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Lecture 5 - Barrage Site Selection

The document discusses considerations for selecting sites and laying out barrages for irrigation. Key factors in site selection include having good command over the irrigation area, a minimum river width, accessible land approaches to reduce costs, and a stable riverbed foundation. For layout, the document recommends an angle of 10 degrees or less between the headworks and river axes to avoid silting problems. It also defines important terms related to barrage configuration like khadir axis, weir axis, river axis, and headworks axis. Retrogression and accretion processes are also summarized.

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245 views

Lecture 5 - Barrage Site Selection

The document discusses considerations for selecting sites and laying out barrages for irrigation. Key factors in site selection include having good command over the irrigation area, a minimum river width, accessible land approaches to reduce costs, and a stable riverbed foundation. For layout, the document recommends an angle of 10 degrees or less between the headworks and river axes to avoid silting problems. It also defines important terms related to barrage configuration like khadir axis, weir axis, river axis, and headworks axis. Retrogression and accretion processes are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Husnain Jabbar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING


IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
CE-481

Lecture [5] : Barrage Site Selection & Layout

Engr. Muhammad Hassan


(Assistant Professor)

Date: April 30, 2020


Purpose of The Barrage

 To divert the required quantity of water from the river to the canals.
 To raise the area proposed for irrigation by gravity flow.
 To allow proper silt control.
 To provide permanent head-works for the canals in order to protect
them during floods by providing for complete closure.
 To provide better regulation than weir.

Irrigation Engineering 3
Site Selection of a Barrage

 The following consideration should be kept in mind when deciding on


the site for a barrage.
 The site must have a good command over the are to be irrigated, and
must also be not too far distant to avoid long feeder channels.
 The width of the river at the site should preferably be the minimum
with a well defined and stable river approach.
 A good land approach to the site will reduce the expense of
transportation and, therefore, the cost of the barrage.
 Easy diversion of the river after construction.

Irrigation Engineering 4
 Existence of central approach of the river to the barrage after
diversion. This is essential for proper silt control.
 If it is intended to convert the existing inundation canals into
perennial canals, site selection is limited by the position of the head
regulator and the alignment of the existing inundation canals.
 A rock foundation is the best but in alluvial plains the bed is invariably
sandy.

Irrigation Engineering 5
Considerations for Layout of a Barrage

 The common practice in Pakistan was to build the barrage on dry land
in a bye river and after completion to divert the river through it.
 This gave an oblique approach and created problems. The irrigation
Research Institute, Lahore on the basis of extensive hydraulic model
experiments for each individual case suggests.
 Where the angle between the headwork axis and the river axis
exceeds 10ᴼ the problems arises of concentration of flow on one side
and island formation (due to heavy silting)within the guide banks on
the other side, as at Islam, Sidhnai and Ballokee barrages.

Irrigation Engineering 6
 If the river axis is to the right of the headwork axis the concentration
of flow is generally on the left side with the consequent tendency to
form an island on the right and vice versa.
 When a barrage is located below the confluence of two rivers, it
should be located sufficiently far below the confluence and
consideration must be given as to which of the two rivers dominate
the confluence.
 The most suitable site for a barrage when constructed on dry land, is
below the outer side of the convex band, which is followed by straight
reach off the river.

Irrigation Engineering 7
Important Terms

1. Khadir:
The Khadir is the flood plain of the river.
2. Khadir Axis:
The Khadir axis is a line passing through the centre of the river course,
between the two high banks upto the backwater effect.
3. Weir Axis:
The weir axis is a line along which the crest off the weir is laid.
4. River Axis:
The river axis is a line parallel to the Khadir axis at the center of the
weir axis between the abutments.

Irrigation Engineering 8
Irrigation Engineering 9
5. Head-works Axis:
The Head-works axis is a line perpendicular to the weir axis at the
center of the weir abutments.
6. Retrogression:
Retrogression is a very important phenomenon which occurs after the
construction of weir or barrage in a river flowing through alluvial soil.
As a result of back-water effects and the increase in depths, the
velocity of the water decreases resulting in the deposition of the
sediment load. Therefore, the water overflowing the barrage having
less silt, picks up silt from the d/s bed. This results in the lowering of
the d/s river bed for a few miles. This is known as retrogression.

Irrigation Engineering 10
Retrogression
 Retrogression may occur for the first few years and bed levels often
recover their previous level.
 The phenomenon is temporary because the river regime, its slope,
adapts to the new conditions of flow created by the barrage within a
few years and then the water flowing over the weir has a normal silt
load.
 The d/s cycle than reverses due to the greater depth, silt is then
deposited and the d/s retrogressed bed recovers to the point of
equilibrium. Retrogression value is minimum for a flood discharge and
maximum for a low discharge.
 The values vary from 2 feet to 8.5 feet.

Irrigation Engineering 11
Accretion

Accretion is the reverse of retrogression and normally occurs u/s


although may also occur d/s after the retrogression cycle is complete.
There is no accurate method of calculating the values of retrogression
and accretion but the values that have been recorded at various
barrages may serve as guidelines.

Irrigation Engineering 12
THANKS

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