VOLCANOES -Is a mudflow composed of rocky debris, water, and

pyroclastic material; flows with a speeds from few meters

 Underneath Earth’s Surface, molten rock is being forced
per second to several tens per second; could begin a
through cracks on earth.
landslide of weak and saturated rock and soil from steep
 When plates move and the mountain is on top, the
volcano flanks.
pressure is released causing the magma to release.
 Volcanoes are generally conical in shape. ASHFALL
 There are 23 active volcanoes in PH
-is hard extremely abrasive, mildly, corrosive, conducts
 PHIVOLCS (PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND
electricity when wet and does not dissolve in water;
SEISMOLOGY)
because of the sound of thunder and the smell of sulfur,
causes people to be disoriented and confused.
CLASSIFICATION
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
BY ACTIVITY
-are high density mixtures of hot dry rock fragments and
ACTIVE
hot gases that move at high speed.
-has a tendency to erupt or already erupting like mount
mayon and mount bulusan BALLISTIC PROJECTILE
DORMANT
-not erupting, not going to erupt like Mt. Pinatubo and Mt. -basically, rocks that an erupting volcano sends into the air;
St. Helens; are morphologically young-looking but no direct impact might result to death or serious injury, and
records might damage shelters and lands
EXTINCT VOLCANIC GASES
-not erupted in the last 30 000-40 000 years like Mt. Kohala
in Hawaii last eruption is 60 000 years ago. -temperature and toxicity; acids are very toxic and
damaging to the skin, eyes, and lungs; have bad smell and
BY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE causes mass fatalities.
SHIELD LAVA FLOW
-generally low and has a dome shape; slowly shaped by
lava flows; some largest volcanoes in the world are shiled -describe as a stream of molten rock that flows out of a
volcanoes volcano
CINDER CONE
BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
-simplest type; result from erupting in a single vent; viewed
as hardened lava piled around the vent
BEFORE:
STRATOVOLCANOES
1. Before putting up any structures, identify the different
-formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic
volcanic hazards and evaluate the risk for volcanic
material; tall mountains with steep sides; pyroclastic flow;
disasters.
known to erupt violently
2. Relocate when you live inside the danger zone.
BY ERUPTION
3. Familiarize yourself and your family with hazard maps,
evacuation areas, evacuation routes, and evacuation
EXPLOSIVE
protocols set by authorities.
-happen due to build up of thick magma with high silica
4. Communicate the disaster plan and perform drills.
content; slow flowing, very viscous; rapid and very violent
5. Make sure you are updated to the current status of
QUIET
volcanic activity.
-low viscosity allowing gas to escape; emits a lot of lava
6. Strictly follow the evacuation orders given by authorities
coming from a crack on the surface
and stay away from the danger or exclusion zones.
7. Prepare yourself for other hazards such as: mudflows
and flash floods, landslides and rock falls, earthquakes, ash
fall, acid rain, and tsunamis.
8. Make sure to have a family emergency communication
plan (ask a relative from out of town to serve as contact
HAZARDS FROM VOLCANOES
person) and emergency supply kit.
9. Prepare your own survival pack which includes: flashlight
LAHAR
and extra batteries, first aid kit and manual, emergency
food and water, non-electric can opener, essential 9. If you have respiratory or cardiac ailment, avoid contact
medicines, dust masks (N95), goggles, sturdy shoes, and with ash.
AM radio (to listen to emergency broadcasts). 10. It is best to stay indoors until local health officials
10. Bring clothes, sleeping mats, and folder to contain advise that it is safe to go outside.
important documents. 11. Be cautious when going outside to help.
12. Help those neighbors who may require special
assistance.
DURING: 13. Report to the authorities and your relatives at the
1. Listen to the emergency information and follow the soonest time possible.
evacuation order issued by the authorities.
2. Avoid areas near the volcano.

Indoors
1. Close all windows, doors, and dampers.
2. Put all machinery inside a garage or barn, and cover
them with cloth.
3. Bring animals and livestock into closed shelters.
4. Check if everybody is present.
5. Call your emergency person and inform them of your
whereabouts.
6. Fill your bath tubs and other water containers with
water.

Outdoors
1. Seek shelter indoors as soon as possible.
2. Roll into a ball if you are caught in a rock fall.
3. If you are near a stream, be aware of mudflows.
4. Move to higher ground.
5. Be aware of sudden rainfall.
6. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
7. Use goggles to protect your eyes.
8. Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face.
9. Stay indoors as much as you can.
10. Keep car or truck engines off.
11. Stay out of the defined danger zones.

AFTER:
1. Stay away from volcaniv ash fall areas.
2. Cover your mouth and nose when you are outside or
going outside.
3. Always wear goggles.
4. Do not wear contact lenses.
5. Keep your skin covered.
6. Clear roofs of ash.
7. Use harness and proper support or scaffolding when
working on a roof.
8. Avoid driving unless it is a must.