Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
JAGNA DISTRICT

Quarter : 1 Week : 2 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3

Competency: : Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields CS-
RS12-Ia-c-2
Objective :
Topic : The importance of quantitative research acrosss fields.
Materials :
Reference : DIWA Senior High School Series Practical Research 2 p7
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:

Goals of Research
When you follow the scientific method in concluding research, you offer an explantion or clarification to
t he phenomena in question with greated reliability and vailidty. Every field of study relies so much on
this process to introduce advancement, novelity, and progress. Research, therefore, serve as the pillar of
global transformation. The following comprises the goals of scientific reserach:
1.Description. This refers to the way in which the phenomena being studied is defined, classified, and
categorized. The goal of describing is to provide essential information.
2.Prediction. It entails stating the possible consequences of present events based on existing
knowledge of something else. The purpose of prediction is to control one’s action and behavior
through careful planning derived from a given set of information.
3.Understaning/Explanation. This is the process of analyzing Research involves the
information to find out the causes behind phenomena. To understand
investigation of constructs and
and explain data, a relationship between event must already be
established; one should cause the effect to the other; and other ideas that constitute one’s
explanations of casuality between them must be ruled out. area of interest, or an
Imporatance of Research
Research is essential for the following reasons: important issue that needs to
1.Knowledge is established be resolved using appropriate
2.Perceptions are corrected
methods that fit the purpose
3.Phenomena are validated
4.Present solutions are tested for effectivity. of the study. The knowledge
5.Problems are solved. to be derived from this
investigation comes from
Activity
measurement and analysis of
data

Concept Notes:

Kinds of Variables

Quarter : 1 Week : 2 Day : 4 Activity No. : 4

Competency: : Differentiates kinds of variable and their uses. CS-RS12-Ia-c-3
Objective :
: The Nature
Topic To be better understand of Variables
and appreciate the process of research more, visit the links to
watch videos regarding
Materials : the research process:
1. “Research is: like
Reference a cooking”
DIWA Senior High School Series Practical Research 2 p8
Copyrights’(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9fkSzdLf7M
: For classroom use only
2. “Six Reasons Why research is Cool: Quiques Bassat at TEDxBarcelonaChange”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1b3iteSyg1I)

Write an essay telling what you’ve learned about the research process.

To understand about variables and the role they play in scientific research, we should not the different
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE
DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
JAGNA DISTRICT

kinds of variables and their usage. The kind of variables to be used in the study depeds on the research
design that you will follow. These are the general types of variables:
1. Independent variables are manipulated variables that cause a change in another variable.
2. Dependent variables are those that are affected by independent variables.
3. Confounding or Extraneous variables are thosevariables usually indicated in an experimental
section. They are not included in the study but in one way or another causes effect on the
dependent variable. Most of the time, these are the variables that are minimized to lessen their
impact on the expected response.
4. Categorical variables are those that charaterized and describe the quality of data. They are often
classified into mutually exclusive categories and extensive categories. the former comprises those
that take on specific values. Often, they do not follow a sequence. They just want to describe the
data into given options; thus thy are called nominal variables. For example size is classified into
small, medium, or large. When you state the classification of size, you have to say it in order.
Noticably, the values of categorical variables are not numeric.
5. Continuous variables are those variables in which values are based on given interval eor
continuum. These variables rely on numbers for description. For example, normal temperature
ranges 36 °C to 37 °C so description of normal temperature is only within the given interval.
6. Quantitative variables are those variables that give details regarding the number or level of
somethng. These variables count frequency of responses or effect. An example is a popularity
contest. The contestant who will get the highest number of votes are the most well-liked will be
declare winner.
7. Qualitative variables are those variables that represent kinds or type of objects. They are
synonymous with categorical variables. They are often categorized into names. Labels, or groups.
At times, nunbers are used as codes to represent the categorization to be able to measure the
variable and describe its extent. Responses such as yes or no;few many, and too much and agree
or disagree , are example of qualitative variables.

Variables and Their Level of Measurement

As mentioned, variables must be measured based on the way they are defined operationally. Levels of
measurement are the association of the values that are linked to a vriable. Here are some reasons why
studying them is important.
1.Proper interpretation of data related to the variable. For example, gender, refers to male and female,
and the study just provided the number of male and female partcipants. Then , the idea being conveyed
will be easily expressed. It is just about the quantity of the partcipants based on the two categories.
2.Decision about the proper statistical analyseis to be used. If the measure is the quantity of males vs.
Females, you do not need to test the relationship between them. Rather, you should just take note of the
frequency and the average of males and females.

The following are the four level of measurement:

1.Nominal scales are just concerned with the names and categories of responses.
They do not intend to wuantify the data. Qualitatitve and categorical variables ara examples. Nationality
and hair color are some examples.
2.Ordinal scales are used for data that intends to be ranked. This scale is expressed through sequential
and numerical order and therefore allows a comparison of degree. Qualitative and sometimes quantitative
variables are measured using this scale. Some examples are the following: First, second, and third and
good, better and best.
3.Interval scales use equal units of measurement and intervals to know the distance between them
mmore than the sequence. An interval scale does not use zero as its base point, though. Quantitative data
are usually measured by interval scales. Examples include temperature, attitude, and IQ.
4.Ratio scales are the highest level of measurement. Variables will be more accurately measured becasue
a ratio scale uses zero as its base point. It permits the comparison of both differences in scores and the
relative magnituted of scores. Examples are height,weight, and age.

Activity

Classify these constructs into their respective variable types:

Ex. Dropout rate Quantitative variables
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE
DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
JAGNA DISTRICT

1.Type of treatment
2.life Satisfaction
3.The Speed of bicyle
4.Birth Order
5.bloodtype
6.Educational level
7.Air-conditioned room

Identify the level of measurement used for the following variables:

1.Level of anxiety
2.Test scores in English
3.Annual Income
4.Job satisfaction rating
5.Civil status

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE

DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL