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Cid 2020 M2PSC01

1) The document describes modeling a DC series motor and simulating its performance characteristics by varying the armature voltage and load torque. 2) The mathematical model equations for torque, back EMF, armature current, and speed are derived. 3) Simulation results show that motor speed decreases with increasing load torque or decreasing voltage. Speed is highest under no-load conditions. 4) It is concluded that a DC series motor should not be operated without a load, as it could attain dangerously high speeds and damage the armature.

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ANITTA VINCENT
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
51 views

Cid 2020 M2PSC01

1) The document describes modeling a DC series motor and simulating its performance characteristics by varying the armature voltage and load torque. 2) The mathematical model equations for torque, back EMF, armature current, and speed are derived. 3) Simulation results show that motor speed decreases with increasing load torque or decreasing voltage. Speed is highest under no-load conditions. 4) It is concluded that a DC series motor should not be operated without a load, as it could attain dangerously high speeds and damage the armature.

Uploaded by

ANITTA VINCENT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT NO: 2

QUESTION
Derive the mathematical model of a DC Series Motor. Then model the DC
Series Motor with the following characteristics (you can assume meaningful value to
any missing data). Moment of Inertia, J=5 kg-m2; Viscous friction coefficient, B = 0.01
kg-m2/s; Armature Resistance, Ra = 0.1 Ω; Series Field Resistance, Rse = 0.1 Ω;
Armature Inductance, La = 1mH. Constants Ke = 1.2 and Kf = 0.02 [ Eb = KeΦω and
Φ = Kf Ia ] . You can vary Va and TL and study the performance of the motor. (Don't
exceed Va beyond 200V and TL beyond 50 Nm.)
Hint: Start with a simplified model which ignores armature inductance (La) and
viscous friction coefficient (B). Once you are getting proper expected results, include
La) and viscous friction coefficient (B) and obtain the complete model
 Try varying the armature voltage, keeping load torque constant (at non-zero
value) and see the result on speed and torque.
 Then try varying load torque, keeping armature voltage constant, and see the
result on speed and torque.
 Make the load torque zero and see the result on speed. Comment on the
result. Does this verify the statement "A DC Series Motor should not be
started on no-load". Give your comments and inferences.
 Obtain the T – ω characteristics of the same. (The ordinary scope we use in
Simulink has X-axis as time. You can view "Torque vs Time", and "Speed vs
Time". If you want to see "Speed vs Torque" (as in this case), you will have to
use the XY scope available in Simulink. Read the help file of the same,
understand the connections and obtain the results.)
 Prepare a detailed report, following the instructions given in the previous
page, and give all the possible insights you had during this simulation exercise.
Stick to the page limit.
ANSWER
Model of a DC series motor

Fig 1: Equivalent circuit of a dc series motor


Let Rse be the resistance of field winding (neglect the inductance of field
winding), Ra and La be the resistance and inductance of armature winding. Eb be the
back emf of the motor and Ia be the armature current.
Apply KVL,

Va = Eb + Ia (Ra+Rse) + La Ia

Take R = Ra + Rse

Va = Eb + Ia (R) + La Ia --------- (A)

Flux Φ = Kf I = Kf Ia
Motor torque Tm ∝ Φ Ia
ie. Tm = Ke Kf Ia Ia
Tm = Ke Kf Ia2 --------- (B)
Back emf Eb = Ke Φ ωm
Eb = Ke Kf Ia ωm --------- (C)
Taking Laplace transform of eqn. (1)
Va(S) = Eb(S) + Ia(S) R + La S Ia(S)
( ) ( )
∴ Ia(S) =
( )

( ) ( )
Ia(S) =
( ( ))
( ) ( )
∴ Ia(S) = ( )
--------- (D)

Where = (electrical time constant)

Consider the torque equation

= TL + j +B --------- (E)

where Tm is the motor torque, TL is the load torque, j is the moment of inertia and B
is the viscous friction coefficient
Taking Laplace transform of eqn. (5)
( ) = TL(S) + JS ( )+B ( )
( ) ( )
∴ ( )=
( )

( )– ( )
( )=
( ( ) )

( ) ( )
( )= ( )
--------- (F)

where =

from eqn. (D) and (F) we can model the dc series motor .

Block diagram

Fig 2: Simulation block diagram of a dc series motor


Torque and Speed characteristics

Fig 3: Torque and speed characteristics of a dc series motor when Va =200v and
TL=50Nm

Fig 4: T-ω characteristics of a dc series motor when Va =200v and TL=50Nm


Observations
From the XY plot we can calculate no load speed and starting torque of motor.
That is high starting torque and no load speed nearly 1490 rpm are obtained Speed
sharply falls with the increase in torque for small values of load. But for higher loads
the speed drops linearly but slowly with increasing torque.
Analysis of characteristics
1)with constant Va=190V and varying load torques

Fig 5: Torque and speed characteristics of a dc series motor with varying load
torques
Observations
 TL= 25 Nm , Tstart = 9144.9 rpm
 TL= 35 Nm , Tstart = 9147.1 rpm
 TL= 45 Nm , Tstart = 9149.2 rpm
We can conclude that as the load torque increases, speed also decreases. And
there is no variation in motor torque characteristics, also very small variation in
value of starting torque for all the three load torques by comparing with second
case.
2) with constant load torque=40Nm and varying armature voltages
Observations
 Va =150V, Tstart = 7230.7 rpm
 Va =170V, Tstart = 8168.1 rpm
 Va =190V,Tstart = 9150.7 rpm

For constant load torque, when the armature voltage changes, speed
characteristics also changes. But the torque characteristic remains same with
different starting torques and there is a vast starting torque for dc series motor.
Fig 6: Torque and speed characteristics of a dc series motor with varying armature
voltages
So we can conclude that, steady state value of speed increases as the
armature voltage increases. That is, for Va =200V, need more time for settling the
speed to steady state value while comparing with Va =150V.
Variation of T- ω characteristics when TL=0 Nm

Fig 7: T-ω characteristics of a dc series motor when Va =200 V and TL=0 Nm


Observations
 TL=50Nm, ω = 1490 rpm
 TL= 0Nm, ω = 1980 rpm
From the torque-speed characteristics at TL=50 Nm and TL= 0 Nm , we can see
that dc series motor shows a very high speed at low torque or zero torque condition.
That is when a dc series motor connected across the supply means without
load, then it will draw a small current from the supply mains and main flux produced
will be lesser.It is because when no load is connected on the motor, torque
requirement will be low. Thus current drawn from supply will become more and
more lower and speed will tend to increase more and more and this continues till
armature of motor has attained speed which is so high that due to centrifugal forces
set up in the rotating parts damages armature. So the dc series motor should never
be started or operated on no load conditions.

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