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Topic: Islanding Detection

The document discusses several research papers related to power systems and measurement/sensing technologies: 1. The first paper presents an islanding detection technique based on modal components of voltage signals. 2. The second paper describes a current sensing system used for protection of high power frequency converters consisting of a magnetic field sensor and microcontroller. 3. The third discusses an energy metering SoC that can measure electricity signals and meter energy using a novel low-power DSP architecture. It also describes a capacitive sensor for detecting partial discharge in cable joints. The document covers topics such as islanding detection, power system protection, energy metering, measurement and sensing technologies, and control of power converters.

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Ratik Mittal
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80 views11 pages

Topic: Islanding Detection

The document discusses several research papers related to power systems and measurement/sensing technologies: 1. The first paper presents an islanding detection technique based on modal components of voltage signals. 2. The second paper describes a current sensing system used for protection of high power frequency converters consisting of a magnetic field sensor and microcontroller. 3. The third discusses an energy metering SoC that can measure electricity signals and meter energy using a novel low-power DSP architecture. It also describes a capacitive sensor for detecting partial discharge in cable joints. The document covers topics such as islanding detection, power system protection, energy metering, measurement and sensing technologies, and control of power converters.

Uploaded by

Ratik Mittal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Topic: Islanding Detection

[1a] Y. M. Makwana and B. R. Bhalja, "Experimental Performance of an Islanding


Detection Scheme Based on Modal Components," in IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1025-1035, Jan. 2019.

Abstract: An implementation of a new islanding detection technique based on modal


components of the voltage signals is presented in this paper. It is based on derivation of
islanding detection factor which is derived from the modal transformation of the input
voltage signals. The voltage signals, are acquired by the 12-bit Analog-to Digital
Converter (ADC) of the DSP processor (C2000 Delfino series TMS320F28335) through
the Voltage Sensor Signal Conditioning Circuit (VSSCC).

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2. Topic: Power System Protection
[2a] Č. Šimkevičius, N. Žurauskienė, S. Balevičius, V. Stankevič, S. Keršulis and A.
Baškys, "Current Sensing System for Protection of High Power Frequency Converters," in
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 2896-2900, Oct. 2013, doi:
10.1109/TPS.2013.2266199.
Abstract: The design and test results of a current-sensing system used for the protection of
frequency converters, which are used for controlling the speeds of ac induction motors, are
presented. The proposed pulse current-sensing system consists of a magnetic field sensor,
which is made of thin polycrystalline La-Sr-Mn-O manganite film exhibiting the colossal
magnetoresistance (CMR) effect, and a microcontroller with a 12-bit A/D converter that is
used for recording the fault current signal.

[2b] J. Koo et al., "A Nonlinear Microcontroller Power Distribution Network Model for
the Characterization of Immunity to Electrical Fast Transients," in IEEE Transactions on
Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 611-619, Aug. 2009.

Abstract: A nonlinear power distribution network model for characterizing the immunity
of integrated circuits (ICs) to electrical fast transients (EFTs) is proposed and validated.
The model includes electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diodes and passive
impedances between power domains.

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3. Measurement / Sensing

[3a] B. Wu and N. Tan, "An Energy Metering and Measurement SoC With a Novel
Low-Power DSP Architecture," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.
3298-3308, April 2019

Abstract: This paper presents an energy metering and measurement system-on-a-chip


(SoC) with a novel low-power digital signal processor (DSP) architecture. The Cotex-
M0-based SoC can measure electricity signals and meter active and reactive energy. The
measurement and metering algorithms are implemented in a novel DSP architecture with
a dedicated reduced instruction set. The filter coefficients and its operating frequency in
the default program of DSP can be reprogrammed independently.

[3b] J. Jiang et al., "A Capacitive Strip Sensor for Detecting Partial Discharge in 110-kV
XLPE Cable Joints," in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 18, no. 17, pp. 7122-7129, 1 Sept.1,
2018.

Abstract: In this paper, a novel capacitive strip sensor for the PD measurement is
proposed and testified under the context of prefabricated 110-kV XLPE cable joints.
First, a simulation model based on finite integration technique is established. Then, the
transmission mode and the frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic wave related to the
PD signal are investigated. Furthermore, the energy distribution of the PD signal among
the cable joint is analyzed to identify the optimal position of installation.

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[3c] S. M. Hosseini, R. Abdollahi and M. Karrari, "Inclusive Design and Implementation
of Online Load Angle Measurement for Real-Time Transient Stability Improvement of a
Synchronous Generator in a Smart Grid," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 8966-8972, Nov. 2018

Abstract: In this paper, a novel real-time digital signal processing (DSP)-based load
angle measurement instrument for synchronous generators is discussed. This real-time
instrument is designed for high-precision online applications. In this approach, input
signals contain the rotor's shaft position and zero crossing of generator terminal voltage is
applied to a DSP board to achieve the online load angle. 

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4. Miscellaneous: Does not fall under any category

[4a] B. W. Abegaz and S. M. Mahajan, "Optimal Perturbation Tolerance in VSC-


Connected Hybrid Networks Using an Expert System on Chip," in IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 5442-5451, June 2018

Abstract: In this paper, an integrated, on-chip expert system (EXPSOC) is proposed to


compute the correlation between power variables in separate modules, to perform state
estimation of power and voltage variables and to improve the tolerance of perturbations
in the hybrid networks. Results show the optimality of the approach in controlling
dynamic power perturbations and in keeping the stability of the voltage, frequency, and
power variables at the level of grid connected VSCs.

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5. New List

[5a] N. Ayer and R. Gokaraju, "Online Application of Local OOS Protection and
Graph Theory for Controlled Islanding," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 11,
no. 3, pp. 1822-1832, May 2020

Abstract: In this paper, a simplified alternative approach to the WAMS-based methods


for triggering controlled islanding is demonstrated. Despite layers of protection at work,
power systems have experienced major blackouts in the past due to cascading outages.
Such outages can be prevented with controlled islanding, which consists of two
problems: “when” and “where” to island. The majority of the existing offline and real-
time methods for the “when” aspects are based on wide area measurement systems
(WAMSs), which depend on the system topology to perform periodic offline simulations
or real-time computation of dynamic system equivalents. In this paper, a simplified
“when” approach is proposed based on local generator out-of-step (OOS) protection and
generator coherency using fault location.

Disturbance Diamond in flowchart: Here the disturbances are any event that causes the
power system to disrupt power generation and transmission, like a line to line fault, three
phase faults etc.
Detection as rightly stated, is given on page 1823. The authors are using swing equation (
in simple language) to determine whether there is a disturbance or not (equation (1) and
equation (2)). The hardware implementation is done using a real time simulator for big
power systems, RTDS (manufacturer) is this case.

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The system represented at top is standard IEEE 39 Bus system. For the section
represented on the left the explanation is as follow:
a. Bus 38: Is a generator bus, or a synchronous generator is connected at this bus.
b. Bus 29, 28, 27 and 26 are load buses. Please refer to Fig 9 also from the paper
( shown below)
c. 830 is the generator load at bus 38 in MVA.
d. The data written on the lines (191, 347 …) are the average active power weights,
that is defined by the authors for there study ,see page 1825, column 2,
paragraph 2, line 4. Image is attached for reference.

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e.
[5c] M. Ganjian-Aboukheili, M. Shahabi, Q. Shafiee and J. M. Guerrero, "Seamless
Transition of Microgrids Operation From Grid-Connected to Islanded Mode,"
in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Abstract: In grid-connected mode, DERs usually work under grid-following control
strategy, while at least one of the DERs must operate in grid-forming strategy in
islanding mode. A microgrid may experience remarkable fluctuations in voltage and
current due to an unintentional islanding event. To achieve a smooth transition to
islanding mode and mitigate disturbance effect, this paper proposes a control strategy
includes a) a linear voltage controller with capacitor current feedback as an input to the
voltage controller and output current feedforward as an input to current controller, and b)
modified droop control to emulate the inertia response of a synchronous generator. The
proposed controller can suppress voltage, current and frequency fluctuations and also
guarantee a smooth transition.

Implementation: They have fist done Small Signal Analysis, and then have used
dSPACE to implement the controller. dSPACE is a real time simulator based on
MATLAB Simulink

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Small Signal Analysis: For stability evaluation of the modified droop control, a small
signal analysis is conducted. By using the linearized model obtained, root-locus method
is used to determine the stability of the system. Below image is just for an example.

MATLAB/ Simulink + dSPACE: The author fist made the proposed control strategy in
MATLAB/Simulink that is directly connected to dSPACE1006. The model built in
Simulink programs the dSPACE board, that generates firing pulses, and control the actual
Voltage source converter (in this paper 2.2 kW danfoss inverter)

[5d] D. Dong et al., "Modes of Operation and System-Level Control of Single-Phase


Bidirectional PWM Converter for Microgrid Systems," in IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 93-104, March 2012, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2167352.

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Abstract: This paper proposes a control system for single-phase bidirectional PWM
converters for residential power level microgrid systems which is robust and can tolerate
transitions between the different modes of operation. This is achieved by means of a
common inner ac current-loop. A frequency-response based design procedure for the
proposed control system is presented in detail for all operating modes, and its
performance is verified experimentally using a DSP-controlled 6 kW 120 V rms (ac)/ 300
V (dc) laboratory converter prototype.

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