Volume 5, Issue 8, August – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Development of Rice Husk and Egg Shell

Fillers in Polymer Composites: A Review
Anjana S Dr. Shaji P Thomas
Research Scholar Research Guide &Associate Professor
Department of chemistry,Mar Thoma College Department of Chemistry
Mahatma Gandhi University,Kottayam, Kerala, India Bishop Abraham Memorial College
Thuruthicad,Kerala, India

Abstract:- Natural fibers such as hemp, sisal, jute, Components Ratio

cotton,flax and broom are the most commonly used
fibers for the reinforcement of polymers. These bio Cellulose 26–35
fillers are used in polymeric compound because of its Hemicellulose 17–21
low cost and bio degradable nature. This review gives
the information about bio fillers rice husk and egg shell Lignin 25–31
used in polymer technology and importance of this bio SiO 2(silica) 15–19
fillers in science and technology area.
Solubles 2–7
Keywords:- Rice husk ash;Egg shell; Bio fillers; Natural Moisture content 5–10
fiber; Elastomer; Mechanical Properties; Table 1:- Components of RH
I. INTRODUCTION Burning of rice husk give rice husk ash. Rice husk ash
(RHA) contain about 70% silica in amorphous form and
Due to high prize of petroleum product and its also contain some amount of metallic impurities. One of
environmental hazards,now a days petroleum based fillers, these important applications is its use as filler in polymer
are used very less.Most of the researchers promote compounds [2-3] . Ali sadr momtazi et al. [4] evaluate the
environmental friendly bio fillers for polymer field. Now, effects of polypropylene fibers and rubber particles on
many food wastes as a bio fillers,which is incorporated with mechanical properties of cement composite containing rice
various polymers like thermoplastic,thermosetting plastic, husk ash. In this work,rubber waste particles and rice husk
elastomers etc. Natural fibers such as hemp, sisal, jute, used as a raw materials. Using this raw materials to
cotton,flax and broom are the most commonly used fibers develop construction materials and to investigate the effect
for the reinforcement of polymers. These biofillers are used of rubber particles and rice husk addition on the physical-
in polymeric compound because of its low cost and bio mechanical and water absorption properties of the
degradable nature.Due to the above advantages of biofiller composites.0%-5% ranged rubber as replacement to cement
many researches focuss their work in biofillers field.Based in mixtures and 0.3% polypropylene fiber were used.
on the review biofillers optained from natural fiber (wheat Elasticity dynamic modulus, compressive and flexural
straw, corn stalks,hemp, flax, jute, linen, kenaf, coconut; oil strengths, strain capacity, water absorption and SEM, all of
palm, banana,pineapple, and sugarcane)eggshell, shellfish them measured.
shell, shrimp shell etc. were received a considerable
attention in the last few years.In this review give the D. Garcıá et al. [5] made a study about Composites
information about biofillers rice husk and egg shell used in based on sintering rice husk–waste tire rubber mixtures. In
polymer technology and importance of this biofillers in this various sizes of rice husk particles were used, which is
science and technology area. 0.75mm,0.37mm,>0.1mm. Due to sintering process rubber
mixed with rice husk and composites contain 0-25wt%of
II. BIOFILLER RICE HUSK rice husk. This study proved that the mechanical properties
of composites depends, amount and average size fractions of
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the the rice husk particles. Hanafi Ismail et al. [6] study about
world. Paddy cultivation is a part of the proud culture of the effect of a compatibilizer on the mechanical properties
India. Rice husk is an agricultural waste from paddy and mass swell of white rice husk ash filled natural
field .Its disposal still represents an environmental issue [1- rubber/linear low density polyethylene blends. Natural
2] .Rotting of rice husk in the paddy field will produce rubber (NR)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) filled
methane gas (potent green house gas)which may cause with white rice husk ash .it is blends with and without a
global warming and badly affect climate [3]. The annual compatibilizer, poly propylene-ethylene-acrylic acid
world production of rice is approximately 670 million (PPEAA).Tensile properties, hardness, and mass swell
metric tons. RH is a cellulose-based fibrous materials. The properties of these composites were investigated in this
major components of RH are tabulated in Table 1. work. Increasing the loading of WRHA in NR/LLDPE
resulted in reduction of tensile strength, elongation at break
and mass swell but increased tensile modulus and hardness.

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Volume 5, Issue 8, August – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
At a similar composites with the presence of PPEAA are mainly contain calcite [14,15]. Its major applications in
increased the tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, and engineering materials, it is used as a fillers in polymer
elongation at break but reduced the mass swell of the composites [13] and raw materials for cement and mortar
composites. P. Sae-oui et al. [7] reported that in comparison production [15]. calcium carbonate in the form of calcite
with other fillers like carbon black and silica rice husk ash and organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated
have better mechanical properties. polysaccharides, and other proteins are seen in egg shell
[16,17]. ES contain different components, these are used for
Zichao Wei [8] conducted a study about different applications [18–20].ES availability and its
Comprehensive Applications of Rice Husk Biomass. One chemical composition makes its a main source of filler for
of the most available and abundant biomasses in the world is Polymer composites.Due to its high thermal and mechanical
rice husks(RHs).In this work, two main components of RH stability ES is used as a better bio filler in polymer field.
biomass were extracted one is silica and othere is
lignocellulose. According to Anil Baby et al. [22] made a study on
the Mechanical and morphological characterization of
Using calcination method,silica was prepared from carbonized egg-shell fillers/ Borassus fibre reinforced
RHs.Green phosphor Zn2SiO4 :Mn2+ prepared from these polyester hybrid composites In this,mechanical
synthesized silica nanoparticles because of its high characteristics of different weight percentages of the
reactivity.Doping concentration of Mn2+ and its reaction carbonized eggshell bio-filler with Borassus flabellifer fruit
temperature on the photoluminescence performance of the fibre reinforced polyester composites were investigated and
synthesized phosphors are also discussed in this study. For find out its tensile, flexural and impact strength.Using sugar
the second part of this study, Highly light and porous cane matrix and eggshell (ES) filler,a bio based
lignocellulose aerogel extracted using ionic liquid 1-Butyl- polyethylene has been developed by T. Boronat et al. [23] It
3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCL) and was has been chemically treated and its potential effect on the
synthesized via a freeze-thaw process, water regeneration, development of a biocomposite was analyzed. Interaction
and CO2 supercritical drying. After surface modification,the between the polyethylene matrix and the eggshell filler
lignocellulose aerogel was effective in oil spill improved using titanate particle treatment . The use of
adsorption.When the lignocellulose aerogel was pyrolyzed titanate as coupling agent enlarges the range of operating
at high temperatures under an inert gas atmosphere, carbon temperatures.It also improves the inter facial bonding as it is
aerogel was prepared which is used for super capacitors. displayed in impact fracture surface. Analyze the
Mechanical, thermal and rheological properties and evaluate
According to Iara Janaína Fernandes et al. [9] the effect of the modified ES loading percentage. Thermal
study,Replacement of Commercial Silica by Rice Husk Ash analysis showed a proportional effect of the filler load over
in Epoxy Composites: A Comparative Analysis proved that the degradation temperature and an inversely effect over the
silica and rice husk ash have similar mechanical properties enthalpy. The results showed that the mechanical properties
and water absorption characteristics. Another study Effects of bio PE effectively improved with modified CaCO3.
of carburized Rice Husk Powders on physical Properties of
Elastomer based Materials conducted by Nurettin Akçakale Patricio Toro et al. [24] reported that with respect to
et al. [10] in this work carburized rice husk(CRH) was the particle size,the mechanical properties of
prepared through Proliz method. This CRH added in SBR polyproplene(PP)-Eggshell(ES) composites have higher
(SBR 1502) / waste rubber type elastomer based material. In tensile modulus than the Polyproplene(PP)–Calcium
this way hardness,density, wearing rate, breaking strength, carbonate(CC) composite.This work conclued that eggshells
percentage elongation amount and tear strength values of the from aviculture waste can effectively used as a filler for PP
new compounds were increases. composites. Composites made with eggshell show better
reinforcement behavior than composites made with
Mei-Chun Li et study et al. [11] made a Study about traditional calcium carbonate filler,and can also use talc(TA)
Mechanical, Thermal and Friction Properties of Rice Bran to a great extent without decreasing the mechanical
Carbon/Nitrile Rubber Composites: Influence of Particle properties of the PP–TA composites.
Size and Loading. In this study four type of rice bran
carbon(RBC) with different particle size mixed with nitrile IV. CONCLUSION
rubber (NBR) in a laboratory size two-roll miller.
Investigate thermal ,mechanical,frictional properties of the Wide ranges of food waste are available in the
RBC/NBR composites. The tensile strength, tear strength, society.These wastes are the main resources of
tensile modulus and abrasion resistance of rubber biofillers.Eco friendly polymer can be created using these
compounds are increases by the incorporation of carbon type of biofillers.Biofillers are used in polymeric compound
black . because of its low cost and bio degradable nature.Various
work showed that composite materials are improved with
III. BIOFILLER EGGSHELL addition of biofillers compared with convensional fillers.In
this study, a number of work have been reviewed and
In nature, calcium carbonate seen in the form of several issues have been addressed regarding the usage of
sedimentary rocks such as limestone, chalk and in biofillers from rice husk and egg shell,which reinforce
metamorphic marble rocks [12] .They are obtained through polymer composites.
quarry or underground mining. Limestone, chalk and marble

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Volume 5, Issue 8, August – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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