panel at
that end.
1. Coupling capacitor connects the carrier equipment to the transmission line. The coupling
capacitor’s capacitance is of such a value that it offers low impedance to carrier frequency
(1/ωC) but high impedance to power frequency (50 Hz).
For example 2000pF capacitor offers 1.5MΩ to 50Hz but 150Ω to 500kHz.
Thus coupling capacitor allows carrier frequency signal to enter the carrier equipment. To
decrease the impedance further and make the circuit purely resistive so that there is no reactive
power in the circuit, low impedance is connected in series with coupling capacitor to form
resonance at carrier frequency.
2. The carrier energy on the transmission line must be directed toward the remote line
terminal and not toward the station bus and it must be isolated from bus impedance
variations. This task is performed by the line trap. The line trap is usually a form of a
parallel resonant circuit which is tuned to the carrier energy frequency. A parallel
resonant circuit has high impedance at its tuned frequency, and it then causes most of the
carrier energy to flow toward the remote line terminal. The coil of the line trap provides a
low impedance path for the flow of the power frequency energy. Since the power flow is
rather large at times, the coil used in a line trap must be large in terms of physical size.
Hence a line trap unit/Wave trap is inserted between busbar and connection of coupling
capacitor to the line. It is a parallel tuned circuit comprising of inductance (L) and
capacitance (C). It has low impedance (less than 0.1?) for power frequency (50 Hz) and
high impedance to carrier frequency. This unit prevents the high frequency carrier signal
from entering the neighboring line.

Parallel resonant circuit and series resonant circuit

High frequency carrier signal is generated in oscillator.


Oscillator can be crystal oscillator with which operation for a particular bandwidth can be
achieved. The output voltage of a oscillator is held constant by voltage stabilizer. The
output of oscillator is fed to amplifier so that loses in transmission can be compensated.
Losses
occurring in carrier current is termed as attenuation of carrier signal. They are mainly:
Losses in coupling equipment which are constant losses for a given carrier frequency
bandwidth.
Line losses vary with length line, size of line, weather condition etc…These losses for
underground line is more than overhead line. Frequency spacing is a process using
different carrier frequency in two adjacent transmission lines. Wave trap/Line trap help in
accomplishing this.
3. The purpose of the line tuner in conjunction with the coupling capacitor is to provide
low impedance path for the carrier energy to the transmission line and a high impedance
path to the power frequency energy.
The line tuner/coupling capacitor combination provides a low impedance path to the
power line by forming a series resonant circuit tuned to the carrier frequency.
On the other hand, the capacitance of the coupling capacitor is high impedance to the
power
frequency energy. Even though the coupling capacitor has high impedance at power
frequencies, there must be a path to ground in order that the capacitor may do its job.
This function is provided by the drain coil, which is in the base of the coupling capacitor.
The drain coil is designed to be low impedance at the power frequency and because of its
inductance it will have high impedance to the carrier frequency.
Thus the combination of the line tuner, coupling capacitor, and the drain coil provide the
necessary tools for coupling the carrier energy to the transmission line and blocking the
power frequency energy.
One last function of the line tuner is to provide matching of impedance between the
carrier coaxialcable, usually 50 to 75 ohms, and the power line which will have an
impedance of 150 to 500 ohms.

Over voltage can be caused due to lightning, switching and sudden loss of load etc. They
produce stress on coupling equipment and line trap units. Non linier resistor in series
with protective gap is connected across the line trap unit and inductor of coupling unit.
The gap is adjusted to spark at a set value of over voltage.
Coupling unit and PLCC equipment are earthed through a separate and dedicated system,
so that
ground potential rise of station earthing system does not affect the reference voltage
level/Power supply common ground of the PLCC equipment.

Hybrids and Filters:


The purpose of the hybrid circuits is to enable the connection of two or more transmitters
together on one coaxial cable without causing intermodulation distortion due to the signal
from one transmitter affecting the output stages of the other transmitter. Hybrids may also
be required between transmitters and receivers, depending on the application. The hybrid
circuits can, of course, cause large losses in the carrier path and must be used
appropriately. High/low-pass and band-pass networks may also be used, in some
applications, to isolate carrier equipment from each other.

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