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F (X) Ax + BX + C 0: Sum and Product of ROOTS

The document discusses properties of quadratic equations and their roots. It provides formulas to find the sum and product of roots given an equation in the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c. It also discusses how the signs of the coefficients relate to the signs of the roots. Several examples are worked through to demonstrate finding roots and rewriting equations given sum and product of roots or the roots themselves.

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Mana Gargi
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48 views

F (X) Ax + BX + C 0: Sum and Product of ROOTS

The document discusses properties of quadratic equations and their roots. It provides formulas to find the sum and product of roots given an equation in the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c. It also discusses how the signs of the coefficients relate to the signs of the roots. Several examples are worked through to demonstrate finding roots and rewriting equations given sum and product of roots or the roots themselves.

Uploaded by

Mana Gargi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QA – Roots

Sum and Product of ROOTS


f(x) = ax2 + bx-1 + c=0
The sum of the roots= α + β = -b/a.
The product of roots = α β = c/a
If α and β are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then we can write
ax2 + bx + c = x2 - (α + β) x + αβ = x2 (sum of the roots) x + product of the roots = 0
Or, ax2 + bx + c = a (x – α) (x – β) = 0
If we are generally given any equation like: x2 – 5x + 6 = 0. Then, to get its roots we need to
look out for two numbers whose sum is 5 and product is 6. Hence the roots are 2 & 3. We
get the answer, without much simplification. Also, a quadratic equation can be expressed in
the form: (x – )(x – ) = 0, where  and  are the roots of the equation. Hence the above
equation can also be written as, (x – 2)(x – 3) = 0

Some properties

a) If the two roots and be reciprocal to each other, then a = c


b) If the two roots and be equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, then b = 0

c) The roots , are both negative, if ( ) and are both positive (i,e..if and

are both positive).

d) The roots are both negative, if ( ) is negative and , is positive (i,e..if

positive).

e) The roots are of positive signs, if is negative (i,e.. is negative).

Sign of ( + ) Sign of ( ) Sign of the ,


+ve +ve and are positive
-ve +ve and are negative
+ve -ve is positive is negative if
(numerically)
-ve -ve is negative is positive if
(numerically)

Solved Examples:
1) Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation :

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1


QA – Roots

SOLUTION Let α β be the two roots of the equation then,

= - =-

and α β = =-

2) Find the quadratic equation whose roots are, -3, 5:

SOLUTION Method (I) :

= - 3+5=2

and = - 3 x 5 = - 15

∴ The required quadratic equation

-( (

⟹ - (2)x + (-15) = 0

⟹ - 2x -15 = 0

Method (II) : Let = 5, then the required equation

(x – (

⟹ (x + 3) (x – 5) = 0

⟹ - 2x -15 = 0

3) If and are the roots of the equation + bx + c = 0, find the values of the
following expressions in terms of a, b and c

( + ( + ( -

SOLUTION

(a) Let + bx + c = 0 and be the roots of the equation, then

α + =- , =

∴ + =( -2

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2


QA – Roots

=( ) – = -

(b) + = = =

(c) - =( + ( + )( - )

= [( -2 ]( + ) √(

( )( )√

( √

4) Two candidates attempt to solve a quadratic equation of the form 0.


One starts with a wrong value of p and finds the roots to be 2 and 6. The othr starts
with a wrong value of q and finds the roots to be 2 and – 9 . Find the correct roots
and the equation.
SOLUTION When p is wrong i.e., (= ) is wrong out (= ) is correct.
Hence = = 2 x 6 =12
Again when q is wrong i.e., =( is wrong but = is correct.
∴ = 2 + (-9) = - 7
∴ the required correct quadratic equation is
-(
(
⟹ + 7 x +12 = 0
and the correct roots of this equation are - 3, - 4.

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 3

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